دانلود کتاب The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy, Politics, and Economics

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Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Figures
Tables
Contributors
Preface
Introduction
Reference
Part I: Frameworks
Introduction to Part I: Frameworks
1. PPE as an Intellectual Enterprise
1. The General Case for (Some) Interdisciplinary Work
2. Disciplines and the Division of Epistemic Labor
2.1. Why the Origins of Specialization in Intellectual Enquiry Are Different?
2.2. The Limits of Specialization
2.3. Disciplines as Certifiers
3. Shadows and Conflicts
3.1. Categorical vs. Comparative Thinking
3.2. Motives vs. Incentives
3.3. Motivational Assumptions
3.4. Normative Considerations
3.5. Discounting for Time
3.6. Ideal vs. Non-Ideal Theory
3.7. Methodology and the Philosophy of Science
4. Conclusion
Notes
References
2. On Models and Their Uses
1. Introduction
2. What Is a Model?
3. Fiction, Fables, Models
4. The Moral of the Story
5. Using Models in Public Places
Notes
References
3. Complexity
1. Introduction
2. Three Stages
2.1. Stage 1
2.2. Stage 2
2.3. Stage 3
3. Defining Complexity
4. Conditions for Complexity
5. Complex Orders and Their Features
6. Implications of Complexity for PPE
6.1. Complexity in Political Science
6.2. Complexity in Policy-making
6.3. Complexity and Political Philosophy
6.4. Complexity and Economics
7. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
4. PPE in Marx\'s Materialist Conception of History
1. Introduction
2. Philosophy and History in Marx and Hegel
3. \"Picking Sides\": Marx and the Proletarian Standpoint
4. Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
5. Feminist Theory
1. Introduction
2. Gender Inequality and the Oppression of Women
3. The Gender of Caring Labor
4. Adaptive Preferences and Internalized Oppression
5. Capitalism and Women\'s Oppression
Notes
References
Part II: Decision-Making
Introduction to Part II
6. Game Theory
1. Introduction
2. The Problem of Strategy
2.1. Rationality in Games
2.2. The Prisoner\'s Dilemma
2.3. Repeated Games and Backwards Induction
2.4. Equilibrium Selection
3. Bargaining and Cooperative Games
3.1. Conclusion
Notes
References
7. Four Structures of Intransitive Preferences
1. Introduction
2. Negligible-Value-Differences and Missing-Values Cycles
3. Condorcet-Voting-Paradox Style Cycles
4. Sen\'s-Libertarian-Paradox Style Cycles
5. Sorites Cycles
6. Conclusion
Notes
References
8. Theories of Choice Behavior
1. A Brief History
2. The Choice Problem
3. Standard Theories
4. Prominent Behavioral Theories
5. Key Behavioral Properties
5.1. Interactions Within Options
5.2. Interactions Between Options
5.3. Transformations of Values
5.4. Transformations of Weights
5.5. Choice Processes
6. Conclusion
References
9. Rule-Following
1. Introduction
2. Three Economic Perspectives on Rule-Following
2.1. Rational Choice Rule-Following
2.2. Rule-Following in Equilibrium
2.3. \"Behavioral\" Rule-Following
3. Psychological Accounts of Rule-following
3.1. Effective Action, Relationship Building, and Self-Concept Management
3.2. Interiorization of Rules and Norms
3.3. The \"Role-Rule\" Model of Social Behavior
3.4. Evolutionary Accounts of Rule-Following
4. Rules and Norms in Philosophy
4.1. Conditional Preferences
4.2. A Non-reductive Explanation
5. Discussion and Conclusion
Notes
References
10. Implicit Bias and Decision-Making
1. Bias
2. What Is Implicit Bias?
3. Implicit Bias and Decision-Making
3.1. Education
3.2. Employment
3.3. Medical System
3.4. The Criminal System
4. The Importance of Implicit Bias
5. Interventions on Implicit Bias
6. Conclusion
