دانلود کتاب The Routledge Handbook of Gender in Central-Eastern Europe and Eurasia

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Cover Endorsement Half Title Series Information Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Illustrations Contributors Acknowledgements Part I Conceptual Debates and Methodological Differences Introduction: Conceptual Debates and Methodological Differences The Development of the Field 1 Between Regional and Transnational Contexts The Region: What’s in a Name? The Nation: Diverse Approaches to Gender Analysis Transnational and Global Frameworks Conclusions References 2 Fluidity or Clean Breaks? The Critical Junctures: Transition vs. Transformation Shaping Gender Identities and Dynamics: Actors and Processes Interaction of Actors Conclusions References 3 Neoliberal Intervention: Analyzing the Drakulic– Funk–Ghodsee Debates: Analyzing the Drakulic– Funk–Ghodsee Debates Feminist Disputes Between East and West: Drakulić– Funk in the 1990s The Impact of Western Donors on Feminism: Funk–Ghodsee in the 2000s Debating State Socialist Women’s Organizations: Funk–Ghodsee in the 2010s (Not) Laughing in Communism and Postcommunism: Drakulic–Ghodsee and Others in the 2010s Feminism in Times of Neoliberalism and Authoritarianism: CEE Authors Engage the Debate Conclusions References Methodologies 4 Legacies of the Cold War and the Future of Gender in Feminist Histories of Socialism What is a Cold War Narrative? Gender Analysis Meets Cold War Narratives of Socialism Beyond the Cold War Plots The Trouble with Gender in Counter-narratives of Socialism Conclusions References 5 The Case and Comparative Methods Tradeoffs in the Use of Case Studies and Other Comparative Methods Varying Disciplinary Approaches to Case Studies and Comparative Method Political Science Approaches to Women’s Organizing in Russia Cultural Anthropology of Women’s Organizing and Lived Experiences of Gender in and Beyond Russia Sociological Mixed Methods to Women’s Organization and Gender Conclusions References 6 Quantitative and Experimental Methods Quantitative– Qualitative Debates in Gender and Politics Research Quantitative Research, Intersectionality, and Multidimensionality Research on Institutions and Institutional Change in CEE&E Research on Genderspecific Public Opinion in CEE&E Conclusions References Epistemologies 7 Postcoloniality in Central-Eastern Europe and Eurasia After Socialist Internationalism: A New Postcolonial Optic Multiple Centers and Peripheries Decolonial Interventions Conclusions References 8 Post-Soviet Masculinities: Sex, Power, and the Vanishing Subject Masculinity and Homoeroticism Homosociality and Power Masculinity and State Power: Who’s on Top? Conclusions References Part II Feminist and Women’s Movements Cooperating and Colliding Introduction: Feminist and Women’s Movements Cooperating and Colliding Women’s Organizing Under Empires 9 Challenging Tradition and Crossing Borders: Women’s Activism and Literary Modernism in the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy Women’s Philanthropic Organizations and Salons The National Movements and Women’s Organizations The Fight for Women’s Education The Role of Women’s Professional Organizations Women’s Alliances Women Writers Conclusions References 10 The First All-Russian Women’s Congress: “The Women’s Parliament” Revolution, Repression, and Resistance Ladies, Laborers, and Professionals Congress Sessions: Debating Feminist Theory and Practice The Final Congress Resolutions: Advocating Within an Autocracy The Short- and Long-term Impact of the Congress Conclusions References Socialist (Feminist) Interpretations 11 the Russian Revolution and Women’s Liberation: Rethinking the Legacy of the Socialist Emancipation Project Labor Feminism and the Russian Revolution Soviet Socialism and the Woman Question The Socialist Model and Its Discontents References Dissident Women and Feminisms 12 Czechoslovak Feminisms During the Interwar Period Czech and Slovak Women’s Emancipation Efforts Prior to Independence The First Republic Conclusions References 13 Women in Poland’s Solidarity Women Within Male Political and Religious Narratives The Development of a Gendered Perspective of Dissent Religious/ Cultural Factors Influencing Gender Roles Women’s Rights and Opposition to Socialism Women Organize the Underground: Solidarity’s “Third Space” A Gendered Elite The Rise of Feminist and Nationalist Turns The New Patriarchy Conclusion References Postcommunist NGO Feminisms and Beyond 14 From Soviet Feminism to the European Union: Transnational Women’s Movements Between East and West East– West Exchanges After 1945 From International to Local: Impact of International Networks on Local Gender Politics Postsocialist Feminism, the European Union Accession, and the Turn to “Connective” Action Conclusions References 15 Transnational Feminism and Women’s NGOs: the Case of the Network of East– West Women Structural Steps to Minimize Risks of US Feminist Domination Neww as Transnational Feminist Donor Without Colonization Neww Commitment to Intersectionality How Not to be Donor Driven Avoiding Complicity in Neoliberalism NEWW’s Difficulties Conclusions References 16 Contentions of Funding Gender Equality in Central-Eastern Europe Gender Equality and Women’s Organizing Under