دانلود کتاب The Netter collection of medical illustrations

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Front cover Title page Copyright page ABOUT THE SERIES ABOUT THE EDITOR PREFACE ABOUT THE ARTIST FROM THE FIRST EDITION INTRODUCTION TO THE FIRST EDITION ADVISORY BOARD Table of contents SECTION 1: PITUITARY AND HYPOTHALAMUS DEVELOPMENT OF THE PITUITARY GLAND DIVISIONS OF THE PITUITARY GLAND AND RELATIONSHIP TO THE HYPOTHALAMUS BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE PITUITARY GLAND ANATOMY AND RELATIONSHIPS OF THE PITUITARY GLAND RELATIONSHIP OF THE PITUITARY GLAND TO THE CAVERNOUS SINUS RELATIONSHIPS OF THE SELLA TURCICA ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES AND FEEDBACK CONTROL POSTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND MANIFESTATIONS OF SUPRASELLAR DISEASE CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA EFFECTS OF PITUITARY TUMORS ON THE VISUAL APPARATUS NONTUMOROUS LESIONS OF THE PITUITARY GLAND AND PITUITARY STALK PITUITARY ANTERIOR LOBE DEFICIENCY IN CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE IN BOYS PITUITARY ANTERIOR LOBE DEFICIENCY IN ADULTS SELECTIVE AND PARTIAL HYPOPITUITARISM SEVERE ANTERIOR PITUITARY DEFICIENCY OR PANHYPOPITUITARISM POSTPARTUM PITUITARY INFARCTION (SHEEHAN SYNDROME) PITUITARY APOPLEXY PITUITARY GIGANTISM ACROMEGALY PROLACTIN-SECRETING PITUITARY TUMOR CORTICOTROPIN-SECRETING PITUITARY TUMOR NELSON SYNDROME CLINICALLY NONFUNCTIONING PITUITARY TUMOR SECRETION AND ACTION OF OXYTOCIN SECRETION AND ACTION OF VASOPRESSIN CENTRAL DIABETES INSIPIDUS LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS IN CHILDREN LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS IN ADULTS TUMORS METASTATIC TO THE PITUITARY SURGICAL APPROACHES TO THE PITUITARY SECTION 2: THYROID ANATOMY OF THE THYROID AND PARATHYROID GLANDS DEVELOPMENT OF THE THYROID AND PARATHYROID GLANDS PHARYNX THYROID GLAND PARATHYROID AND THYMUS GLANDS CONGENITAL ANOMALIES OF THE THYROID GLAND EFFECTS OF THYROTROPIN ON THE THYROID GLAND PHYSIOLOGY OF THYROID HORMONES GRAVES DISEASE GRAVES OPHTHALMOPATHY THYROID PATHOLOGY IN GRAVES DISEASE CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF TOXIC ADENOMA AND TOXIC MULTINODULAR GOITER PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF TOXIC ADENOMA AND TOXIC MULTINODULAR GOITER CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF HYPOTHYROIDISM IN ADULTS SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS ETIOLOGY TREATMENT CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM EUTHYROID GOITER GROSS PATHOLOGY OF GOITER ETIOLOGY OF NONTOXIC GOITER CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC THYROIDITIS AND FIBROUS THYROIDITIS CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC (HASHIMOTO) THYROIDITIS FIBROUS (RIEDEL) THYROIDITIS SUBACUTE THYROIDITIS PAPILLARY THYROID CARCINOMA FOLLICULAR THYROID CARCINOMA MEDULLARY THYROID CARCINOMA HüRTHLE CELL THYROID CARCINOMA ANAPLASTIC THYROID CARCINOMA TUMORS METASTATIC TO THE THYROID SECTION 3: ADRENAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE ADRENAL GLANDS ANATOMY AND BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE ADRENAL GLANDS SURGICAL APPROACHES TO THE ADRENAL GLANDS INNERVATION OF THE ADRENAL GLANDS HISTOLOGY OF THE ADRENAL GLANDS BIOSYNTHESIS AND METABOLISM OF ADRENAL CORTICAL HORMONES THE BIOLOGIC ACTIONS OF CORTISOL CARBOHYDRATE, PROTEIN, AND LIPID METABOLISM SKIN, MUSCLE, AND CONNECTIVE TISSUES