توضیحاتی در مورد کتاب :
این اولین کتاب راهنما است که در آن «متخصصان متخصص در جهان» دانش علمی ما را در مورد تخصص و عملکرد متخصص و اینکه چگونه کارشناسان ممکن است از نظر پیشرفت، آموزش، استدلال، دانش، حمایت اجتماعی و استعداد ذاتی با غیر متخصصان متفاوت باشند، بررسی میکنند. . روشهایی برای مطالعه دانش کارشناسان و انجام وظایف نمایندگی از حوزه تخصص آنها توضیح داده شده است. توسعه تخصص نیز با مصاحبه های گذشته نگر مورد مطالعه قرار می گیرد و زندگی روزمره کارشناسان با استفاده از یادداشت های روزانه مطالعه می شود. در 15 حوزه اصلی تخصص، محققان برجسته دانش ما را در مورد ساختار و کسب مهارت و دانش متخصص خلاصه می کنند و در مورد چشم انداز آینده بحث می کنند. موضوعات کلی که در بیشتر حوزه ها قرار دارند در فصل هایی در مورد جنبه های مختلف تخصص مانند هوش عمومی و عملی، تفاوت در فعالیت مغز، یادگیری خودتنظیمی، تمرین عمدی، افزایش سن، مدیریت دانش و خلاقیت بررسی می شوند.
فهرست مطالب :
Content: An introduction to Cambridge handbook of expertise and expert performance : its development, organization, and content / K. Anders Ericsson --
Two approaches to the study of experts\' characteristics / Michelene T.H. Chi --
Expertise, talent, and social encouragement / Earl Hunt --
Studies of expertise from psychological perspectives / Paul J. Feltovich, Michael J. Prietula & K. Anders Ericsson --
Educators and expertise : a brief history of theories and models / Ray J. Amirault & Robert K. Branson --
Expert systems : a perspective from computer science / Bruce G. Buchanan, Randall Davis, & Edward A. Feigenbaum --
Professionalization, scientific expertise, and elitism : a sociological perspective / Julia Evetts, Harald A. Mieg, & Ulrike Felt --
Observation of work practices in natural settings / William J. Clancey --
Methods for studying the structure of expertise : psychometric approaches / Philip I. Ackerman and Margaret E. Beier --
Laboratory methods for assessing experts\' and novices\' knowledge / Michelene T.H. Chi --
Task analysis / Jan Maarten Schraagen --
Eliciting and representing the knowledge of experts / Robert R. Hoffman and Gavan Lintern --
Protocol analysis and expert thought : concurrent verbalizations of thinking during experts\' performance on representative tasks / K. Anders Ericsson --
Simulation for performance and training / Paul Ward, A. Mark Williams & Peter A. Hancock --
Laboratory studies of training, skill acquisition, and retention of performance / Robert W. Proctor & Kim-Phuon L. Vu --
Retrospective interviews in the study of expertise and expert performance / Lauren A. Sosniak --
Time budgets, diaries and analyses of concurrent practice activities / Janice M. Deakin, Jean Cote & Andrew S. Harvey --
Historiometric methods / Dean Keith Simonton --
Expertise in medicine and surgery / Geoff Norman [and others] --
Expertise and transportation / Francis T. Durso & Andrew R. Dattel --
Expertise in software design / Sabine Sonnentag, Cornelia Niessen & Judith Volmer --
Professional writing expertise / Ronald T. Kellogg --
Professional judgments and \"naturalistic decision making\" / Karol G. Ross, Jennifer L. Shafer, & Gary Klein --
Decision making expertise / J. Frank Yates & Michael D. Tschirhart --
The making of a dream team : when expert teams do best / Eduardo Salas [and others] --
Music / Andreas C. Lehmann & Hans Gruber --
Expert performance in sport : a cognitive perspective / Nicola J. Hodges, Janet I. Starkes & Clare MacMahon --
Artistic performance : acting, ballet, and contemporary dance / Helga Noice & Tony Noice --
Perceptual-motor expertise / David A. Rosenbaum [and others] --
Expertise in chess / Fernand Gobet & Neil Charness --
Exceptional memory / John M. Wilding & Elizabeth R. Valentine --
Mathematical expertise / Brian Butterworth --
Expertise in history / Jim F. Voss & Jennifer Wiley --
A merging theory of expertise and intelligence / John Horn & Hiromi Masunaga --
Tacit knowledge, practical intelligence and expertise / Anna T. Cianciolo [and others] --
Expertise and situation awareness / Mica R. Endsley --
Brain changes in the development of expertise : neuroanatomical and neurophysiological evidence about skill-based adaptations / Nicole M. Hill & Walter Schneider --
The influence of experience and deliberate practice on the development of superior expert performance / K. Anders Ericsson --
Development and adaptation of expertise : the role of self-regulatory processes and beliefs / Barry J. Zimmerman --
Aging and expertise / Ralf Th. Krampe & Neil Charness --
Social and sociological factors in the development of expertise / Harald A. Mieg --
Modes of expertise in creative thinking : evidence from case studies / Robert W. Weisberg.
توضیحاتی در مورد کتاب به زبان اصلی :
This is the first handbook where the world's foremost 'experts on expertise' review our scientific knowledge on expertise and expert performance and how experts may differ from non-experts in terms of their development, training, reasoning, knowledge, social support, and innate talent. Methods are described for the study of experts' knowledge and their performance of representative tasks from their domain of expertise. The development of expertise is also studied by retrospective interviews and the daily lives of experts are studied with diaries. In 15 major domains of expertise, the leading researchers summarize our knowledge on the structure and acquisition of expert skill and knowledge and discuss future prospects. General issues that cut across most domains are reviewed in chapters on various aspects of expertise such as general and practical intelligence, differences in brain activity, self-regulated learning, deliberate practice, aging, knowledge management, and creativity.