Late State Socialism Frameworks for Funding: The Civil Society and Philanthrocapitalist Approaches NGOization, Project Feminism, and Movement Building Neoliberalism, Governance Feminism, and Movement Building Austerity, Identity, and Intersectional Movement Building Conclusion References 17 Pussy Riot and Femen’s Global Trajectories in Law, Society, and Culture Design and Strategies Common Roots, Diverging Routes From Postcommunist Post-Secularism to “Sextremism” A Moving Vector with no Endpoint Conclusions References Part III Constructions of Gender in Different Ideologies Introduction: Constructions of Gender in Different Ideologies Nationalism 18 Nationalism and Sexuality in Central-Eastern Europe Strange but Magnetic Bedfellows: Prostitution and Nationalism Eugenics and the Scientific Legitimization of Racialized Nationalism Nationalism and Homosexuality Sexuality and Nationalism Through the Lens of Antisemitism Conclusions References 19 Gender, Militarism, and the Modern Nation in Soviet and Russian Cultures Intertwined National and Gender Identities Hegemony and Challenge: Masculinity and the Military The Great Patriotic War of the Fatherland Late Soviet Responses to Military Masculinity Conclusions References Fascism 20 Farright Expectations of Women in Central-Eastern Europe Research on Women and Fascism in CEE After WWII Gendered Analyses of Fascism in CEE After Communism The Birth of Gendered Antimodernism in Central-Eastern Europe Gender and Fascism During World War II in CEE Conclusions References Socialisms and Communisms 21 Paradoxes of Gender in Soviet Communist Party Women’s Sections (the Zhenotdel), 1981-1930 Tensions from the Beginning Organizational Struggles Force the Women’s Sections to Become More Compliant Assessing the Work of the Women’s Sections The Gender Politics of Backwardness Conclusions References 22 Women’s Education, Entry to Paid Work, and Forced Unveiling in Soviet Central Asia Debates About the Soviet Emancipatory Project Bolshevik Ideas on Women’s Education and Emancipation: the “Woman of the East” Bolshevik Ideas on Work Among “Women of the East” Soviet Ideology on the Transformation of Women’s Family and Private Life: The Case of hujum Conclusions References 23 “Gypsies”/ Roma and the Politics of Reproduction in Post-Stalinist Central-Eastern Europe Pronatalism and Eugenic Thought in the First Half of the 20th Century “New Eugenics” in Postworld War II Reproductive Politics “Gypsies”/ Roma as Targets of Post-world War II “Racialist Thinking” “Gypsies”/ Roma and Racialized Selective Pronatalism Conclusions References 24 Legalizing Queerness in Central-Eastern Europe Discourses on Decriminalization Ideological Continuities in the Conceptualization of Homosexualities Ideological Approaches to Legislation in Post-Stalinist CEE Postsocialist Decriminalization Grassroots Mobilizations Under Different Ideologies Movements and Processes Conclusions References Democracy 25 Gender and the Democratic Paradox in Latvia Political Legacies of 20th-century Latvia Women and Opposition: Building the Foundations of Democratic Development Gender and Early Postcommunist “Normalization” in Latvia Public Representation and Political Practices in a Gendered Democracy Conclusions References 26 Anti-Gender Mobilization and Right-Wing Populism Origins and Core Claims of the Anti-Gender Discourse Transnational Antigender Networks and Organizations Antigender Campaigns in CEE Anti-Genderism and Populism: Political Alliances and Discursive Patterns Central-Eastern Europe: Is There a Difference? Conclusions References Part IV Lived Experiences of Individuals in Different Regimes Introduction: Lived Experiences of Individuals in Different Regimes Empires and Monarchies 27 Late Imperial Russia and Its Gendered Order in the Countryside Peasant Male Authority and Its Potential Enhancement by Way of the Stolypin Reforms Improvements in Peasant Women’s Standard of Living Sexual Norms, Violence Against Peasant Women, and Peasant Women’s Agency Religious Devotion as Resistance Conclusions References 28 Gendered Moral Panics in the Late Habsburg Monarchy: Prostitution, Sex Trafficking, and Venereal Disease Varying Prostitution Regulations Across Austria-Hungary The Specter of Sex Trafficking The Panic over Venereal Disease The Afterlife of Regulation Conclusions Note References Independence 29 the Promise of Gender Equality in Interwar Central-Eastern Europe Women in Politics in Interwar Central-Eastern Europe The Meaning of Citizenship: Equality, Difference, Nation The Appeal of the Nationalist Right Conclusions References Nazism, Stalinism, and War 30 Sexuality in the Holocaust Pleasure and Love Sexual and Sexualized Violence Sexual Barter Men Selling Sex Sexuality as a Tool of Othering Samesex Desire in the Camps Conclusions References 31 Deportation and Gulag as Gendered Processes Gendered Traumas and Gendered Processes of Deportation The Dynamics of Survival: Hunger and Food The Worst Experiences and the Ways of Coping with Them The Small Zone and the Larger Zone Women’s Stories and Political Transition from Communism to Democracy Conclusions References Socialisms and Communisms 32 Yugoslav Gender Experiments and Soviet Influences Charting Socialist Gender Policies Postwar Legal Transformation Broader Interventions and