دانلود کتاب The Ottomans 1700-1923: An Empire Besieged

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Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Contents
Figures
Maps
Acknowledgements
Chronology
Maps 0.1-0.5
Introduction: The Ottomans 1700-1923: An empire besieged
Notes
Part I: The Ottoman World pre-1800
1. Imperial crisis in the Eurasian context
The northern arc from Belgrade to Azov
Border societies in the Danube region
Eastern border strategies—Persia
The southern frontier: Egypt, Arabia, the Gulf and Mesopotamia
Mediterranean strategies: the western frontier
Istanbul (Constantinople): Gate of Felicity
Topkapı: the imperial household
Observing the Ottoman House: Luigi Marsigli, Osman Agha of Temeşvar and Lady Wortley Montagu
Notes
Further reading
2. The Ottoman system circa 1700
The Ottoman difference
Austro-Russian-Ottoman imperial strategies
The Ottoman military system
Provincial forces: sipahis
Political households and elites
Distribution of wealth/Ottoman economic system
Stalemate and illusions 1700-1760s
Imperial collapse 1768-1800
Questioning the Ottoman House: Ibrahim Müteferrika, Comte de Vergennes and Ahmed Resmi Efendi
Notes
Further reading
Special studies
Part II: The revolutionary moment 1800-1840
3. Selim III and the Ottoman revolution
The crisis deepens
The new critics
Selim III\'s new order (Nizâm-ı Cedid)
A new army and navy
Spreading the word
New order expansion beyond Istanbul
Radical diplomacy
Napoleon\'s invasion of Egypt
The revolutionary moment: The final challenge to Selim III
Challenging the Ottoman House: Ahmed Vasıf Efendi, Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti, Canikli Ali Pasha
Notes
Further Reading
Special Studies
4. Mahmud II: An Ottoman \"Reign of Terror\"
The problem
Sened-i İttifak: The Deed of Agreement
The Treaty of Bucharest
Confronting rebellion: Serbia
The Reign of Terror
The Greek revolt 1821-1827
Great power intervention and Navarino 1827
Mehmed Ali Pasha and the transformation of Egypt
Splintering the Ottoman House: Mustafa Vasfı Efendi of Kabud; Ali Pasha of Ioannina; Bashibozuks
Notes
Further Reading
On Mahmud II\'s reign
Special Studies
Part III: The new Muslim absolutism 1840-1870
5. The great transformation
The auspicious occasion, 1826
The realities of reconstruction
Further conflict and intervention by the great powers
Treaty of Adrianople 1829
Mehmed Ali\'s invasion of Syria
Empire-wide resistance to Mahmud II intensifies
A return to the Eastern Question
Further reforms
Creation of the system of reserves (Redif)
The 1838 Anglo-Ottoman Agreement
Presenting the Ottoman House: Hüsrev Pasha and Mustafa Reşid Pasha.
Notes
Further Reading
Special studies
6. Imperial survival: the Crimean War
The state of play
Subduing Mehmed Ali of Egypt 1839-1841
Tanzimat reforms continued 1840-1850
1843 military regulations
Restoration and reform in greater Syria
Military administration in the Arab Provinces
Impact of the Tanzimat on the Northern Arc
Menshikov Mission
The Ottomans Declare War
Competing imperial visions on the battlefield
The siege of Kars
Muslim constitutionalism reasserted
Defending the Ottoman House: Zarif Mustafa Pasha; Ömer Pasha, Generalissimo; Beatson\'s Horse
Notes
Further Reading
Special Studies
Part IV: The final curtain: Imperial reordering and collapse 1870-1923
7. Ottomanism and its rivals
Tanzimat reforms mid-century
The Istanbul-Cairo axis
Ottoman cities transformed
Beyond Istanbul: Salonika, Izmir and Trabzon
Post-1841 Syria and Iraq
Who was an Ottoman?
New arrivals from the Caucasus-The Muhacirun Commission
Military reforms revisited
Who\'s minding the store?
The road to the 1876 constitution
Reforming the Ottoman House: Ali, Fuad, Midhat, and Ahmed Cevdet Pashas
Notes
Further reading
On Ottoman Cities
Special Studies
8. 1878 Berlin Treaty and consequences
Ottoman internationalism
Russo-Ottoman war of 1877-1878
The Berlin Treaty 1878
The Hamidian era
Restoring Ottoman fortunes
The scramble for Africa
Law and education Hamidian style
Further military reforms
New military elites
Reforming the Gendarmarie
Revolutionary movements
Greece, Bulgaria and Macedonia
Eastern Anatolia
The international context at the turn of the century
Representing the Ottoman House
Notes
Further Reading
Late Ottoman history
Special Studies
9. Leadup to WWI
Committee of Union and Progress 1908-1913
Military reforms and the German mission
The Balkan League
The Balkan Wars 1912-1913
The Special Organization
The assassination of Mahmud Şevket
The road to total war
Military reforms 1913-1914
Turning Turk and Arab
Turning to Germany
Mobilization
Late Ottoman Houseguest: Edith Durham
Notes
Further Reading
The Young Turks
Epilogue: 1914-1923
The Ottomans and World War I
Sarıkamiş campaign
The Armenian Genocide
The Suez Campaign
Gallipoli 1915-1916
Kut al-Amara 1916-1917
Mesopotamia and Palestine 1917-1918
Occupation and the Treaty of Sèvres
Lausanne Treaty and Turkish Republic
Notes
Further Readings
Special Studies
Glossary of places
Glossary of terms
Index