دانلود کتاب The Origins of Chinese Writing

فهرست مطالب :

Cover\nThe Origins of Chinese Writing\nCopyright\nDedication\nContents\nList of Figures\nAcknowledgements\nChronology of China\nIntroduction\n 0.1 Origins of Chinese Writing: The Scope of This Research\n 0.2 Theory\n 0.3 The Debate on the Origin of Chinese Writing: Dynamics and Timing\n 0.4 Archaeology and Textual Sources\n 0.5 Goals and Limits\n 0.6 Organization of the Book\n 0.7 A Note on Terminology\n 0.8 On Phonetic Transcriptions\n 0.9 Translations\nPart I Theories and Philosophies of Writing\n 1. The Nature of Chinese Writing\n 1.1 Logographs and Ideographs\n 1.2 Monosyllabism and Beyond\n 1.3 Reading Chinese Characters\n 1.4 Structure of Chinese Characters\n 1.5 Types of Characters (Orthography)\n 1.6 Polysemy, Homographs, and Allographs\n 1.7 Languages, Writing, and Diglossia\n 2. Traditions of Inquiry on Language and Writing\n 2.1 Philosophers on Language and Writing: The European Tradition\n 2.2 Language and Writing: Zhou Philosophers and the Chinese Tradition\n 2.3 Early Etymological and Philological Enquiries: Erya and Shuowen jiezi\n 2.4 Traditional Narratives on the Origins of Writing\n 2.5 The Origins of Chinese Writing According to the Shuowen jiezi\n 2.6 Fuxi and the Trigrams of the Yijing\n 2.7 Shennong and Rope Knotting\n 2.8 Huangdi’s Minister Cangjie Creates the First Signs\n 2.9 Myth on the Origins of Writing and History\n 3. What Is Writing?\n 3.1 Verba Volant Scripta Manent\n 3.2 What Is Writing? Visual Representation, Metrology, Language\n 3.3 Imagery and Writing: Overlappings\n 3.4 Rock Art, Pre-​historic Art: Signs, Scenes, and Narratives\n 3.5 Early Writing and Numbers\n 3.6 Early Writing and Language Recording\n 3.7 Writing’s Origins: Evolution or Invention?\n 3.8 Origins of Chinese Writing: Looking at the Earliest Signs\n 3.9 Conclusions\nPart II The Neolithic Evidence\n 4. Early and Middle Neolithic Signs to the Fourth Millennium BCE\n 4.1 The Neolithic Scenario\n 4.2 The Paleolithic—​Neolithic Transition\n 4.3 The Early Neolithic (8000–​5000 BCE): Archaeology and Signs\n 4.3.1 Jiahu: Early signs in the Yellow River Valley?\n 4.4 Fifth to Fourth Millennium BCE: Middle Neolithic Signs\n 4.5 Early Symbols in the Yangzi River Valley: Hemudu and Songze\n 4.6 Shuangdun Pictorial Signs on Pottery\n 4.7 Signs in the Middle Yangzi Three Gorges and Adjacent Areas: Daxi (Daixi)\n 4.8 The Middle Yellow and Wei River Valleys: Yangshao and Its Signs\n 4.8.1 Marks on pottery at Yangshao sites\n 4.8.2 Yangshao marks: Previous interpretations\n 4.8.3 Yangshao signs: Conclusions\n 4.9 Middle and Upper Yellow River Valley Painted Pottery Designs\n 4.10 Gansu and Qinghai Area Signs: Dadiwan, Majiayao, Banshan, Machang\n 4.11 The Liao River Valley: Hongshan Tri-​dimensional Signs\n 4.11.1 Hongshan sites\n 4.11.2 Hongshan jades\n 4.12 Conclusions\n 5. The Third Millennium BCE: Late Neolithic Sign Systems\n 5.1 The Late Neolithic (3000–​2300 BCE) and the Longshan Transition (2300–​1900 BCE)\n 5.2 The Lower Yellow River Valley and Coastal Areas: Dawenkou\n 5.2.1 Dawenkou