دانلود کتاب The Palgrave Handbook of Media Misinformation

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Acknowledgements Contents Notes on Contributors List of Figures List of Graphs List of Images List of Tables Introduction A Challenging Context Saturation and Weaponisation Sleepwalking into Information War? Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine ‘Fake News’ A Question of Trust The Problem Media Literacy: Beyond Solutionism Part I: Democracy, Disruption and Civic Crisis (Diagnosis) Part II: ‘Fake News’, Conspiracy, Propaganda (Diagnosis) Part III: Health, Science and Data (Diagnosis) Part IV: Journalism (Response) Part V: Media Literacy (Response) Part I: Democracy, Disruption and Civic Crisis (Diagnosis) Part I Introduction: Karen Fowler-Watt Chapter 1: Civic Distance: Digital Culture’s Intrusion on Trust, Engagement, and Belonging The Insertion of Distance into Our Daily Lives: Cars as Platforms Social Media, Platforms, and Distance The Covid-19 Infodemic Civic Belonging in a Culture of Distance References Chapter 2: The Civic Media Observatory: Decoding Information Networks with Narrative Analysis Introduction The Problem The Method Outputs Workflow Civic Impact Scoring Case Study I: Covid-19 Investigation Case Study II: Myanmar Investigation References Chapter 3: Upholding Digital Rights and Media Plurality: Does Self-regulation by Social Media Platforms Contravene Freedom of Expression? Introduction Fake News and Media Plurality Freedom of Expression and Media Pluralism Regulating Online Safety Are Social Media Platforms Publishers? Looking to the Future Conclusion and Questions Appendix 1: The Facebook Oversight Board Members (2021) References Legislation Cases Chapter 4: Fake News Deconstructed Teens and Civic Engagement: Can Tomorrow’s Voters Spontaneously Become News Literate? Introduction Teens and Information Power Versus Meaning Digital Civic Engagement Motivational Reasoning and MIL Self-assessment Case Study Focus Group Media Literacy Against Disinformation: News Engagement—News Literacy Scaffolding: News for Adolescents Conclusions and Implications for Research and Practice References Chapter 5: Peace, Public Opinion and Disinformation in Colombia: Social Media and Its Role in the 2016 Plebiscite Colombia, the War and the Peace Processes La Havana Peace Agreement Social Networks and Disinformation in Colombia A Case Study: Colombia and the FARC-EP Peace Process Findings on the Frequency of Publications and Number of Tweets Issued Findings in Sentiment Analysis Findings of Message Analysis: Discourse, Emotions and Misinformation Conclusion References Chapter 6: Radical Interventions: Archaeology, Forensics and Montage Poetics of Information: Weaving Meaning in a Fractured World Methodological Insights for Dismantling Misinformation: (An)archaeology, Forensic Imagination and Expanded Montage (An)archaeology Forensic Imagination Extended Montage The Monopoly of Memory and the Body Is an Archive: Archaeology and Embodiment Forensic Landscapes: Forensics and Aesthetics History-Telling as the Reimagination of the Horizons of Possibility References Part II: ‘Fake News’, Conspiracy, Propaganda (Diagnosis) Part II Introduction: Julian McDougall Chapter 7: SAVE ME WHITE JESUS! Conspiracy and the Spectre of a Folkloric, Alt-right Masculine Ideal Invisible King of the Misinformed Blood, Sweat and No Tears Bring Back Manly Muppets Chapter 8: Fake News: Problems with—and Alternatives to—the Media Literacy Project A Literacy of Another Kind Case Study: University Tuition Fees in England Conclusion References Chapter 9: Fact-Checking in Hong Kong: An Emerging Form of Journalism and Media Education Amid Political Turmoil Introduction The Rapid Development of Fact-Checking Journalism in Hong Kong Politicisation of Fact-Checking Impact (or the Lack Thereof) of Misinformation and Fact-Checking Fact-Checking as Part of Educational Intervention Discussion References Chapter 10: Confronting Coronavirus Propaganda Blurry Distinctions Between Disinformation, Misinformation, and Propaganda How Educators Teach About Online Propaganda Platform and Artifact Features Research Methods and Findings Discussion References Part III: Health, Science and Data (Diagnosis) Part III Introduction: Julian McDougall Chapter 11: Gaslighting: Fake Climate News and Big Carbon’s Network of Denial The Strategy: Hack Media Ecosystems with Discourses of Denial and Delay The Network of Denial and Delay Discourses of Denial Discourse of Delay Solutions Denial NetZero and Beyond References Chapter 12: Using Disparagement Humour to Deal with Health Misinformation Endorsers: A Case Study of China’s Shuanghuanglian Oral Liquid Incident Introduction Literature Review Case Study Analysis and Discussion References Chapter 13: Citizens’ Networks of Digital and Data Literacy Introduction Underpinning Research Digital and Data Literacy Citizens Data Literacy Networks Verifying Information Being Helped and Helping Others with Digital and Data Literacy Consequences and Future Directions: