دانلود کتاب The Big Questions: A Short Introduction to Philosophy

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Cover Contents Preface Introduction: Doing Philosophy Beyond Buzzwords Articulation and Argument: Two Crucial Features of Philosophy Concepts and Conceptual Frameworks Doing Philosophy with Style A Little Logic Deduction Induction Criticizing Arguments Closing Questions Key Words Works Cited Other Suggested Readings Ch 1: Philosophical Questions What Is Philosophy? Opening Questions Key Words Works Cited Other Suggested Readings Ch 2: The Meaning of Life Opening Questions What Kind of Meaning? The Meanings of Life Closing Questions Key Words Works Cited Other Suggested Readings Ch 3: God Opening Questions Believing in God Gods and Goddesses The Traditional Western Conceptions of God The Problem of Evil Faith and Reason: Grounds for Believing Religious Tolerance: Ritual, Tradition, and Spirituality Doubts Closing Questions Key Words Works Cited Other Suggested Readings Ch 4: The Nature of Reality Opening Questions The Real World What Is Most Real? The First Metaphysicians Early Nonphysical Views of Reality Plato's Forms Aristotle's Metaphysics Mind and Metaphysics Idealism Teleology Metaphysics and the Everyday World Closing Questions Key Words Works Cited Other Suggested Readings Ch 5: The Search for Truth Opening Questions What Is True? Two Kinds of Truth Rationalism and Empiricism The Presuppositions of Knowledge Skepticism Knowledge, Truth, and Science The Nature of Truth Rationality Subjective Truth and the Problem of Relativism Closing Questions Key Words Works Cited Other Suggested Readings Ch 6: Self Opening Questions The Essential Self The Self and Its Emotions The Egocentric Predicament The Mind-Body Problem Other Theories of the Self Closing Questions Key Words Works Cited Other Suggested Readings Ch 7: Freedom Opening Questions Freedom and the Good Life Free Will and Determinism Closing Questions Key Words Works Cited Other Suggested Readings Ch 8: Morality and the Good Life Opening Questions Moral Philosophy The Place of Self-Interest in Morality: Egoism versus Altruism Morality-Relative or Absolute? Morality and Theories of Morality Duty-Defined Morality Consequentialist Theories Aristotle and the Ethics of Virtue Feminist Ethics: The Ethics of Care Closing Questions Key Words Works Cited Other Suggested Readings Ch 9: Justice and the Good Society Opening Questions Morals and Society The Nature of Society Who Should Rule? The Question of Legitimacy Anarchism, the Free Market, and the Need for Government What Is Justice? The Meaning of Equality The Origins of Justice and the Social Contract Justice beyond Our Borders Rights and the Individual Justice Denied: The Problem of Race Sexual Politics: The Rise of Feminist Philosophy Closing Questions Key Words Works Cited Other Suggested Readings Ch 10: Beauty Opening Questions Aesthetics Beauty and Truth Enjoying Tragedy Arguing about Taste Art, Ethics, and Religion Why Is It Art? The Aesthetics of Popular Culture Closing Questions Key Words Works Cited Other Suggested Readings Ch 11: Non-Western Philosophy Opening Questions Beyond the Western Tradition The Challenges of Broadening Our Horizons Other Cultures, Other Philosophies Closing Questions Key Words Works Cited Other Suggested Readings Appendix A: Writing Philosophy Appendix B: Deductive Logic Valid Argument Forms Appendix C: Common Informal Fallacies Glossary Index