دانلود کتاب The Meroitic language and writing system

فهرست مطالب :

Cover THE MEROITIC LANGUAGE AND WRITING SYSTEM Title Copyright Contents Maps, Figures, and Tables Preface I Introduction: History and Texts A. HISTORICAL SETTING B. PREVIOUS RESEARCH C. HISTORY OF THE MEROITIC LANGUAGE AND SCRIPT 1. The Script D. PHONETIC VALUES AND THE PHONOLOGICAL SYSTEM E. FUNERARY INSCRIPTIONS OR EPITAPHS 1. Invocation 2. Nomination 3. Filiation 4. Description 5. Description of Relatives 6. Formulas of mlo-l-o 7. Benedictions a. Formulas A to X Formula A Formula B Formula C Formula C Formula D Formula E Formula F Formula G Formula H Formula I Formula J Formula K Formula L Formula X b. The Order of the Benedictions 8. ROYAL TEXTS 9. ICONOGRAPHIC TEXTS 10. PROSCYNEMES AND GRAFFITI 11. COMMEMORATIONS OF FUNERARY OFFERINGS 12. SPELLS 13. ORACULAR AMULETIC DECREES 14. INSCRIPTIONS OF DEDICATIONS 15. OSTRACA WITH NUMBERS II Meroitic Writing A. THE SYLLABIC NATURE OF THE SCRIPT B. CONVENTIONS 1. Vowels in Initial Position 2. Vowel Series and the Notation of Long Vowels 3. Notation of Diphthongs 4. Consonant Clusters and the Elision of Nasals 5. Haplography 6. Word Separation 7. Orthographic Variations C. ORTHOGRAPHIC MISTAKES D. GRAPHIC INCOMPATIBILITY AND READING MISTAKES E. PALEOGRAPHY 1. The Paleographic Description of the Cursive Script 2. Form and Evolution of the Hieroglyphic Signs 3. The Paleographic Tables and the Dating of Texts 4. Additional Signs 5. Numerals 6. Units of Measurement III Linguistic Affiliation A. THE FIRST HYPOTHESES B. THE NILO-SAHARAN HYPOTHESIS C. THE NILO-SAHARAN LANGUAGES 1. Songhay (Songhai, Songay, Sonay) 2. Saharan 3. Maba 4. Fur (or For, Called “Kondjara” in the North) 5. Eastern Sudanic a. North Eastern Sudanic i. Nubian Group ii. Taman Group iii. Nara iv. Nyima Group b. South Eastern Sudanic i. Surmic ii. Jebel iii. Temein iv. Daju (or Dadjo) v. Nilotic WESTERN NILOTIC Northern Group Luo Group Dinka-Nuer Group EASTERN NILOTIC Bari Lotuko-Maa Group Teso-Turkana Group SOUTHERN NILOTIC Omotik-Datoga Group Kalenjin Group 6. Central Sudanic a. Sara-Bagirmi Group i. Subgroup Sara i. Subgroup Sara b. Bongo c. Modo-Baka Group d. Moru-Madi Group e. Mangbutu-Éfé Group f. Mangbetu-Asua Group g. Kresh-Aja Group h. Lendu Group 7. Berta 8. Kunama 9. Koman 10. Gumuz 11. Kuliak 12. Kado 13. Shabo (?) D. LEXICAL CORRESPONDENCES 1. Supplementary Correspondences IV Meroitic Phonology: Meroitic Phonology: Facts and Reconstruction A. THE CONSONANT SYSTEM 1. Stops or Plosives a. Bilabials b. Apicals: The Problem of Prenasalization c. Velars: Labialized Velars 2. Fricatives a. Apical /s/ b. Velars 3. Approximants a. Lateral /l/ b. Palatal /y/ (?) c. Labiovelar /w/ 4. Trill /r/ 5. Nasals a. Bilabial /m/ b. Apical /n/ and Possible Other Nasals B. THE VOWEL SYSTEM 1. The Phoneme /a/ 2. The Schwa /ә/ 3. The Phoneme /e/ 4. The Phoneme /i/ 5. The Phoneme /u/ 6. The Understanding of the Vocalic System C. PHONETIC CORRESPONDENCES V Grammar: Facts and Hypotheses A. GENERAL STRUCTURE 1. Segmentation of the Elements: What Is Separated by the Separator? 2. General Typology of the Meroitic Language 3. Problems with Identifying the Grammatical Categories 4. The Nominal or Noun Phrase a. The Determinant b. The Forms of the Determinant c. The Historical Derivation of the Determinant d. The Roles of the Determinant e. Other Possible Determinants 5. The Adjective 6. The Apposition 7. The Genitive a. The Synthetic Genitive b. The Analytic Genitive 8. The Use of the Two Genitives 9. The Genitive Alternative with -o 10. The Suffix -(y)ose 11. The Locative 12. The Plural of Nouns a. The Historical Derivation of the Suffix Plural -b- 13. The Vocative 14. Case Markers and Postpositions 15. The Pronominal Object Suffix -x(e)/-bxe (“Verbal Dative”) 16. Postpositions B. THE PRESENTATIVE CONSTRUCTION 1. The Presentative Construction without Topicalization 2. The Copula -o/-kwi 3. Presentative Clauses with Topicalization 4. Pronouns and Complex Pronouns 5. Verbal Morphology 6. The Verbal Structures 7. The Negative Marker m- 8. Coordination and Subordination VI Conclusions Glossary List of the Rulers of Kush Appendix References Author Index Subject Index