دانلود کتاب Tendinopathy: From Basic Science to Clinical Management

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Preface
Contents
Contributors
1: Biological and Biomechanical Adaptation of Young and Aging Tendons to Exercise
Introduction
The Effects of Exercise on Young and Aging Tendons in Animals and Humans
The Effects of Aging on Tendons
The Effects of Exercise on Young Tendons
The Effects of Exercise on Aging Tendons
Cellular Changes in the Young and Aging Tendons Due to Exercise
Effects of Exercise on Young Tendon Cells
Effects of Exercise on Aging Tendon Cells
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Responsible for the Effects of Exercises on Tendons
Concluding Remarks
References
2: The Pathogenic Mechanisms of Tendinopathy
Introduction
Biological Changes in Tendinopathic Tendons
Development of Tendinopathy
Concluding Remarks
References
3: Rotator Cuff Tendons
Introduction
Anatomy
Supraspinatus Tendinopathy with Subacromial Impingement
Clinical Presentation
Physical Examination
Diagnostic Workup
X-Ray
Ultrasound
MRI
Treatments
Conservative and Interventional
Operative
Infraspinatus Tendinopathy with Internal Impingement
Clinical Presentation
Physical Examination
Imaging
Treatment
Conservative
Interventional
Operative
Complete Rotator Cuff Tear
Clinical Presentation
Physical Examination
Diagnostic Workup
Imaging
Treatment
Interventional
Operative
Conclusion
References
4: Biceps Tendon
Introduction
Anatomy
Proximal Long Head Tendinopathy
Clinical Presentation
Physical Examination
Diagnostic Workup
Ultrasound
Additional Imaging
Treatment
Conservative
Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID)
Physical Therapy
Interventional
Operative
Distal Biceps Tendon Rupture
Clinical Presentation
Physical Examination
Diagnostic Workup
MRI
X-Ray
Ultrasound
Treatment
Conservative
Interventional
Operative
Proximal Short Head
References
5: Common Extensor Tendon/Common Flexor Tendon
Introduction
Anatomy
Common Extensor Tendon (CET) Tendinopathy
Clinical Presentation
Physical Examination
Diagnostic Workup
X-Ray and MRI
Ultrasound
Treatment
Conservative
Physical Therapy
Elbow Bracing and Taping
Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
Topical Nitroglycerin
Interventional
Corticosteroid Injection (CSI)
Platelet Rich-Plasma Injection (PRP) and Autologous Blood Injection (ABI)
Prolotherapy Injection (PrT)
Percutaneous Needle Tenotomy (PNT)
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT)
Percutaneous Mechanical Procedures and Botulinum Toxin Injection
Operative
Common Flexor/Pronator Tendon (CFPT) Tendinopathy
Clinical Presentation
Physical Examination
Diagnostic Workup
X-Ray and MRI
Ultrasound
Treatment
Conservative
Operative
References
6: Wrist and Hand Tendons
Introduction
Volar Compartment
Flexor Carpi Radialis Tendinopathy
Anatomy
Clinical Presentation
Physical Examination
Diagnostic Workup
Treatments
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Tendinopathy
Anatomy
Clinical Presentation
Physical Examination
Diagnostic Workup
Treatments
Trigger Finger: Flexor Digitorum Profundus and Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Tendinopathy
Anatomy
Clinical Presentation
Physical Examination
Diagnostic Workup
Treatments
Jersey Finger: Flexor Digitorum Profundus Tendon Rupture
Anatomy
Clinical Presentation
Physical Examination
Diagnostic Workup
Treatments
Linburg-Comstock Syndrome
Anatomy
Clinical Presentation
Physical Examination
Diagnostic Workup
Treatments
Dorsal Compartment (See Fig. 6.4 and Table 6.3)
De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis: Abductor Pollicis Longus and Extensor Pollicis Brevis Tendinopathy
Anatomy
Clinical Presentation
Physical Examination
Diagnostic Workup
Treatments
Proximal Intersection Syndrome/Oarsmen’s Wrist: Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus and Brevis Tendinopathy
Anatomy
Clinical Presentation
Physical Examination
Diagnostic Workup
Treatments
Drummer’s Wrist: Extensor Pollicis Longus Tendinopathy/Rupture
Anatomy
Clinical Presentation
Physical Examination
Diagnostic Workup
Treatments
Extensor Indicis and Extensor Digitorum Communis Tendinopathy
Anatomy
Clinical Presentation
Physical Examination
Diagnostic Workup
Treatments
Mallet Finger: Terminal Extensor Tendon Rupture
Anatomy
Clinical Presentation
