دانلود کتاب The Sound Structure of Modern Irish

فهرست مطالب :

I Introduction\n 1. Historical background\n 1.1. Ogam (400-600)\n 1.2. Old Irish (600-900)\n 1.3. Middle Irish (900-1200)\n 1.4. Classical Modern Irish (1200-1600)\n 1.5. Early Modern Irish (1600-1900)\n 1.6. Modern Irish (1900- )\n 1.6.1. Irish in the twentieth-first century\n 2. Dialects of Irish today\n 2.1. Research on Irish dialects\n 2.2. Linguistic research on Irish\n 2.2.1. Individual dialect monographs\n 2.2.2. Research on Irish phonology\n 2.3. Main phonetic differences between dialects\n 2.4. Data for former dialect areas\n 2.5. Written documentation of Irish dialects\nII The phonological framework\n 1. Sound inventory\n 1.1. The palatal / non-palatal distinction\n 1.1.1. Primary and secondary palatals\n 1.1.2. How phonological contrasts are realised\n 1.1.3. How contrasts are realised: polarity and polarity reversal\n 1.2. Palatality and palatalisation\n 1.3. Status of the feature [palatal]\n 1.4. Independent and dependent segments\n 1.5. Pairwise notation\n 1.6. Lexical sets for Modern Irish\n 1.7. The consonant system\n 1.7.1. Stops\n 1.7.2. Fricatives\n 1.7.3. Shifts in articulation\n 1.8. The sonorant system\n 1.8.1. Nasals\n 1.8.2. Laterals\n 1.8.3. R-sounds\n 1.8.4. Three-way distinctions among sonorants\n 1.8.5. Polarised and non-polarised sonorants\n 1.8.6. Historical development\n 1.8.7. The position of the orthography\n 1.8.8. Possible phonological analyses\n 1.8.9. Abstract phonological derivations\n 1.8.10. Lexical tagging\n 1.8.11. Vowel tagging and assimilation\n 1.8.12. Parallels in other languages\n 1.9. The vowel system\n 1.9.1. Long vowels\n 1.9.2. Relative status of vowels\n 1.9.3. Weighting of consonants and vowels\n 1.9.4. Vowel gradation\n 1.9.5. Short vowels\n 1.9.6. Unstressed vowels\n 1.9.7. Diphthongs\n 1.9.8. Glides\n 1.9.9. Historical developments\n 2. Phonotactics\n 2.1. Permissible clusters\n 2.2. Cluster simplification\n 2.3. Sonorant shift\n 2.4. Interpretation of [h]\n 2.5. Vowel phonotactics\n 2.6. Prefixed consonants\n 2.7. Minor processes\n 2.7.1. Internal lenition and voicing\n 2.7.2. Final devoicing\n 2.7.3. Assibilation of glottal fricatives\n 2.7.4. Depalatalisation of /r\"/\n 2.7.5. Assimilation across word boundaries\n 2.7.6. F in Irish\n 2.7.7. Elision phenomena\n 2.7.8. Articulatory shifts\n 2.8. Epenthesis\n 2.8.1. Motivation for epenthesis\n 2.8.2. Epenthesis and syncope\n 2.8.3. Epenthesis and areality\n 2.8.4. Epenthesis in Southern Irish\n 2.8.5. Epenthesis and other processes\n 2.8.6. Consonant epenthesis\n 2.9. Metathesis\n 2.9.1. Delimiting metathesis\n 2.9.2. Metathesis and other processes\n 2.9.3. The domain of metathesis\n 2.9.4. Possible motivation for metathesis\n 2.9.5. Metathesis and syllable structure\n 2.9.6. Metathesis across syllable boundaries\n 2.9.7. More on syllable structure\n 2.9.8. Double, split-level and distant metathesis\n 2.9.9. Metathesis and grammatical information\n 2.9.10. Metathesis with loanwords\n 2.9.11. Exceptions to metathesis\n 2.9.12. Base form and metathesis\n 2.9.13. Phonological processes and metathesis\n 3. Stress in Irish\n 3.1. Word stress in Southern