Networks of Data and Digital Literacy Conclusion References Chapter 14: Re-thinking Media Literacy to Counter Misinformation Media Literacy: A “Complex Patchwork of Ideas” The Knowledge and Skills to Identify Misinformation From “Media Literacy” to “Misinformation Literacy” The Six Cs of Misinformation Literacy Context: Knowledge of the Contexts—Social, Cultural, Economic, Political, Informational and Events—in Which False and Accurate Information Are Produced Creation: Knowledge of the Types of People and Institutions Found to Create False and Accurate Information, Their Different Motivations and the Skills to Identify Those Who Produce Specific Information Online Content: Knowledge of the Difference Between Facts and Opinions, the Different Ways Information Can Mislead, and the Skills and Practices to Distinguish Accurate and Inaccurate Information Circulation: Knowledge of the Processes by Which Accurate and Inaccurate Information Circulate and What Drives People to Share Information Consumption: Knowledge of the Reasons We as Individuals May Believe False or Misleading Information to Be True Consequences: Knowledge of the Different Forms of Actual and Potential Harm Caused by Believing and Sharing False and Misleading Information Obstacles to Media and Misinformation Literacy in Schools Conclusions and Recommendations Governments, Public Figures and Institutions Education and Curriculum Authorities Media Leaders, Fact-Checkers, Media Literacy and Library Associations Social Media, Messaging and Search Platforms Researchers into Education and Misinformation References Chapter 15: Combatting Information Disorder: A South Asian Perspective Mahabharata and Misinformation Facebook and the Rohingyas Media Action References Part IV: Journalism (Response) Part IV Introduction: Karen Fowler-Watt Chapter 16: The Unhealed Wound: Official and Unofficial Journalisms, Misinformation and Tribal Truth Introduction A Galaxy of Journalisms Victorian Liberal Journalism: Making Truth Fashionable and Profitable The Rise of Boomer Journalism The Boomer Way of Knowing Official and Unofficial Journalisms Intolerance and Censorship Discussion References Chapter 17: What Happened Next? Chapter 18: The Agenda-Setting Power of Fake News Agenda-setting Theory in an Age of ‘Fake News’ Trust in News An Unequal Digital Environment? News Literacy as ‘Inoculation’ Against Misinformation The Rise of News Literacy in the UK Reaching the Most Vulnerable Users The Scope of News Literacy Education Media Involvement in News Literacy An Uneven Response to an Unequal Problem? References Chapter 19: Can We Rebuild Broken Relationships? Examining Journalism, Social Media, and Trust in a Fractured Media Environment Context Trust and Related Concepts Objectivity Credibility Transparency Accuracy Trust, Journalism, and Social Media Case Study: The Trusting News Project Where Do We Go from Here? References Chapter 20: Images, Fakery and Verification Introduction The Inexorable Rise of the Image in Journalism How Images Are Driving Editorial Choice in the Attention Economy From Livestreamed Violence to Covid-19 Disinformation Concerns and Interventions Challenges for the Future References Part V: Media Literacy (Response) Part V Introduction: Karen Fowler-Watt and Julian McDougall Chapter 21: Civic Intentionality First: A Tunisian Attempt at Creating Social Infrastructure for Youth Representation Conventional Approaches to Information Disorder Civic Media Literacy and Practice Responses Situating Boubli: An Instrument for Young People’s Self-Representation CMLP in Practice A Media-Transformative Approach Holding Space for Discussion and Distributed Ownership Pluralisation and Inclusivity References Chapter 22: South Island School—The Agence France Presse Affiliated News Unit Course Structure Exploring International Film Cultures: The Horror Genre The Changing Relationship Between Technology and Television: Media Convergence Learning to Fact-Check: The Video Essay Task Authentic Learning and Real Clients: The Client Commission Interactive Media, HTML, CSS and JavaScript: The Adventure Game Representational Discourse in the Music Industry: Music Video Essay Current Research/Practice or Interventions Case Study Challenges for the Future References Chapter 23: Intergenerational Approaches to Disinformation and Clickbait: Participatory Workshops as Co-learning-Based Spaces Information Disorders: From Information to Clickbait Methodologies and Context-Based Approach Participatory Workshops and Co-sharing of Daily Life Experiences Discussion and Future Perspectives References Chapter 24: Digital Media Literacy with Sati (Mindfulness): The Combining Approach Underlying the Thai Contexts Unpacking the Concept of Media, Information and Digital Literacy and Sati (Mindfulness) Looking Through the Conceptual Framework Development’s Findings Looking Through the Consequences and Further Discussion References Chapter 25: Media Literacy in the Infodemic Methods Synthesis Media Literacy in Covid Times References Index