BONE AND CALCIUM METABOLISM BLOOD PRESSURE CONTROL ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIONS CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AND EYES GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT ENDOCRINE EFFECTS CUSHING SYNDROME—CLINICAL FINDINGS TESTS USED IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF CUSHING SYNDROME CASE-DETECTION TESTING CONFIRMATORY TESTING SUBTYPE TESTING CUSHING SYNDROME: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE–DEPENDENT CUSHING SYNDROME ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE–INDEPENDENT CUSHING SYNDROME CUSHING SYNDROME CAUSED BY PRIMARY PIGMENTED NODULAR ADRENOCORTICAL DISEASE MAJOR BLOCKS IN ABNORMAL STEROIDOGENESIS I. CONGENITAL LIPOID HYPERPLASIA II. 3β-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY III. 17α-HYDROXYLASE DEFICIENCY IV. 21-HYDROXYLASE DEFICIENCY V. 11β-HYDROXYLASE DEFICIENCY CLASSIC CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA CONGENITAL LIPOID HYPERPLASIA 3β-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY 17α-HYDROXYLASE DEFICIENCY 21-HYDROXYLASE DEFICIENCY 11β-HYDROXYLASE DEFICIENCY APPARENT MINERALOCORTICOID EXCESS THE BIOLOGIC ACTIONS OF ADRENAL ANDROGENS ADULT ANDROGENITAL SYNDROMES LATE-ONSET (NONCLASSIC) CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA FAMILIAL GLUCOCORTICOID RESISTANCE ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE–DEPENDENT CUSHING SYNDROME ANDROGEN-SECRETING ADRENAL NEOPLASMS THE BIOLOGIC ACTIONS OF ALDOSTERONE PRIMARY ALDOSTERONISM ADRENAL VENOUS SAMPLING FOR PRIMARY ALDOSTERONISM RENIN–ANGIOTENSIN–ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM AND RENOVASCULAR HYPERTENSION ACUTE ADRENAL FAILURE—ADRENAL CRISIS CHRONIC PRIMARY ADRENAL FAILURE—ADDISON DISEASE LABORATORY FINDINGS AND TREATMENT OF PRIMARY ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY LABORATORY FINDINGS AND TREATMENT OF SECONDARY ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY ADRENAL MEDULLA AND CATECHOLAMINES CATECHOLAMINE SYNTHESIS, STORAGE, SECRETION, METABOLISM, AND INACTIVATION CATECHOLAMINE SYNTHESIS CATECHOLAMINE STORAGE AND SECRETION CATECHOLAMINE METABOLISM AND INACTIVATION PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA AND PARAGANGLIOMA TUMORS METASTATIC TO THE ADRENAL GLANDS SECTION 4: REPRODUCTION DIFFERENTIATION OF GONADS FACTORS INFLUENCING NORMAL AND ABNORMAL GONADAL DIFFERENTIATION STAGES IN GONADAL DIFFERENTIATION DIFFERENTIATION OF GENITAL DUCTS DIFFERENTIATION OF EXTERNAL GENITALIA TESTOSTERONE AND ESTROGEN SYNTHESIS NORMAL PUBERTY TIMING OF PUBERTY FEMALE PUBERTY MALE PUBERTY PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY GONADOTROPIN-DEPENDENT PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY GONADOTROPIN-INDEPENDENT PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY INCOMPLETE PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION AND TREATMENT DISORDERS OF SEX DEVELOPMENT CLASSIFICATION CHROMOSOMAL SEX GONADAL SEX PHENOTYPIC SEX PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SEX CHROMOSOME DISORDERS OF SEX DEVELOPMENT 46,XX DISORDERS OF SEX DEVELOPMENT 46,XY DISORDERS OF SEX DEVELOPMENT EVALUATION AND TREATMENT ERRORS IN CHROMOSOMAL SEX KLINEFELTER SYNDROME TURNER SYNDROME (GONADAL DYSGENESIS) HIRSUTISM AND VIRILIZATION EVALUATION OF WOMEN WITH HIRSUTISM INFLUENCE OF GONADAL HORMONES ON THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE FROM BIRTH TO OLD AGE FUNCTIONAL AND