دانلود کتاب The Routledge International Handbook of the Psychology of Morality

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Cover\nHalf Title\nTitle Page\nCopyright Page\nTable of Contents\nList of Figures\nList of Contributors\n1 Introduction: What Is Right and What Is Wrong Relates to Who You Are and Where You Belong—unpacking the Psychology of Morality\n One Giant Umbrella: Different Topics, Different Levels\n References\nPart I A Vision On Morality\n 2 Forward: The Century of Moral Psychology\n Introduction\n What Moral Psychology Was\n The New Synthesis in Moral Psychology\n The Next Decade (Or Century) of Moral Psychology\n References\nPart II Moral Reasoning\nPart IIa A Vision On Moral Reasoning\n 3 Moral Reasoning: My Personal Journey\n Introduction\n Cognitive Processes: Ethical Awareness\n Cognitive Processes: Moral Disengagement at Work\n Affective Processes: Moral Outrage\n Affective Processes: Fear, Elevation and Voice\n Conclusion\n References\nPart IIb Empirical Review Chapters On Moral Reasoning\n 4 The Intrapersonal Level: Intrapersonal Moral Reasoning\n Introduction\n Sacrificial Dilemmas\n Analytic Approaches\n Traditional Approach: Relative Preference for Harm Rejection Versus Outcome-Maximization\n Modelling Approaches: Independently Assessing Harm Rejection and Outcome-Maximization\n Theoretical Models of Moral Reasoning\n Original “Hard” Dual Process Model\n Revised “Soft” Dual Process Model\n Future Directions\n Conclusion\n Notes\n References\n 5 The Interpersonal Level: Impartial Beneficence—the Forgotten Core of Utilitarian Psychology\n Introduction\n Trolleyology\n A Missing Piece: Impartial Beneficence\n The Two-Dimensional Model of Utilitarian Psychology\n Individual Differences\n Underlying Processes\n Social Perceptions\n Future Directions\n Conclusion\n Note\n References\n 6 The Intragroup Level: How Social Identity Tunes Moral Cognition\n Introduction\n Moving Beyond Intuition Versus Reason\n Social Identities Tune Preferences and Goals\n Social Identities Tune Expectations\n Social Identities Tune What Outcomes Matter\n Directions for Future Research\n Conclusion\n Acknowledgments\n Note\n References\n 7 The Intergroup Level: Human = Moral—the Boundary Conditions for Moral Reasoning Engagement in Intergroup Contexts\n Introduction\n Moral Reasoning Is Gated By Contaminant Proximity\n The Influence of Proximity On Moral Reasoning for Intergroup Relations\n Denying Outgroup Members Moral Reasoning: Avoidance Action-Tendencies\n Perceiving Outgroups as Prepared Stimuli\n Final Thoughts and Directions for Future Research\n References\nPart III Moral Judgments\nPart IIIa A Vision On Moral Judgments\n 8 Moral Judgment: What Makes It Unique?\n My Interest in Moral Judgment\n Moral Judgments in the Context of Social Judgment and Social Evaluation\n Moral Judgments Are Unique Because the Definition of Morality Is Not Trivial\n Moral Judgments Are Unique Because They Are Based On Values\n Moral Judgments Are Unique Because They Depend On Perspective\n Moral Judgments Are Unique Because Negative Exemplars Have a Higher Weight Than Positive Ones\n Moral Judgments Are Unique Because They Are Highly Related to Valence\n Conclusions\n References\nPart IIIb Empirical Review Chapters On Moral Judgments\n 9 The Intrapersonal Level: How Power Shapes the Judgment of Others’ Moral Character—a Social Context Perspective\n Introduction\n Moral Judgment\n Power Often Elicits Negative Moral Judgments\n Power May Also Induce Positive Moral Judgments\n The Social Context of Moral Judgment\n Power, Moral Judgments, and Social Norms\n Future Research Directions\n Conclusion\n References\n 10 The Interpersonal Level: Interpersonal Consequences of Moral Judgments About Others\n Introduction\n Morality and Interpersonal Perception\n Morality