Notes
References
Part III: Social Structures
Introduction to Part III
11. Social Norms
1. Introduction
2. Defining Social Norms
3. Other Kinds of Collective Behavior
4. Social Norms and Social Learning
5. Norm Dynamics: How Do Norms Come and Go?
6. Conclusion
Notes
References
12. Institutions and Institutionalism
1. Institutionalism
1.1. Institutional Economics
1.2. Institutional Political Science
1.3. Institutionalism in Political and Moral Philosophy
1.4. Legal Institutionalism
2. Defining Institutions
2.1. Patterns of Behavior vs. Rules
2.2. Common Beliefs and Values
2.3. Different Conceptions of Rules
2.4. Formal vs. Informal Institutions
2.5. Choosing What an Institution Is
3. A Reasonable Consensus?
References
13. Property
1. What Are Property Rights?
2. The Importance of Private Property
3. Property Rights and Externalities
4. What Do We Own?
5. The Question of Inequality
Notes
References
14. Corporations in Our Polity
1. Corporations and Electoral Politics
2. Corporations and Religious Freedom
3. Corporations and Political Protest
4. Conclusion
Notes
References
15. Polycentricity
1. Introduction
2. A Brief History of the Concept
2.1. Decentralized Production of Knowledge in Markets and Science
2.2. Governance of Metropolitan Areas
2.3. Federalism
3. A Practical Theory of Self-Governance
4. Global Climate Change
5. Conclusion
Notes
References
Part IV: Markets
Introduction to Part IV
16. The Advantages of Markets
1. Introduction
Markets and Market Economies
3. Economic Advantages
3.1. Incentives
3.2. Information
4. Moral Advantages
4.1. Consequences
4.1.1. Enrichment
4.1.2. Poverty and Inequality
4.1.3. Virtue
4.2. Rights
4.2.1. Property and Contract
4.2.2. Self-Authorship
4.2.3. Desert
5. Conclusion
Notes
References
17. Exploitation
1. Introduction
2. Structuralism and Transactionalism
3. Non-Idealism and Inter-Transactional Parity
References
18. The Meaning of Markets
1. An Overview of Semiotic Complaints
2. The Case Against Market Meaning
3. The Case for (Contingent) Market Meaning
4. Signaling Overlap in Market Exchange
5. Conclusion
Notes
References
19. Gender and the Division of Labor
1. What\'s Wrong with the Gendered Division of Labor?
2. What Can We Do About It?
3. What May We Do About It?
4. At What Cost May We Do It?
Notes
References
20. Housing Markets
1. Injustices in Housing
2. Upzoning: Removing Regulations
3. Upzoning: Defeat NIMBYS
4. Upzoning: Housing Costs
5. Price Controls
6. Exclusionary Zoning and Segregation
7. Democratic Control
8. Taking Housing Off the Market
9. Conclusion
Notes
References
Part V: Economic Systems
Introduction to Part V
21. Capitalism
1. Introduction
2. How Capitalism Works
3. Crony Capitalism Is Not Capitalism
4. Capitalism as \"Socialism\"
5. Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
22. Socialisms
1. Introduction
2. Socialism as a Political Philosophy
3. Socialism as an Economic System
4. What Socialism Isn\'t
5. The Concept of Economic Democracy
6. Economic Democracy in Practice
7. Economic Democracy Without Socialism?
8. Why Economic Democracy?
9. Conclusion
Notes
References
Further Reading
23. Property-Owning Democracy
1. The Importance of Rawls\'s Contribution
2. Convergence with the Georgist Tradition
3. Alternative Strategies: Collateral and Monetary Policy
4. An Alternative to Redistribution?
5. Conclusion
References
24. Social Democracy
1. Introduction
2. Remarks on Method
3. Historical Sketch
4. Social Democracy as a Theory of Justice
4.1. Working Together
4.2. First Principle: Enabling Social Cooperation
4.3. Second Principle: A Fair Distribution of Work and Its Product
5. Social Democracy vs. Democratic Socialism
