دانلود کتاب The Conimbricenses: Some Questions on Signs

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To Mary Gale......Page 6
Contents......Page 8
Foreword A NEW DETERMINATION OF THE MIDDLE AGES......Page 10
Introduction......Page 16
The Conimbricenses On Signs Book 1, Chapter 1 of the De interpretatione......Page 32
Aristototle’s De interpretatione Chapter 1 On Signs......Page 34
Question 1 About the General Nature and Conditions of a Sign Article 1 What is the Essence of a Sign......Page 40
Article 2 No Thing Properly Signifies Itself......Page 48
Question 2 About the Divisions of Signs Article 1 Various Divisions of Signs Are Explained......Page 56
Article 2 An Examination of the Division of Signs into Natural and by Institution......Page 64
Article 3 Another Division of Signs is Explained: into Formal and Instrumental......Page 70
The First Section of the Article The First Argument is Answered, and the Way Species and Concepts Signify is Explained......Page 74
The Second Section of the Article. The Second Argument is Answered; the Meaning of the Division is explained; and the Question is Asked: Must a Sign Actually Signify?......Page 80
The Third Section of the Article The Third Objection is Clarified; The Question Is Raised: Whether apart from the Species and the Concept There Are Any Formal Signs? and Whether the Knowledge of a Sign Necessarily Differs from the Knowledge of What is Sign......Page 88
Question 3 About the Signification of Words and Writing Article 1 Various Opinions about the Signification of Words......Page 92
Article 2 With the First Two Opinions Rejected, The Third is Confirmed with Arguments and Explained......Page 98
Article 3 The Arguments of the First Article Are Answered......Page 108
Article 4 Whether Writing Signifies Words, and How?......Page 116
Question 4 Whether Concepts are the Same for All People but Words are Different Article1 In what sense is it true that concepts are the same for all?......Page 122
A Section of the Article The Question is: Whether a Concept Formally Becomes a Sign by an Added Relation?......Page 128
Article 2 In What Sense It Is True That Words Are Not the Same for All......Page 134
Question 5 Whether there are in our Understanding Some Concepts which are True or False, and Others which are Devoid of Truth and Falsity? Article 1 About what Truth and Falsity the Philosopher is Speaking Here......Page 144
Article 2 Whether Truth is Found in All Operations of the Intellect?......Page 152
Article 3 Apparent Objections against the Truth of the First Operation Are Refuted......Page 158
Article 4 Whether Falsity may be found in Simple Knowledge?......Page 164
Notes to the Latin......Page 177
Notes to the English......Page 182
Bibliography......Page 205
Index of Names......Page 211
Index of Subjects and Terms......Page 215