Can Unite and Divide\n Why Morality Affects Interpersonal Judgment and Behavior\n Characteristics of Moral Judgments and Beliefs\n Violations of Morality Prompt Person-Focused Attributions\n Moral Emotions Promote Attributional Certainty and Inhibit Revision\n Future Directions for Research\n Privileged Status of Moral Beliefs\n Attributional Processes\n Unitary Or Foundation-Specific Consequences\n Conclusion\n References\n 11 The Intragroup Level: Moral Character in Group Perception\n Introduction\n Two-dimensional Models of Impression Formation: Theoretical Bases\n Evaluating Ingroup and Outgroup Members: Morality Dominates Group Impressions\n The Importance of Being (Perceived) Moral: Morality as Group Validation\n Conclusion\n References\n 12 The Intergroup Level: Social Neuroscience of Intergroup Decision-Making\n Introduction\n Decision-Making Methods Relevant to Moral Psychology\n Behavioral Decision-Making Paradigms\n Neuroscientific and Computational Methods\n Intergroup Decision-Making\n Social Neuroscience of Intergroup Categorization and Evaluation\n Brief Introduction to the Social Neuroscience of Intergroup Bias\n Intergroup Perception and Categorization\n Intergroup and Moral Evaluation\n Social Neuroscience of Intergroup Decision-Making\n Brief Introduction to the Social Neuroscience of Decision-Making\n Intergroup Trust and Cooperation\n Intergroup Fairness\n Intergroup Moral Value Computation Model\n Unresolved Questions and Future Directions\n Note\n References\nPart IV Moral Emotions\nPart IVa A Vision On Moral Emotions\n 13 A Vision (And Definition) of Moral Emotions\n References\nPart IVb Empirical Review Chapters On Moral Emotions\n 14 The Intrapersonal Level: Beyond Contamination and Disgust—the Role of Moral Emotion in Threat Monitoring and Moral Judgment\n Disease Threat, and Inducing and Reducing Disgust\n Beyond Disgust and the Behavioral Immune System: Threat Monitoring\n Better Safe Than Sorry\n References\n 15 The Interpersonal Level: What Is Shame? Shame as a Relational Network of Emotion-Experience\n Introduction\n Shame and Shared Agreements\n Shame and Current Issues\n Shame and Controversies\n Shame and Unresolved Questions\n Shame: Important Practical Implications\n Conclusion\n Note\n References\n 16 The Intragroup Level: Moral Emotions, Empathy, and Acceptance of Others as Ingroup Members—a Social Neuroscience Perspective\n Introduction\n Disgust\n Collective Guilt\n Schadenfreude\n Implications of Moral Emotions for People in Groups\n References\n 17 The Intergroup Level: Moral Emotions in Intergroup Relations—the Motivations and Consequences of Advantaged...\n Introduction\n Three Types of Emotional and Behavioral Orientations to Intergroup Inequality By Disadvantaged and Advantaged Group Members\n Which Emotions Are Associated With the Likelihood for Members of Advantaged Group to Challenge the Intergroup Inequality?\n Advantaged Group Members’ Identity Forms and Their Association With Emotions and Attitudes Towards Intergroup Inequality\n Relations to Color-Blindness Versus Color-Cognizance\n How Do Members of Disadvantaged Groups Perceive Members of Advantaged Groups Who Aim to Challenge the Intergroup Inequality?\n Further Introduction\n Perceived Motivation of Allies and Trust\n Awareness of Power Dynamics and Hope\n Autonomy- Versus Dependency-Oriented Help, Feeling Respected and Empowerment\n Controversies, Unresolved Questions and Future Directions\n Practical Implications\n References\nPart V Moral Behaviour\nPart Va A Vision On Moral Behaviour\n 18 Behavioural Ethics: A Retrospective Reflection and Prospective Prescription\n References\nPart Vb Empirical Review Chapters On Moral Behavior\n 19 The Intrapersonal Level: From Feelings to Moral Actions—a Working Memory Model of Emotional Influences On People’s Own Moral Behaviours\n Working Memory as a Central Hub for Affective Processing\n From Feelings to Moral Actions: a Brief Overview of State and Dispositional Emotional Influences On Moral Behaviour\n Working Memory Constrains of Emotional Influences On Moral Behaviour\n Unresolved Questions, and Practical Implications of a Working Memory Model\n References\n 20 The Interpersonal Level: Affirming Transgressors’ Morality as a Strategy to Promote Apologies and...