PATHOLOGIC CAUSES OF UTERINE BLEEDING GYNECOMASTIA PHYSIOLOGIC STATES PATHOLOGIC CONDITIONS GALACTORRHEA SECTION 5: PANCREAS PANCREAS ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY EXOCRINE FUNCTIONS OF THE PANCREAS NORMAL HISTOLOGY OF PANCREATIC ISLETS INSULIN SECRETION ACTIONS OF INSULIN GLYCOLYSIS TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE GLYCOGEN METABOLISM GLYCOGENESIS GLYCOGENOLYSIS REGULATION OF GLYCOGENESIS AND GLYCOGENOLYSIS CONSEQUENCES OF INSULIN DEPRIVATION DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS TREATMENT TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS CLINICAL PRESENTATION TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS DIABETIC RETINOPATHY NONPROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY MACULAR EDEMA COMPLICATIONS OF PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY DIABETIC NEUROPATHY FOCAL NEUROPATHIES PROXIMAL MOTOR NEUROPATHIES DISTAL SYMMETRIC POLYNEUROPATHY AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHY ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN DIABETES CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REDUCTION VASCULAR INSUFFICIENCY IN DIABETES: THE DIABETIC FOOT DIABETES MELLITUS IN PREGNANCY TREATMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS NONPHARMACOLOGIC THERAPY PHARMACOTHERAPY INITIAL APPROACH TO MEDICAL MANAGEMENT TREATMENT OF TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS MONOMERIC INSULIN ANALOGUES LONG-ACTING INSULIN ANALOGUES AMYLIN ANALOGUES CONTINUOUS SUBCUTANEOUS INSULIN INFUSION AND MULTIPLE DAILY INJECTIONS INSULINOMA PRIMARY PANCREATIC β-CELL HYPERPLASIA CONGENITAL HYPERINSULINISM NONINSULINOMA PANCREATOGENOUS HYPOGLYCEMIA SYNDROME AND POST–GASTRIC BYPASS HYPOGLYCEMIA EVALUATION SECTION 6: BONE AND CALCIUM HISTOLOGY OF THE NORMAL PARATHYROID GLANDS PHYSIOLOGY OF THE PARATHYROID GLANDS BONE REMODELING UNIT RESORPTION REVERSAL FORMATION DEFECTIVE BONE REMODELING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM PATHOLOGY AND CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM TESTS FOR THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF THE CAUSES OF HYPERCALCEMIA PARATHYROID HORMONE–MEDIATED HYPERCALCEMIA NON–PARATHYROID HORMONE–MEDIATED HYPERCALCEMIA OTHER CAUSES OF APPARENT HYPERCALCEMIA RENAL OSTEODYSTROPHY HISTOLOGY OF THE PARATHYROID GLANDS IN HYPERPARATHYROIDISM PARATHYROID ADENOMA PRIMARY CHIEF CELL HYPERPLASIA PRIMARY CLEAR CELL HYPERPLASIA SECONDARY PARATHYROID GLAND HYPERPLASIA CARCINOMA PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HYPOPARATHYROIDISM GENETIC CAUSES OF HYPOPARATHYROIDISM PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYROIDISM—HYPOCALCEMIA DESPITE A HIGH SERUM PARATHYROID HORMONE CONCENTRATION CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF ACUTE HYPOCALCEMIA PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYROIDISM PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYROIDISM TYPE 1 PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYROIDISM TYPE 2 CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYROIDISM TYPE 1A PATHOGENESIS OF OSTEOPOROSIS OSTEOPOROSIS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN TREATMENT OSTEOPOROSIS IN MEN TREATMENT CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF OSTEOPOROTIC VERTEBRAL COMPRESSION FRACTURES EVALUATION AND TREATMENT NUTRITIONAL-DEFICIENCY RICKETS AND OSTEOMALACIA TREATMENT PSEUDOVITAMIN D–DEFICIENCY RICKETS AND OSTEOMALACIA TYPE 