Physical Examination
Diagnostic Workup
Treatments
Boutonniere Deformity: Extensor Tendon Central Slip Defect
Anatomy
Clinical Presentation
Physical Examination
Diagnostic Workup
Treatments
Vaughn-Jackson Syndrome: Extensor Digiti Minimi Tendinopathy/Rupture
Anatomy
Clinical Presentation
Physical Examination
Diagnostic Workup
Treatments
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Tendinopathy
Introduction
Clinical Presentation
Physical Examination
Diagnostic Workup
Treatments
References
7: Rectus Abdominis and Hip Adductor Tendons (“Athletic Pubalgia/Sports Hernia”)
Introduction
Anatomy
Mechanism of Injury
Athletic Pubalgia/Sports Hernia/Rectus Abdominis-Adductor Longus Tendinopathy
Clinical Presentation
Physical Examination
Athletic Pubalgia and Femoral Acetabular Impingement
Diagnostic Workup
X-Ray
MRI
Ultrasound
Treatment
Conservative
Interventional
Operative
Other Proximal Adductor Tendons Injuries
References
8: Proximal Hamstring Tendons
Introduction
Anatomy
Proximal Hamstring Tendon Injury
Clinical Presentation
Physical Examination
Imaging
Treatment
Conservative
Interventional
Corticosteroids
Operative
Prognosis/Return to Play
Prevention
Conclusion
References
9: Lateral Gluteal Tendons
Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome
Introduction
Anatomy
Gluteus Medius Tendinopathy
Clinical Presentation
Physical Examination
Diagnostic Workup
Treatments
Conservative
Interventional
Operative
Snapping Hip Syndrome
Introduction
Case
Clinical Presentation
Physical Exam
Diagnostic Workup
Treatment
Conservative
Surgical
Conclusion
References
10: Quadriceps Tendon
Introduction
Anatomy
Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine Apophysitis and Avulsion
Clinical Presentation
Imaging
Radiographs
Ultrasound
MRI
Treatment
Proximal Rectus Femoris Partial Tears, Avulsions, and Tendinopathy
Clinical Presentation
Imaging
Radiographs
Ultrasound
MRI
Treatment
Nonoperative
Operative
Proximal Quadriceps Myotendinous Injury
Clinical Presentation
Imaging
Radiographs
Ultrasound
MRI
Treatment
Distal Quadriceps Tendinopathy
Clinical Presentation
Imaging
Radiographs
Ultrasound
MRI
Treatment
Distal Quadriceps Tendon Rupture
Clinical Presentation
Imaging
Radiographs
Ultrasound
MRI
Treatment
Nonoperative
Operative
Conclusion
References
11: Patellar Tendon
Introduction
Anatomy
Patellar Tendinopathy Case
Clinical Presentation
Physical Examination
Diagnostic Imaging
Plain Radiography (X-Ray)
Ultrasonography (US)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Treatment
Conservative
Non-surgical Interventional Treatment
Surgical Treatment
References
12: Distal Hamstring, Pes Anserine, and Popliteal Tendons
Introduction
Anatomy
Distal Hamstring Tendinopathy
Clinical Presentation
Physical Examination
Diagnostic Workup
X-Ray
Musculoskeletal Ultrasound
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Treatment
Conservative
Interventional
Operative
Pes Anserinus Tendinopathy
Clinical Presentation
Physical Examination
Diagnostics
Laboratory
X-Ray
Musculoskeletal Ultrasound
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Treatment
Conservative
Interventional
Operative Management
Popliteus Tendon Tendinopathy
Clinical Presentations
Physical Examination
Diagnostic Workup
X-Ray
Ultrasound
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Treatments
Conservative
Interventional
Operative
Proximal Triceps Surae Tendon Tendinopathy
Clinical Presentation
Physical Examination
Diagnostic Imaging
X-Ray
Ultrasound
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Treatments
Conservative
Operative
References
13: Peroneal Tendons
Introduction
Anatomy
Clinical Examination
Imaging Studies
Radiographs
Ultrasound
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Pathological Conditions and Treatment Options
Case 1: Peroneal Tendinopathy
Clinical Presentation and Treatment
Nonoperative Treatment
Operative Treatment
Case 2: Peroneal Subluxation and Dislocation
Clinical Presentation and Treatment
Nonoperative Treatment
Operative Treatment
Case 3: Peroneal Tendon Tears (Isolated and Combined)
Clinical Presentation and Treatment
Nonoperative Treatment
Operative Treatment
Case 4: Painful Os Peroneum Syndrome (POPS)
Clinical Presentation and Treatment
Nonoperative Treatment
Operative Treatment
Conclusion
References
14: Anterior/Dorsal Ankle Tendons
