توضیحاتی در مورد کتاب :
کتاب مقدس تقریباً جوهر تمام جنبه های زندگی کلیساهای اولیه بود. کتاب راهنمای تفسیر کتاب مقدس مسیحی اولیه آکسفورد طیف وسیعی از موضوعات مرتبط با پذیرش، اعطای قاضی، تفسیر، کاربردها و میراث کتاب مقدس در مسیحیت اولیه را بررسی میکند. هر بخش شامل بررسی های کلی و بورس تحصیلی پیشرفته است که درک این رشته را گسترش می دهد. بخش اول به بررسی متن مادی منتقل شده، ترجمه و سرمایه گذاری شده با اقتدار، و مفهوم سازی کتاب مقدس به عنوان کلام خدا برای کلیسا می پردازد. بخش دوم نگاهی به فرهنگ و رشته ها یا علم تفسیر در سنت های تفسیری معرف دارد. بخش سوم به شیوههای مختلف تفسیری ادبی و غیر ادبی میپردازد، در حالی که قسمت چهارم پیشزمینه مشترک و پیشزمینه تفسیر مسیحیت اولیه را بررسی میکند، جایی که کتاب مقدس در شکلدهی هویت هنجاری مسیحی بسیار مهم بود. بخش پنجم نقش تعیین کننده کتاب مقدس را در تحولات عمده و مناقشات الهیاتی در زندگی کلیساها ارزیابی می کند. قسمت ششم به تفسیر صحیح بازمی گردد و نمونه هایی را نشان می دهد که چگونه برخی از نقوش ماندگار از درون مکاشفه کتاب مقدس توسط تبیین کنندگان اصلی مسیحی رفتار شده است. تاریخ کلی تفسیر کتاب مقدس خود اکنون موضوع تحقیقات فزاینده ای شده است و بخش پایانی به طرز ماهرانه ای بررسی می کند که چگونه تفسیر اولیه مسیحیت در دوره های بعدی تاریخ کلیسا بازیابی و ارزیابی انتقادی شده است. در مجموع، این فصول مسیرهای متنوعی را برای معرفی دانشجویان و دانش پژوهان از طیف گسترده ای از رشته های دانشگاهی، از جمله کلاسیک، مطالعات کتاب مقدس، تاریخ عمومی تفسیر، تاریخ اجتماعی و فرهنگی مسیحیت اواخر باستان و اوایل قرون وسطی، الهیات تاریخی، ارائه می دهد. و الهیات سیستماتیک و زمینه ای. خوانندگان به منابع اصلی و مسائل مربوط به مطالعه انتقادی تفسیر کتاب مقدس مسیحی اولیه معطوف خواهند شد.
فهرست مطالب :
Cover
The oxford handbook of EARLY CHRISTIAN BIBLICAL INTERPRETATION
Copyright
Acknowledgements
Table of Contents
List of Figures
Abbreviations
List of Contributors
Introduction
Part I: SCRIPTURE
Chapter 1: Scripture as Artefact
Early Christian Biblical Remains
Geographical Distribution
Early Christian Manuscripts
Other Inscriptional Features
Scribes and Scriptoria
Circulation of Manuscripts
Conclusion
References
Suggested Reading
Websites
Chapter 2: The Septuagint and Other Translations
Introduction
Greek Biblical Versions
Old Testament
The Greek Pentateuch (or: the Septuagint in the Strict Sense)
The Other Books of the ‘Septuagint’ (in the Broad Sense)
The New Testament
The Greek Christian Bible
Canon
Language
Transmission: Christian Recensions
Transmission: Dealing with the Hebrew Text and Other Jewish Greek Versions
The Latin and Syriac Bible
The Latin Bible
The Old Latin Versions
Jerome’s Revisions and Translation iuxta Hebraeos
The Syriac Bible
References
Ancient Sources
Scholarship
Suggested Reading
Chapter 3: Canons and Rules of Faith
Terms
Canon
Rule of Faith
Creed
Canon of the Old Testament
Septuagint
Origin of the Septuagint
Legends about the Origin of the Septuagint
Canon Lists: Old Testament
Canon of the Septuagint and Later Controversies
Canon of the New Testament
Earliest Writings and Collections
Emergence of a New Testament
Witnesses to the New Testament in the Second Century
Canon Lists: New Testament
The Rule of Faith
Canons, Rules of Faith, and Theology
References
Ancient Sources
Scholarship
Suggested Reading
Chapter 4: Divine Discourse: Scripture in the Economy of Revelation