sites with graphs\n 5.2.2 Dawenkou graphs: Structural analysis\n 5.2.3 Dawenkou signs: The archaeological evidence\n 5.3 The Lower Yangzi River Valley and Delta Area: Liangzhu\n 5.3.1 Inscribed Liangzhu jades: Collections and provenance\n 5.3.2 Liangzhu jade graphs: Structure, types, and previous interpretations\n 5.3.3 Liangzhu graphs: Meanings and functions\n 5.3.4 Liangzhu emblems and decorations: The double-​face\n 5.3.5 Liangzhu pottery marks\n 5.3.6 Liangzhu signs: Conclusions\n 5.4 The Jiang-Han and Dongting Areas: Qujialing and Shijiahe (c. 3200–​2000 BCE)\n 5.4.1 Qujialing and Shijiahe graphs\n 5.4.2 Shijiahe graphs: Analysis\n 5.5 The Middle and Lower Yellow River Valleys: Shandong Longshan and Adjacent Sites\n 5.5.1 Chengziyai\n 5.5.2 Some controversial “Longshan” material\n 5.5.3 Longshan era pot-​marks beyond Shandong\n 5.6 The Fen River Valley: The City of Taosi\n 5.7 Conclusion: A Late Neolithic Graphic Community\nPart III The Bronze Age Evidence\n 6. The Second Millennium BCE: Early and Middle Bronze Age Writing\n 6.1 Bridging the Evidence: From Late Neolithic to Bronze Age Signs\n 6.2 Bronze Age: The Archaeological Record\n 6.3 Sign Making during Early Bronze Age: Erlitou\n 6.4 Writing in the Middle Bronze Age: Shang and Beyond\n 6.4.1 Early to Late Shang period pottery graphs\n 6.4.2 Meaning and function of Bronze Age pottery graphs\n 6.5 Shang Ritual Bronzes and Their Inscriptions\n 6.5.1 Ritual bronzes: Origin, function, decorations\n 6.5.2 The making of ritual bronzes and bronze inscriptions\n 6.5.3 Jinwen: Emblem graphs and standard script\n 6.5.4 Early and Middle Shang bronze inscriptions\n 6.5.5 Late Shang bronze inscriptions\n 6.5.6 Taotie, kui, long and other bronze decorations\n 6.6 Shang Inscriptions on Shells and Bones: Oracle Bones and Beyond\n 6.6.1 Bone preparations and divination procedures\n 6.6.2 The practice of bone writing\n 6.6.3 Divinatory inscriptions\n 6.6.4 Non-​divinatory shell and bone texts: Bureaucratic records and writing instruction\n 6.6.5 Shang sites with shell and bone inscriptions\n 6.7 Late Shang Inscriptions on Jade and Stone\n 6.8 Conclusions\n 7. Characteristics of Shang Writing\n 7.1 Number of Graphs and Types\n 7.2 Structures: Simple and Compound Graphs\n 7.3 Ancient Phonology\n 7.4 Contractions and Shorthand Practices\n 7.5 Extensions of Meaning, Phonetic Loans, and Semanto-​phonetic Compounds\n 7.6 Script Development and Variant Forms\n 7.7 Grammar and Word Classes\n 7.8 Numerals and Numerical Systems\n 7.9 Lexicon\n 7.10 Direction of Script, Orientation of Characters, and Calligraphy\n 7.11 Literacy During the Bronze Age\n 7.12 Conclusions\n 8. The Origins of Chinese Writing\n 8.1 The Emergence of Writing in China: The Neolithic\n 8.2 Late Neolithic Interactions\n 8.3 Urbanism and Sociopolitical Complexity\n 8.4 Transition into the Bronze Age: Long Distance Trade, Agriculture, and the Calendar\n 8.5 Writing in the Bronze Age: Presence and Absence\n 8.6 King Wuding, Divination, and the Surge of Late Shang Writing\n 8.7 Conclusions: The Materiality of Writing\nReferences\nIndex