دانلود کتاب The Historical and Philosophical Significance of Ayer’s Language, Truth and Logic

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Series Editor’s Foreword
Contents
Notes on Contributors
1: Introduction: From Spying to Canonizing—Ayer and His Language, Truth and Logic
1.1 Introduction
1.2 The Way to Language, Truth and Logic
1.2.1 A Few Months in Vienna
1.2.2 The Genesis of LTL
1.3 The Book of a Young Philosopher
1.3.1 The Content of LTL and Its Main Theses
1.3.2 The Controversy Surrounding the Significance and Influence of LTL
1.3.3 LTL and Its Representation of the Vienna Circle
References
Part I: The Book and Its Context
2: Language, Truth and Logic and the Anglophone Reception of the Vienna Circle
2.1 Introduction
2.2 An Anglocentric Provenance
2.3 Omissions Made by Ayer’s History of Logical Empiricism
2.3.1 Empiricism Versus Rationalism
2.3.2 The Long Nineteenth Century
2.3.3 The Neurath-Haller Thesis
2.3.4 Other Sources Ayer Does Not Mention
2.4 The Diversity Within Logical Empiricism
2.5 The Radicalized “Elimination” of Metaphysics?
2.6 Ayer’s Divergences from Carnap
2.7 The Aftermath
References
3: ‘Viennese Bombshells’: Reactions to Language, Truth and Logic from Ayer’s Philosophical Contemporaries
3.1 Introduction
3.2 J.L. Austin and Ordinary Language Philosophy
3.3 Arne Naess and Empirical Semantics
3.4 L. Susan Stebbing and Critical Thinking
3.5 Subsequent Developments
3.5.1 Philosophy
3.5.2 Linguistics
3.6 Conclusions
References
Part II: Philosophy of Language in LTL
4: Ayer on Analyticity
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Ayer’s Notion of Analyticity
4.3 Initial Observations
4.4 The Status of Definitions
4.5 Truth in Virtue of Meaning
4.6 A Famous Objection
4.7 Necessity and Linguistic Dispositions
4.8 Conclusion
References
5: Linguistic Analysis: Ayer and Early Ordinary Language Philosophy
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Origins of the Method of Linguistic Analysis
5.3 The Influence of the Tractatus
5.4 Ayer’s Logical Positivism
5.5 The Influence of Wittgenstein’s Later Views
5.6 Ordinary Language Philosophy
5.7 Ordinary Language Versus Ideal Language
References
Part III: Philosophy of Mind and Psychology
6: The Evolution of Ayer’s Views on the Mind-Body Relation
6.1 Introduction
6.2 The Phenomenalist Theory
6.2.1 The Relations Between Mental and Physical Events
6.2.2 Changes in Ayer’s Views on the Possibility of a Public Phenomenalistic Language
6.3 Interpreting the Psychophysical Relation in the Sophisticated Realist Framework
6.3.1 The Criticism of Physicalism
6.3.2 Ayer’s Positive Views
6.4 Summary and Conclusion
References
7: A Logical Positivist’s Progress: A Puzzle About Other Minds in Early Ayer Resolved
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The LTL Argument
7.3 The LTL Account According to Foundations
7.4 From the Original to the Official Version: Three Interpretations
7.4.1 No Puzzle
7.4.2 A Conflict of Verificationisms
7.4.3 A Change of Mind About Mind
7.5 Ayer on Logical Behaviorism 1936–1940
7.6 Ayer’s Verificationism 1936–1940
7.7 Further Developments
7.8 Stocktaking 1: The Puzzle Confirmed
7.9 Stocktaking 2: The Puzzle Contextualized
7.10 Stocktaking 3: The Puzzle Explained
7.11 Conclusion
References
Part IV: Epistemology and Truth
8: Ayer’s Verificationism: Dead as a Dodo?
8.1 The Importance of Verificationism in Language, Truth and Logic
8.2 What Is Verificationism?
8.3 The Criterion of Verifiability (CV)
8.4 Criteria of Verifiability
8.5 Weak Versus Strong Verifiability
8.6 Weak Verifiability
8.7 The Principle of Verification
8.8 LTL in Hindsight
References
9: Definition Versus Criterion: Ayer on the Problem of Truth and Validation
9.1 Introduction
9.2 The Definition and the Criterion of Truth and How They Are Connected
9.3 Ayer on the Tasks of a Theory of Truth and His Deflationism About (the Nature of) Truth
9.4 Ayer on Validation and His Place in the Protocol-Sentence Debate
9.5 Conclusion: How Can Ayer Be a Deflationist About the Nature of Truth and a Correspondentist About the Criterion of Truth?
References
Part V: Ethics and Values
10: Ayer and Berkeley on the Meaning of Ethical and Religious Language
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Ayer’s Emotivism
10.3 Berkeley’s Emotivism?
10.4 A Berkeleyan Reinterpretation of Ayer
References
11: Ayer’s Book of Errors and the Crises of Contemporary Western Culture
11.1 Introduction
11.2 The Immediate Impact of LTL in Britain
11.3 The Rise of Positivism in the United States
11.4 The Crises of Contemporary Western Culture
11.5 How Did We Get Here? Proximal and Distal Causes of the Crisis
11.6 The Significance of Language, Truth and Logic
References
Index