From the Written Word to Scripture
Irenaeus: Towards a Holistic Reading of Scripture
The Alexandrians and the Enigmatic Quality of Divine Discourse
Scriptural Language and the Divine ‘Economy’
Conclusion
References
Ancient Sources
Scholarship
Suggested Reading
Part II: INTERPRETERS AND INTERPRETATION
Chapter 5: Graeco-Roman Literary Criticism
Introduction
Early Allegory
Plato
Aristotle
Hellenistic Poetics
Late Roman Republic
Early Imperial Period
Neoplatonic Poetics
References
Ancient Sources
Scholarship
Suggested Reading
Chapter 6: Early Christian Handbooks on Interpretation
Types of Handbooks on Biblical Interpretation
Hermeneutical Issues in Important Handbooks
Origen’s De principiis
Tyconius’ Liber regularum
Augustine’s De doctrina Christiana
Eucherius’ Compendia
Adrian’s Introductio in sacras scripturas
References
Ancient Sources
Scholarship
Suggested Reading
Chapter 7: From Letter to Spirit: The Multiple Senses of Scripture
Introduction
Figurative Exegesis and Tradition
Tertullian and God
Irenaeus and Creation
Origen and the Gospel
Augustine
The Literal Sense
References
Ancient Sources
Scholarship
Suggested Reading
Chapter 8: Ideal Interpreters
Topic
Scholarly Trajectories
Ideal Interpreters: Main Characteristics
Interpreter’s Aim
Interpreter’s Education
Interpreter’s Manner
Moral Credentials, Doctrinal Criteria
Exegetical Precedent
Exegetical Virtues
Inspired Interpreter
Conclusion
References
Ancient Sources
Scholarship
Suggested Reading
Part III: SETTINGS AND GENRES OF SCRIPTURAL INTERPRETATION
I. EXEGETICAL GENRES
Chapter 9: Commentaries
Beginnings: Hellenistic Literary-Rhetorical Education and its Genres
Origen and the ‘Invention’ of the Biblical Commentary
Commentary ‘Topics’—‘Scientific’ Commenting and its Consequences
After Origen: The Emergence of an Antiochene Tradition
The Emergence of a Latin Tradition
Jerome, Augustine, and beyond
Conclusion
References
Ancient Sources
Scholarship
Suggested Reading
Chapter 10: Scholia
Introduction
Classical Scholia
Early Christian Scholia
Exegetical Scholia
Marginal Scholia
Conclusion
References
Ancient Sources
Scholarship
Suggested Reading
Chapter 11: Questions and Responses
Exegetical Method and Literary Genre: Some Preliminaries
An Overview of the ‘Questions and Responses’ on the Bible in Patristic Literature
Greek Questions and Responses
Latin Questions and Responses
Conclusion: The Sacred Text Submitted to Question
References
Ancient Sources
Scholarship
Suggested Reading
Chapter 12: Paraphrase and Metaphrase
Introduction
Overview and Definition of Paraphrase in Graeco-Roman Antiquity
Prose Paraphrase of Scripture
Verse Paraphrase of Scripture
Conclusion
References
Ancient Sources
Scholarship
Suggested Reading
Chapter 13: Catenae
References
Ancient Sources
Scholarship
Suggested Reading
Chapter 14: Sentences
Sentences in Classical Antiquity and Early Christianity
The Sentences of Sextus
Evagrius Ponticus
The Apophthegmata Patrum
Maximus Confessor
References
Ancient Sources
Scholarship
Suggested Reading
II. LITURGICAL INTERPRETATION
Chapter 15: Catecheses and Homilies
An Intimate Relationship
Scripture and the Origins of Preaching/Catechesis
Two Genres or One with Fluid Boundaries?