Tibialis Anterior (TA)
Introduction/Anatomy
Tibialis Anterior Tendinopathy
Clinical Presentation
Physical Examination
Diagnostic Workup
X-Ray
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Ultrasound
Treatment
Conservative
Interventional
Operative
Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL)
Introduction/Anatomy
Extensor Digitorum Longus Tendinopathy
Clinical Presentation
Physical Examination
Diagnostic Workup
Treatment
Conservative/Interventional
Operative
Extensor Hallucis Longus (EHL)
Introduction/Anatomy
Extensor Hallucis Longus Tendinopathy
Clinical Presentation
Physical Examination
Diagnostic Workup
Treatment
Conservative/Interventional
Operative
Peroneus Tertius
Introduction/Anatomy
Peroneus Tertius Tendinopathy
Clinical Presentation
Physical Examination
Diagnostic Workup
Treatment
Conservative/Interventional
Operative
References
15: Medial Ankle/Plantar Foot Tendons
Tibialis Posterior
Introduction/Anatomy
Posterior Tibialis Tendinopathy
Clinical Presentation
Physical Examination
Imaging
X-Ray
Computed Tomography
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Ultrasound
Treatment
Conservative
Interventional
Operative
Stage I Dysfunction
Stage II Dysfunction
Stage III and IV Dysfunction
Tendon Transfer
Flexor Hallucis Longus
Introduction/Anatomy
Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendinopathy
Clinical Presentation
Physical Examination
Imaging
X-Ray
Computed Tomography
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Ultrasound
Treatment
Conservative
Interventional
Operative
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Introduction/Anatomy
Flexor Digitorum Longus Tendinopathy
Clinical Presentation
Physical Examination
Imaging
X-Ray
Computed Tomography
Ultrasound
Treatment
References
16: Achilles Tendon
Introduction
Anatomy
Case
Clinical Presentation
Physical Examination
Diagnostic Studies
Plain Films and CT Scan
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Ultrasound
Treatments
Conservative
Interventional
Operative
References
17: Plantar Fascia
Introduction
Anatomy
Plantar Fasciopathy
Clinical Presentation
Physical Examination
Diagnostic Workup
X-Ray
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Ultrasound
Electrodiagnostics
Treatment
Conservative
Interventional
Operative
Conclusion
References
18: Office-Based Mechanical Procedures for Tendons
Introduction
Ultrasound Imaging Findings in Tendinopathy
High-Volume Image-Guided Injection
Background
Mechanism of Action
Procedural Technique: Mid-Portion Achilles Tendinopathy with Neovascularization
Mechanical Tendon Scraping
Background
Mechanism of Action
Procedural Technique – Mid-Portion Achilles Tendinopathy with Neovascularization
Percutaneous Needle Tenotomy
Background
Mechanism of Action
Procedural Technique: Elbow Common Extensor Tendon (CET) Tendinosis
Percutaneous Ultrasonic Tenotomy
Background
Mechanism of Action
Procedural Details: Patellar Tendinopathy
Biceps and Iliopsoas Tendon Releases
Background
Mechanism of Action
Procedural Details: Bicep Tendon Release
References
19: Office-Based Orthobiologic Procedures for Tendons
Introduction
PRP
Classification System
Mechanism of Action
Procedure
Kits
Additional Considerations
Summary
Autologous Blood Injection
Classification System
Mechanism of Action
Procedure
Kits
Additional Considerations and Evidence of Efficacy
Summary
Mesenchymal Stem Cell
BMAC
Classification System
Mechanism of Action
Procedure
Kits
Additional Considerations and Evidence of Efficacy
Summary
Adipose Tissue Derivatives
Classification System
Mechanism of Action
Procedure
Kits
Additional Considerations and Evidence of Efficacy
Summary
Placental Products
Classification System
Mechanism of Action
Procedure
Kits
Additional Considerations and Evidence of Efficacy
Summary
Summary
References
20: Office-Based Chemical Procedures for Tendons
Introduction
Mechanism of Action
Available Evidence for Tendinopathy
Adverse Events and Side Effects
Sample Procedures
References
21: Emerging Operative Procedures for Tendons
Introduction
High-Volume Injections for the Management of Achilles Tendinopathy
Multiple Percutaneous Longitudinal Tenotomies
Minimally Invasive Achilles Tendon Stripping
Minimally Invasive Achilles Tendon Repair
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Index