دانلود کتاب The New Day of Atonement: A Matthean Typology

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Cover
Titel
Preface
Table of Content
Introduction
A. Method
B. Procedure
Chapter 1: Status Quaestionis on Yom Kippur in the Passion Narrative and Atonement in the Gospel of Matthew
A. Jesus as the Scapegoat of Leviticus 16
I. John Dominic Crossan
II. Helmut Koester
III. Evaluation
B. Jesus as Pharmakos-Scapegoat
I. Adela Yarbro Collins
II. Richard E. DeMaris
III. Evaluation
C. Jesus and Barabbas, the Two Goats of Leviticus 16
I. Albert Wratislaw
II. Daniel Stökl Ben Ezra
III. Jennifer K. Berenson (Maclean)
IV. Evaluation
D. Alternative Approaches to Atonement in the Gospel of Matthew
I. Jesus as the Suffering Servant in Matthew
II. Jesus’s Death in Light of Matthew’s Metaphors for Sin
III. Jesus’s Death as the New Exodus and Paschal Defeat of Dark Powers
IV. Jesus’s Death as a Matter of Innocent Blood in Matthew
V. Other Views on Atonement in the Gospel of Matthew
E. Conclusion
Chapter 2: Overview of Leviticus 16 and Yom Kippur Traditions in Early Judaism and Christianity
A. Leviticus 16: An Overview of Critical Issues and a Summary of the Biblical Yom Kippur Ritual
B. Apocalyptic Yom Kippur Traditions
I. The Book of Watchers (1 Enoch 1–36)
II. 4Q180–181
III. The Book of Giants
IV. The Apocalypse of Abraham
C. Additional Yom Kippur Traditions in Second Temple Judaism
I. The Book of Zechariah
II. The Book of Jubilees
III. 11QMelchizedek
IV. Yom Kippur at Qumran
V. Heavenly Ascents in the Yom Kippur Imaginaire
D. Extra-Biblical Scapegoat Rituals in Second Temple Tradition
E. Yom Kippur Christologies in the New Testament
I. The Pauline Letters
II. The Epistle to the Hebrews
III. The Book of Revelation
F. Yom Kippur Christologies Early Christianity
I. The Epistle of Barnabas
II. Justin Martyr
III. Tertullian
IV. Hippolytus
V. Origen
VI. Jerome
VII. The First Commentary on Mark
G. Conclusion
Chapter 3: Jesus, Barabbas, and the Crowd as Actors in Matthew’s Day of Atonement Typology (Matt 27:15–26)
A. Matthew’s Innocent–Blood Discourse and the Watchers Tradition
B. The Yom Kippur Typology in Matt 27:15–26
I. The Similarity of the Two Goats
II. The Opposing Designations of the Two Goats
III. The Priestly Lottery between the Two Goats
IV. The Sending of the Scapegoat to Azazel
V. Transference of Iniquity by Ritual Hand-action and Confession
Excursus: The Crowd as Azazel or the Lot of Azazel?
VI. Banishment and Inhabitation in a Wilderness
VII. The Inheritance of Iniquity and a Curse
C. Anti-Judaism and Matthew’s Yom Kippur Typology
D. Conclusion
Chapter 4: Jesus as Scapegoat in the Roman-Abuse Scene (Matt 27:27–31)
A. The Cultural Background of Jesus’s Roman Mockery Reconsidered
I. Ancient Games
II. Theatrical Mimes
III. Historical Incidents
IV. Carnival Festivals
V. Conclusion
B. Jesus’s Roman Abuse as Ancient Elimination Rite
I. Threatening Crisis and the Victim’s Marginal Status
II. The Victim’s Designation and Transformation
III. The Victim’s Abuse and Exit from the Community
IV. The Roman-abuse Scene as Elimination Ritual
C. The Christological Scapegoat Typology in Matthew 27
I. The Scapegoat Is Adorned with a Scarlet Garment
II. Sins Are Placed upon the Scapegoat’s Head
III. The Scapegoat Is Severely Abused
IV. The Scapegoat Is Bound Twice
V. The Scapegoat Is Stripped of its Garment before its Demise
VI. The Scapegoat Is Escorted from the City by a Handler
VII. The Scapegoat Undergoes a Two-stage Removal
VIII. The Scapegoat’s Exile Engenders Eschatological Restoration
IX. The Scapegoat Is Sealed in the Earth
X. Conclusion
D. The Atoning Crown of the Priest-King
I. Matthew’s Allusion to Zech 6:11, 13 LXX
II. Joshua’s Crown (Zech 6:11) as Priestly Diadem
III. Matthew’s High Priest Typology in the Roman-abuse Scene
E. Conclusion
Chapter 5: A New Day of Atonement: Jesus as the Two Goats of Yom Kippur
A. Jesus as Goat for Yahweh (Matt 27:50–51a)
I. The Velum Scissum as Dual Temple Portent
II. Cultic Background of Jesus’s Death (Matt 26:28)
III. Matthew’s Parody of Priestly Expiation (Matt 27:3–10)
IV. The Priestly Offering of Jesus’s πνεῦμα (Lifeforce) beyond the Veil
B. Jesus as Goat for Azazel (Matt 27:51b–53)
I. Jesus’s Death as Binary Movement of the Goats of Yom Kippur
II. Matthew’s Jonah Typology and Jesus’s Descent to Hades
III. Jesus as Both Goats at his Baptism and Temptation (Matt 3:13–4:11)
C. Conclusion
Conclusion
A. Gauging the Strength of the Yom Kippur Typology in Matthew 27
B. New Insights into Matthew’s Yom Kippur Typology
C. Matthew’s Theology of Atonement in Light of his Yom Kippur Typology
Bibliography
Index of Ancient Sources
Index of Authors
Index of Subjects