Where the Bible was Encountered
Which Bible?
A Multiplicity of Interpretative Modes
References
Scholarship
Suggested Reading
Chapter 16: Poetry and Hymnody
Defining Hymnody and Exegesis
Imitation and Exegesis
Hymns and Heresy
Authors and Texts: The Syriac Tradition
Authors and Texts: The Greek Tradition
Performative Exegesis
Hymnody and Rewriting
Comparative Hymnic Exegesis
References
Ancient Sources
Scholarship
Suggested Reading
Chapter 17: Liturgy as Performative Interpretation
Basil of Caesarea on the ‘Obscurity’ of Ritual Actions
Liturgical Practice as Christian Habitus
Interpretation as a Practice of Christian Habitus
Use of Scripture as a Constitutive Practice
Eucharist: An Example of Scriptural Interpretation of Liturgical Practice
Conclusion: Performative Interpretation as Discovery
References
Ancient Sources
Scholarship
Suggested Reading
III. NARRATIVE AND VISUAL INTERPRETATION
Chapter 18: Christian Apocrypha
References
Ancient Sources
Scholarship
Suggested Reading
Chapter 19: Novels
References
Ancient Sources
Scholarship
Suggested Reading
Chapter 20: Hagiography
Classical and Christian Origins of Hagiography
Hellenistic Lives of Philosophers
The Acts of the Martyrs
Holy Men and Women in Egyptian Desert Literature
Sayings of the Desert Fathers and Mothers
Later Saints’ Lives
Bishops’ Lives
Lives of Confessors
Conclusion
References
Ancient Sources
Scholarship
Suggested Reading
Chapter 21: Early Christian Visual Art as Biblical Interpretation
Overview: Narrative Art and Biblical Interpretation
The Sacrifice of Isaac in Early Christian Art: A Case Study
Conclusion
References
Ancient Sources
Suggested Reading
Part IV: COMMUNITIES AND CRITERIA
Chapter 22: Christianity and Judaism
Introduction
Problems
A Shared Bible?
Exegesis: Shared Culture and Varied Encounter
Christian Reliance upon Jewish Interpretation
Christian Use of the Old Testament in Adversus Judaeos Literature
Jewish Responses to Christian Interpretation
Context of Discussion
Jews and the New Testament
Conclusion
References
Ancient Sources
Scholarship
Suggested Reading
Chapter 23: Christians and Pagans
Early Reaction to the Septuagint
Pseudo-Longinus
Numenius of Apamea
Lucian of Samosata
Celsus
Galen
Porphyry
Amelius Gentilianus
Sossianus Hierocles
Julian
The Anonymous Philosopher of Macarius of Magnesia
Conclusion
References
Ancient Sources
Scholarship
Suggested Reading
Chapter 24: Marcion and his Critics
Marcion’s Philosophy
Marcion’s Philology
Marcion’s Hermeneutics
Marcion’s Bible
The Critical Response to Marcion
Conclusion
References
Ancient Sources
Scholarship
Suggested Reading
Chapter 25: Gnostics and their Critics
The Gnostic School of Thought
Valentinus, the ValentinianSchool, and their Critics
Conclusion
References
Ancient Sources
Scholarship
Suggested Reading
Chapter 26: Manichaean Biblical Interpretation
Mani and the Biblical Literary Tradition
Dualism
Christology
The Mandatum Christi
The Passion
Manichaean Exegesis of Paul
Manichaean Criticism of the Old Testament
Manichaean Criticism of the New Testament
Conclusion
References
Ancient Sources
Scholarship
Part V: SCRIPTURE IN THE LIFE OF THE CHURCH
Chapter 27: Scripture and Martyrdom
Introduction
Martyrdom as Imitatio Christi: The New Testament Discourse and its Reception
Biblical Exempla: The Maccabees and Stephen the Protomartyr
Psalm 115.6 as Example of a Biblical Chorus
Matthew 10.23 and Kairological Martyrdom
Differing Biblical Approaches to Martyrdom in Augustine and the Donatists
References
Ancient Sources
Scholarship
Suggested Reading
Chapter 28: Scripture in the Trinitarian Controversies
Proverbs 8.22
Scripture as Limit and Interruption
John 5.19
Fit to Interpret?