Irish\nIII The morphonology of Irish\n 1. Origins and development of initial mutation\n 1.1. Divisions within Celtic\n 1.1.1. P-Celtic and Q-Celtic\n 1.1.2. Gaulish\n 1.2. Primitive Irish: Ogam\n 1.2.1. Glides and labial obstruents\n 1.3. Mutations in Old Irish\n 1.4. Evidence for lenition in Celtic\n 1.4.1. Lenition in loanwords\n 1.5. The origin of mutation in Celtic\n 1.5.1. Relative chronology of mutation\n 1.5.2. A case in point: the third person possessive pronouns\n 1.6. A minimal system of mutation\n 1.6.1. Regularity and scope of mutation\n 1.6.2. Disruption of the system\n 1.6.3. Overlap and zero in mutation\n 1.7. Effectiveness of mutation systems\n 1.7.1. Analogical spread and regularity\n 1.7.2. Lenition of sonorants\n 1.7.3. Realignment of oppositions\n 1.7.4. Tenseness, gemination and lenition\n 1.8. Extensions after functionalisation\n 1.8.1. Redundancy with mutation\n 1.8.2. Analytical trends in Irish\n 2. Initial mutation in Modern Irish\n 2.2. Prefixation of consonants\n 2.2.1. Prefix H\n 2.2.2. Prefix T\n 2.2.3. Prefix D\n 2.3. Analysis of the mutations\n 2.3.1. Nasalisation\n 2.3.2. Lenition\n 3. Organisation and principles\n 3.1. Base and root\n 3.2. Type of alteration\n 3.3. Base margin alteration\n 3.4. Root extension and remnants of older patterns\n 3.5. Scope of base margin alteration\n 3.6. Anomalies in the mutation system\n 3.7. Canonical word form\n 4. Origins and development of palatalisation\n 4.1. Spread of palatalisation\n 4.2. Contrast in lexical words\n 4.3. Palatalisation and morphonology\n 4.4. Palatalisation in syllable rhymes\n 5. Palatalisation in Russian and Irish\n 5.1. Palatalisation: origin, extent and function\n 5.2. Palatalisation as a cover feature\n 5.3. The position of /j/\n 5.4. Segment inventories\n 5.4.1. The palatalisation of labials\n 5.4.2. The palatalisation of velars\n 5.4.3. The interpretation of [i] and [*]\n 5.4.4. Coronal consonants\n 5.4.5. Coronal sonorants\n 5.4.6. Labialisation of vowels\n 5.4,7. Inflection in Irish and Russian\nIV Typological viewpoints\n 1. Introduction\n 2. Scottish Gaelic\n 3. Welsh\n 3.1.1. Nasalisation\n 3.1.2. Feature interpretation of mutation\n 3.1.3. The two leniting mutations of Welsh\n 3.1.4. Major and minor lenition\n 3.1.5. Genesis of mutation\n 4. Breton\n 5. Italian\n 6. Spanish\n 6.1. Andalusian Spanish\n 6.2. Canary Spanish\n 6.3. Castilian Spanish\n 7. Danish\n 8. Baltic Finnic\n 8.1. Finnish\n 8.2. Estonian\n 9. Nivkh\n 10. Fula\n 11. Southern Paiute\n 12. Central Vanuatu languages\n 13. Conclusion\n 13.1. Types of mutation\n 13.2. Weak and strong mutation\n 13.2.1. Exponence of weak mutation\n 13.2.2. Exponence of strong mutation\n 13.2.3. Two step and mixed mutation\n 13.3. Diachronic developments\nV Appendixes\n 1. The history of Irish\n 1.1. Studies of Irish\n 1.2. The bardic tracts\n 1.3. Early grammars of Irish\n 1.4. Bibliographical information on Irish\n 2. The sound system of Modern Irish\n 2.1. The consonant inventory\n 2.2. The vowel inventory\n 3. Lexical sets for Irish\n 4. The transcription of Irish\n 5. Scottish Gaelic\n 5.1. Linguistic features\nGlossary\nReferences\nSubject index\nLanguage index\nName index