\n Introduction\n Obstacles to Apology and Reconciliation\n Addressing Transgressors’ Need for Positive Moral Identity Can Open Them to Apology and Reconciliation\n Unresolved Issues Concerning the Positive Effect of Restoring Transgressors’ Moral Identity\n Future Research Directions\n Practical Implications\n Conclusion\n Notes\n References\n 21 The Intragroup Level: When and Why Reputational Concerns Influence Immoral Behaviour\n Introduction\n Moral Behaviour Viewed From an Intragroup Perspective\n When Reputational Concerns Decrease Immoral Behaviour\n When Reputational Concerns Do Not Influence Immoral Behaviour\n When Reputational Concerns Increase Immoral Behaviour\n Emerging Patterns, Practical Implications and Future Directions\n Conclusion\n Contributor Statement\n Notes\n References\n 22 The Intergroup Level: The Strategic Use of Morality in Intergroup Relations\n Introduction\n The Main Theoretical Issues Concerning Morality in Intergroup Relations\n The Main Empirical Insights\n Visible Power: Moral Framing as Agenda-Setting\n Hidden Power: Moral Framing as Impression Management\n Invisible Power: Moral Framing to Preserve Power and Privilege\n The Main Controversies and Unresolved Questions\n The Important Practical Implications of Current Insights On this Topic and Level\n References\nPart VI Moral Self-Views\nPart VIa A Vision On Moral Self-Views\n 23 On the Vertical: How the Moral Self Pursues Its Highest Good\nPart VIb Empirical Review Chapters On Moral Self-Views\n 24 The Intrapersonal Level: The Moral Self\n Introduction\n The Moral Self Within the Greater Self Concept\n The Regulatory Function of the Moral Self\n Influences On and of the Moral Self\n One’s Own Behavior: Real and Imagined\n Others’ Behavior\n Maintaining the Moral Self Via Cognitive Processes\n Future Directions\n Conclusion\n Notes\n References\n 25 The Interpersonal Level: Moral Self-Views, at the Interpersonal Level of Analysis\n Introduction\n An Interpersonal Framework for Understanding Moral Self-Views\n Reactions to Our Actions\n Reactions to Morality: Positive Self-Esteem and Praise\n Reactions to Immorality: Guilt, Embarrassment, and Blame\n Others’ Actions\n Moral Actions: Exemplars, Vicarious Self-Concepts, and Reactance\n Immoral Actions: Condemnation, Downward Comparison, and Gossip\n Directions for Future Research\n Moral Conversations\n Integrating Across Multiple Levels of Analysis\n Conclusion\n References\n 26 The Intragroup Level: Morally Motivated Intragroup Deviance and Dissent\n Introduction\n Why Group Members Might Become Moral Rebels\n (a) Moral Rebellion for Personal Reasons\n (b) Moral Rebellion for Reasons Relating to Group Concerns\n Responses to Moral Rebels\n When Moral Rebellion Is MORE Likely to Be Punished By the Group\n When Moral Rebellion Is LESS Likely to Be Punished By the Group\n Practical Implications and Future Research\n Final Words\n References\n 27 The Intergroup Level: Moral Self-Views\n Introduction\n Moral Self-Enhancement: an Intergroup Approach\n The Challenges of Creating Moral Reform as an Outgroup Member.\n How Intergroup Audiences Shape Willingness to Give and Receive Moral Feedback\n Unresolved Questions\n Practical Implications\n References\nPart VII A Concluding Vision\n 28 How Morality Shapes Research: A Conversation With the Editors\n References\nIndex