6. Social Democracy vs. Left-Liberalism
7. Conclusion
Notes
References
25. Corruption
1. Introduction
1.1. Corruption Defined
2. Functional Corruption: Working Around Institutional Pathologies
3. Limited Access Orders
4. Conclusion
Notes
References
Part VI: Distributive Justice
Introduction to Part VI
26. Property Rights and Justice in Holdings: A Libertarian Perspective
1. Introduction
2. Locke on Just Initial Acquisition
3. Historical Entitlement
4. How Liberty Upsets Patterns
5. Redistribution and Property Rights
6. The Natural Right of Property
7. Five Complexities Concerning Property Rights
Notes
References
27. High Liberalism
1. Classical Liberalism and the Evolution of the High Liberal Tradition
2. Basic Rights and Liberties, Effective Freedoms and the Principle of Basic Needs
3. The Liberal Significance of Political Equality and the Integrity of Democracy
4. Substantive Equality of Opportunities
5. A Regulated Market Economy
6. Distributive Justice and the Social Minimum
7. The High Liberal Conception of Public Goods
8. The Public Nature of Political Power and Political Justification Through Public Reasons
Notes
References
28. Institutionalism, Injustice, and Personal Responsibility
1. The Institutional Ideal
2. Institutional Fundamentalism
3. Evading the Burdens of Justice?
4. Reparations and Unjust Institutions
5. Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Notes
References
29. Social Justice
1. Critique of the Distributive Paradigm
2. Recognition
3. Epistemic Injustice
4. Relational Egalitarianism
5. Structural Injustice
6. Conclusion
Note
References
Further Reading
30. Justice Across Borders
1. Introduction
2. Foundational Arguments
3. From the Good Samaritan to Institutional Interconnection
4. Structural Injustice
5. Global Gender Justice
6. The Refugee Crisis
7. Conclusion
Notes
References
Further Reading
Part VII: Democracy
Introduction to Part VII
31. In Defense of Epistocracy: Enlightened Preference Voting
1. Voter Behavior 101
2. We Don\'t Make It Up in Bulk
3. Incompetent Rule Is Unjust
4. Enlightened Preference Voting
References
32. Voting Rules
1. Introduction
2. Binary Elections
2.1. Axioms
2.2. May\'s Theorem
2.3. Weak Anonymity
3. Multi-Candidate Elections
3.1. Plurality Rule
3.2. Ranked Voting Methods
3.3. Impossibility Theorems
3.4. The Condorcet Criterion
3.5. Instant Runoff Voting
4. Strategic Incentives
5. Voting Power
6. Conclusion
Notes
Further Reading
References
33. Enabling Informed and Equal Participation
1. Basic Rights to Participate
2. Informational Power
3. The Distribution of Informational Power
4. What Is Rational Participation?
5. The Social Conditions of Sophistication
6. The Division of Labor Among Citizens
7. Equality in the Transmission of Information
8. The Interest in Free Information and the Right to Participation
References
34. What, If Anything, Can Justify Limiting Workers\' Voice?
1. Introduction
2. Arguments From Rights
2.1. Arguments From Property Rights
2.2. Arguments From Contractual Rights
3. Arguments From Consequences
3.1. Arguments From Consequences for Workers
3.2. Arguments for Consequences for Society
4. Conclusion: What Not to Expect From Non-Capitalist Workplaces
Notes
References
35. Social Trust
1. Introduction
2. Trust, Economy, and Governance
2.1. Does Social Trust Support Collective Action?
2.2. Does Social Trust Enhance Economic Development?
2.3. Does Trust Affect Government Performance?
3. Trust in Society and Institutions
3.1. Does Diversity Lower Social Trust and Social Cohesion?
3.2. Does Inequality Decrease Social Trust?
3.3. Does Low Social Trust Increase Corruption?
4. Conclusion
References
Index