References
Ancient Sources
Scholarship
Suggested Reading
Chapter 29: Scripture in the Christological Controversies
In Accordance with the Scriptures
From Biblical Questions to Scholastic Answers
The Era of the Ancient Christological Councils
From Scholastic Answers Back to Biblical Questions
References
Ancient Sources
Scholarship
Suggested Reading
Chapter 30: Scripture and a Christian Empire
Introduction
Eusebius of Caesarea and the Christian Empire
Other Voices
Augustine
Borderlands
Dissenters
The Bible and Military Service in the Christian Empire
References
Ancient Sources
Scholarship
Suggested Reading
Chapter 31: Scripture and Asceticism
Audience
Types of Ascetic Interpretation of the Bible
The Old Testament: Problem and Source
‘Purity’ and ‘Impurity’: Old Testament Law and Christian Adaptation
Some Techniques: A ‘Difference in Times’?
Other Techniques: Origen’s Allegory
The New Testament: Source and Problem
1 Corinthians 7
Syriac Exegesis
References
Ancient Sources
Scholarship
Suggested Reading
Part VI: SCRIPTURAL FIGURES AND MOTIFS
Chapter 32: Creation
Interpreting the Bible on the Origins of the World
Interpreting Creation as a Divine Economy
‘Groaning’ and Renewed Creation in Patristic Interpretation
Conclusion
References
Ancient Sources
Scholarship
Suggested Reading
Chapter 33: Adam and Eve
Hebrew Bible
New Testament
Adam as Humanity
Adam, Eve, and Sin
Adam and Christ
Eve and her Sex
Adam and Eve as Historic Persons
Conclusion
References
Ancient Sources
Scholarship
Suggested Reading
Chapter 34: Covenants
Definitions and Biblical Usage
Covenant in the Epistle of Barnabas
Covenant in Justin Martyr
Themes Associated with Covenant in Groups Outside the Mainstream of the Church
Covenant in Irenaeus
Covenant in Clement of Alexandria
Covenant in Tertullian
Covenant in Origen
Covenant in John Chrysostom
Covenant in Augustine
Conclusion
References
Ancient Sources
Scholarship
Suggested Reading
Chapter 35: Exodus
Introduction
The Exodus Motif in Scripture
The Exodus Motif in the Wake of the New Testament
The Exodus Narrative in Origen
Fourth-Century Treatises on Exodus: Ephrem the Syrian and Gregory of Nyssa
The Exodus: A Common Fourth-Century Reading
Questions on Exodus in the Fifth Century: Theodoret and Augustine
Conclusion
References
Ancient Sources
Scholarship
Suggested Reading
Chapter 36: Law
Anti-Judaism and Early Christian Interpretation of the Law
Interpretation of the Law of Moses in the Teeth of Dualist Forms of Christianity
Conclusion
References
Ancient Sources
Scholarship
Suggested Reading
Chapter 37: Psalms
Introduction
A New Way of Reading
Characterizing the Early Christian Reading of the Psalms
How the Psalms Functioned
Liturgy and Worship
Hermeneutics and Interpretation
Apologetic Prophecy and Fulfilment
Theological Instruction
Moral Instruction
Spiritual Diagnosis, Therapy, and Exercise
Mystical Ascent
References
Ancient Sources
Scholarship
Suggested Reading
Chapter 38: Sermon on the Mount
Early Foundations of Interpretation
Beatitudes
The Lord’s Prayer and Prayer
Antitheses (Matthew 5.21–48)
Conclusion
References
Ancient Sources
Scholarship
Suggested Reading
Chapter 39: The Gospel of John
Introduction: The Unique Attraction and Influence of John
Survey of Modern Scholarship
The Multifarious Influence of John in the Life and Mission of the Church
In Scriptural Interpretation
In Preaching and Liturgy
In Outreach: Evangelism, Apologetic, Protreptic
Development of Doctrine: Christology and Trinitarianism
John, Judaism, and Docetism
Logos Christology in the Apologists
Pneumatology/Montanism
Monarchianism
Arianism
Iconography
Conclusion
References
Ancient Sources
Scholarship
Suggested Reading
Chapter 40: Paul the Apostle
Introduction: Paul and his Legacy
Paul in Controversy
Paul as Model Ascetic
Paul as Guide on the Road to Perfection: Origen
Paul as Champion of Free Will: Pelagius
Paul as Herald of Salvation by Divine Grace Alone: Augustine
In Praise of Paul as Embodiment of all Virtue: John Chrysostom
