دانلود کتاب The Effectiveness of World Bank Support for Community-based And -driven Development: An Oed Evaluation (Operations Evaluation Studies) (Operations Evaluation Studies)

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Contents......Page 5
Acknowledgments......Page 9
Foreword......Page 11
Executive Summary......Page 13
Acronyms and Abbreviations......Page 19
1 Origin, Scope, Design, and Methodology of Evaluation......Page 21
1.1: The Universe of CBD/CDD Projects......Page 22
Some Limitations of the Study Design......Page 24
Ways That CBD/CDD Projects Differ from Those in the Non-CBD/CDD Portfolio......Page 27
Relevance......Page 31
3.1: Change in Social Capital and Empowerment as a Means of Assessing the Community Capacity–Enhancing Impact of Bank CBD/CDD Interventions......Page 35
Targeting the Poor Is Not Enough to Reach the Poor......Page 42
Efficiency......Page 45
Institutional Enhancement......Page 49
4.2: Sustainability Has Been Consistently Lower for CBD/CDD Projects but Is Improving......Page 56
The Bank Has Attempted to Adapt Its Policies to Design and Implement CBD/CDD Projects......Page 61
Bank Capacity to Ensure Effective Implementation of CBD/CDD Interventions......Page 65
6 Conclusions......Page 69
7 Recommendations......Page 71
Annexes......Page 73
Annex A: Definition of “Community”......Page 75
Annex B: Results Chain for World Bank CDD Projects......Page 77
Annex C: World Bank Guidance on Key Design Principles for CDD......Page 79
Annex D: Study Framework, Methods, and Instruments......Page 83
Annex E: The Universe of CBD/CDD Projects and Its Distribution......Page 87
Annex F: Sample of CBD/CDD and CDD Projects......Page 91
Annex G: OED Ratings of Completed Projects......Page 97
Annex H: Focus on CBD/CDD and Related Aspects in Bank and Borrower Strategy......Page 101
Annex I: Central Government and Local Government Surveys......Page 105
Annex J: Efficiency......Page 109
Annex K: Nkayi District Formal and Informal Systems......Page 115
Annex L: Results of Bank Staff Survey......Page 117
Annex M: Methodology for Community-Level Data Collection and Analysis......Page 123
Annex N: Enhancing Community Capacities......Page 139
Annex O: Poverty Targeting......Page 161
Annex P: Evidence from Fieldwork on Sustainability......Page 163
Annex Q: Safeguard Thematic Study: A Summary......Page 167
Annex R: Advisory Committee Comments......Page 171
Annex S: Management Response......Page 179
Annex T: Chairman’s Summary: Committee on Development Effectiveness......Page 193
Endnotes......Page 197
References......Page 211
1.1: Primary Data Collection for the Evaluation of CBD/CDD Projects......Page 23
3.2: Highly Satisfactory Aspects of Design and Implementation in Selected CBD/CDD Projects......Page 37
3.3: Local Champions Can Effectively Use Bank CBD/CDD Funds: A Case from Ghana......Page 38
3.4: Example of Sophisticated Poverty Targeting in Two Recent Vietnam CDD Projects......Page 44
4.1: Inconsistent Strategies: The Road Sector Experience in Nepal......Page 52
4.2: Bank CDD Projects Have Added to the Proliferation of Municipal Councils in Rio Grande do Norte (Brazil)......Page 53
4.3: Why Formal Groups Do Not Last Long......Page 60
5.1: The Meaning of the Environmental Categories......Page 63
5.2: The Fiduciary Challenge: The Case of Vietnam......Page 64
5.3: Some Monitoring and Evaluation Features to Emulate: The Case of the Indonesia Kecamatan Development Project......Page 68
2.1b: Africa Has the Largest Share of Projects with CBD/CDD Approaches......Page 28
2.2: Communities Have More Responsibility in CDD Projects......Page 29
3.1: Outcome Ratings of CBD/CDD Projects Have Been Better Than Those of Non-CBD/CDD Projects......Page 32
3.2b: CBD/CDD Projects in Education and Social Protection Do Better Than Projects in Health and Rural Development......Page 33
3.3: CBD/CDD Is Increasingly Important in Country Programs......Page 34
3.4: Community Priorities Are Better Met When There Is Greater Choice......Page 36
3.5: Focus Groups Report Significant Decision Making by Local Leaders......Page 40
3.6: Subproject Cycle Is Too Short for Meaningful Enhancement of Community Capacity......Page 41
3.7: CBD/CDD Projects Cost the Bank More Than Non-CBD/CDD Projects......Page 46
4.1: Low-Income Countries Work with More Partners......Page 54
ES.1: Overview of CBD/CDD Strengths and Weaknesses......Page 14