دانلود کتاب The Effect of Covid-19 on Loan Loss Provisions and Earnings Management of European Banks

فهرست مطالب :

Foreword
Abstract
Contents
Abbreviations
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Introduction
2 IFRS 9 and the Expected Credit Loss Model
2.1 Why Do Banks Account for Credit Losses?
2.2 ``Too little, too late\'\' Provisioning and the Transition to the ECL Model
2.3 The Main Differences Between IFRS 9 and IAS 39
2.4 The ECL-Model Under IFRS 9
2.4.1 The Measurement of Expected Credit Losses
2.4.2 Three Stages of Credit Risk
2.4.3 Determining the Significant Increase in Credit Risk (SICR)
2.5 Main Implications of the ECL Model
3 Covid-19 and European Banks
3.1 Covid-19 at a Glance
3.2 Economic Consequences of the Pandemic
3.3 Covid-19 Implications on Loan Loss Provisions Under IFRS 9
3.3.1 Concerns Over Procyclicality
3.3.2 The Use of Flexibility
3.3.3 No Mechanistic Approach
3.3.4 Short Versus Long Term Forecasts
3.3.5 Transparency and Disclosure
3.4 Banks\' Provisioning Practices During the Pandemic
4 Hypothesis Development
4.1 Banks\' Incentives to Manage Earnings
4.2 Earnings Management Under IFRS 9
4.3 Covid-19 Effect on Income Smoothing
5 Descriptive Statistics
5.1 Data and Sample
5.2 Descriptive Statistics
6 Research Design and Results
6.1 Discretionary LLPs
6.2 Income Smoothing
6.3 Cross-country Differences
6.4 Upwards and Downwards Earnings Management
7 Conclusion
A Bibliography