1 PSEUDOVITAMIN D–DEFICIENT RICKETS: RENAL 1α-HYDROXYLASE DEFICIENCY TYPE 2 PSEUDOVITAMIN D–DEFICIENT RICKETS: HEREDITARY VITAMIN D–RESISTANT RICKETS HYPOPHOSPHATEMIC RICKETS X-LINKED HYPOPHOSPHATEMIC RICKETS TUMOR-INDUCED OSTEOMALACIA CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF RICKETS IN CHILDHOOD CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF OSTEOMALACIA IN ADULTS PAGET DISEASE OF THE BONE EVALUATION PATHOGENESIS AND TREATMENT OF PAGET DISEASE OF THE BONE OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA TREATMENT HYPOPHOSPHATASIA SECTION 7: LIPIDS AND NUTRITION CHOLESTEROL SYNTHESIS AND METABOLISM GASTROINTESTINAL ABSORPTION OF CHOLESTEROL AND TRIGLYCERIDES REGULATION OF LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR AND CHOLESTEROL CONTENT HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN METABOLISM AND REVERSE CHOLESTEROL TRANSPORT HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC XANTHOMATOSIS FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA—LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR MUTATIONS FAMILIAL DEFECTIVE APOLIPOPROTEIN B100 SITOSTEROLEMIA AND CEREBROTENDINOUS XANTHOMATOSIS ABETALIPOPROTEINEMIA AND TANGIER DISEASE ABETALIPOPROTEINEMIA TANGIER DISEASE HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE DEFICIENCY APOLIPOPROTEIN CII DEFICIENCY FAMILIAL HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA TREATMENT ATHEROSCLEROSIS ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK FACTORS HYPERLIPIDEMIA HYPERTENSION DIABETES MELLITUS CIGARETTE SMOKING METABOLIC SYNDROME MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF LIPID-LOWERING AGENTS CHOLESTEROL ABSORPTION INHIBITORS STATINS BILE ACID SEQUESTRANTS NICOTINIC ACID FIBRIC ACIDS FISH OIL TREATMENT OF HYPERLIPIDEMIA PRIMARY PREVENTION SECONDARY PREVENTION RAISING HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA MONITORING ABSORPTION OF ESSENTIAL VITAMINS WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS VITAMIN B1 DEFICIENCY: BERIBERI BERIBERI WERNICKE-KORSAKOFF SYNDROME DIAGNOSIS PREVENTION VITAMIN B3 DEFICIENCY: PELLAGRA DIAGNOSIS PREVENTION VITAMIN C DEFICIENCY: SCURVY DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT PREVENTION VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT PREVENTION CELIAC DISEASE AND MALABSORPTION DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION TREATMENT LYSOSOMAL STORAGE DISORDERS: SPHINGOLIPIDOSES TAY-SACHS DISEASE NIEMANN-PICK DISEASE GAUCHER DISEASE METACHROMATIC LEUKODYSTROPHY FABRY DISEASE ANOREXIA NERVOSA OBESITY EVALUATION TREATMENT SURGICAL TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR OBESITY SECTION 8: GENETICS AND ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 1 MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 2 MEDULLARY THYROID CARCINOMA PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM CUTANEOUS LICHEN AMYLOIDOSIS HIRSCHSPRUNG DISEASE GENETICS VON HIPPEL–LINDAU SYNDROME NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE 1 (VON RECKLINGHAUSEN DISEASE) CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF AUTOIMMUNE POLYGLANDULAR SYNDROME TYPE 1 CARCINOID SYNDROME GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS REFERENCES Section 1: Pituitary and Hypothalamus Section 2: Thyroid Section 3: Adrenal Section 4: Reproduction Section 5: Pancreas Section 6: Bone and Calcium Section 7: Lipids and Nutrition Section 8: Genetics and Endocrine Neoplasia INDEX