References
Ancient Sources
Scholarship
Suggested Reading
Chapter 41: The Cross
The Apocalypse of the Cross
Images of the Cross
References
Ancient Sources
Scholarship
Suggested Reading
Chapter 42: Heaven and Hell
Resources in Scripture for the Development of Heaven and Hell
Scripture Invoked in Contexts Related to Heaven and Hell in Patristic Literature
Corporeality in the Afterlife and the Status of the Dead Now
The Millennial Reign of Christ
The Permanent or Temporary Nature of Hell
The Development of Purgatory and Prayer for the Dead
Christ’s Sojourn in the Underworld
Differentiated Rewards in Heaven
The Nature of Punishments and Rewards
References
Ancient Sources
Scholarship
Suggested Reading
Part VII: RETRIEVALS AND CRITICISMS
Chapter 43: Medieval Latin Reception
From Jerome to Early Scholasticism
High Scholastic Readings of 1 Timothy 2.4
Conclusion
References
Sources
Scholarship
Suggested Reading
Chapter 44: Byzantine Reception
Liturgical Contexts of Biblical Interpretation
Exegetical or Theological Treatises, Commentaries, and Illustrated Manuscripts
Biblical Interpretation and the Byzantine Laity
The Monastic Background
Conclusion
References
Ancient Sources
Scholarship
Suggested Reading
Chapter 45: Reception in the Renaissance and Reformation
Introduction
Renaissance Humanism
Protestant Reception in Continental Europe
Appropriation of Fathers on Polemics
English Reception
Catholic Reception
Conclusion
References
Primary Sources
Scholarship
Suggested Reading
Chapter 46: Modern Biblical Criticism and the Legacy of Pre-Modern Interpretation
The Fathers, Irenicism, and the Republic of Letters
Hugo Grotius and Richard Simon
After Simon
Conclusion
References
Ancient Sources
Scholarship
Suggested Reading
Chapter 47: Retrievals in Contemporary Christian Theology
Orthodox Retrievals
Catholic Retrievals
Protestant Retrievals
Conclusion
References
Suggested Reading
Author Index
General Subject Index
توضیحاتی در مورد کتاب به زبان اصلی :
The Bible was the essence of virtually every aspect of the life of the early churches. The Oxford Handbook of Early Christian Biblical Interpretation explores a wide array of themes related to the reception, canonization, interpretation, uses, and legacies of the Bible in early Christianity. Each section contains overviews and cutting-edge scholarship that expands understanding of the field. Part One examines the material text transmitted, translated, and invested with authority, and the very conceptualization of sacred Scripture as God's word for the church. Part Two looks at the culture and disciplines or science of interpretation in representative exegetical traditions. Part Three addresses the diverse literary and non-literary modes of interpretation, while Part Four canvasses the communal background and foreground of early Christian interpretation, where the Bible was paramount in shaping normative Christian identity. Part Five assesses the determinative role of the Bible in major developments and theological controversies in the life of the churches. Part Six returns to interpretation proper and samples how certain abiding motifs from within scriptural revelation were treated by major Christian expositors. The overall history of biblical interpretation has itself now become the subject of a growing scholarship and the final part skilfully examines how early Christian exegesis was retrieved and critically evaluated in later periods of church history. Taken together, the chapters provide nuanced paths of introduction for students and scholars from a wide spectrum of academic fields, including classics, biblical studies, the general history of interpretation, the social and cultural history of late ancient and early medieval Christianity, historical theology, and systematic and contextual theology. Readers will be oriented to the major resources for, and issues in, the critical study of early Christian biblical interpretation.