Resistance Conclusions References 33 Struggles to Reconcile Women’s Wage Labor and Kitchen Labor in the German Democratic Republic Communist Approaches to Cooking Women’s Work and Kitchen Labor in the GDR Collective Meals and Female Emancipation Remaking “Home Cooking” as a Communist Necessity Conclusions References Part V the Ambiguous Postcommunist Transitions Introduction: the Ambiguous Postcommunist Transitions Democratic and Economic Changes 34 Gender and the Ambiguities of Economic Transition in Romania The Gendered Dimensions of Privatization Negotiating Precarity and Uncertainty Sink, Swim, or Tread Water? Navigating Neoliberalism Conclusions References 35 Democratization, Authoritarianism, and Gender in Russia Regime Type and Gender Equality The Gender Regime in Russia Conclusions References Europeanization 36 Europeanization and the Challenge of Gender Equality EU Impact on Gender Equality Legislation: “hard Law” and “soft Law” National Machineries for the Advancement of Gender Equality The Agency of Women’s Movements Conclusions References 37 the Europeanization and Politicization of LGBT Rights in Serbia Antidiscrimination Policies and Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in Serbia Pride Parades as a Battlefield on Europe Conclusions References Migrations 38 Russianspeaking LGBTQ Communities in the West Negotiating Queerness in Post-Soviet Diasporas Statesponsored Homophobia and LGBTQ Migration After 2013 Activism and Gender(ed) Matters in LGBTQ Migration and Asylum Conclusions References 39 Postsocialist Migration and Intimacy Postsoviet Migrants, Gender, Intimacy Intimate Practices: Labor, Sexuality, and Nurturing Conclusions References Armed Conflict/Resolution 40 the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the Development of Legal Frameworks on Violence ... Women’s Presence in Developing International Justice Violence Against Women in War: International Law and Feminist Critiques The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia: Redefining Sexual Violence in Wartime and Changing Procedures Rape, Genocide, Victimhood, and Nationalist Narratives Limits of the Law Conclusions References 41 Gender, Conflict, and Social Change in Armenia and Azerbaijan The Gendered Impact of Conflict and Transition Women’s Activism Within and Across Borders Male Dominance, Militarism, and Authoritarianism Conclusions Note References Part VI Postcommunist Policy Issues Introduction: Postcommunist Policy Issues Political Leadership 42 Women’s Representation in Politics The Mixed Communist Legacy The Gradual Increase in Women’s Descriptive Representation After 1990 The Growing Impact of Substantive Representation Emerging Patterns of Representation at the EU Level Conclusions References Gender-based Violence 43 Hybrid Regimes and Gender Violence Prevention Campaigns in Ukraine Violence Against Women in Soviet Ukraine European Integration and Comprehensive Gender Violence Policy High-level Subversion Under Yanukovych and During the Hybrid War Conclusions References 44 Bride Kidnapping and Polygynous Marriages: Gendered Debates in Central Asia The Social Value of Marriage in Central Asia Bride Kidnapping and Polygyny in the Presoviet and Soviet Periods Postsoviet Revivals Debates About Polygyny Debates About Bride Kidnapping Conclusions References 45 Trafficked Women and Men to and from Russia Human Trafficking Policy in Postsoviet Russia The Reality of Human Trafficking in Russia International and Regional Comparisons Conclusions References Reproductive Rights 46 Assisted Reproduction: Poland in a Comparative Perspective Assisted Reproduction in Postcommunist Countries: Between Global Trends and Local Specificities Opposition to Arts in Poland: the Synergy Between Nationalism and Neoliberalism Conclusions References 47 Abortion and Reproductive Health in Eurasia: Continuity and Change Expanding Contraceptive Knowledge and Access Uneven Reproductive Health Improvements Rising Nationalism and Falling Birthrates Fertility Patterns and Pathways of Control and Choice Conclusions References Social Policy and Health 48 Single Mothers, Family Change, and Normalized Gender Crisis in Russia A Stalled Gender Revolution in Family Life Creating “Single Mothers” in the Postwar Soviet Period (1944–1967) Single Motherhood in the Late Soviet Period (1968–1991) Single Motherhood in Post-soviet Russia (1992–Present) Conclusions References 49 Social Welfare and Family Policies in Central-Eastern European Countries Legacies of the Pre-world War II Period State Socialism and the New Interpretation of Gender Roles: Pre-1956 Reinterpretation of Gender Roles After 1956 The Collapse of State Socialism, Transformation, and Comparative Studies of the Region From Defamilialization to Degenderization Gender, Right-Wing Populism, and Recent Welfare Policy Reforms Conclusions References 50 Women’s Representation in Sport Physical Culture and Professional Sport Under Communism The Privatization of Leisure Sport and the Marketization of Professional Sport in the Postcommunist Era Women’s (un)recognition in Postcommunist Professional Sport Conclusions References 51 Gender, Sexuality, and Disability in Postsocialist Central-Eastern Europe State Socialism and Its Legacy Postsocialist Neoliberalization Postsocialist Agencies References Index