دانلود کتاب The Sounds and Phonemes of Wulfila's Gothic

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INTRODUCTION\n1. THE ORIGIN OF THE GOTHIC ALPHABET\n1.0 Methodological remarks\n1.01 The Alphabet\n1.02 Alphabets from which borrowing was possible\n1.03 The value of a study of the alphabet for determining pronunciation\n1.1 The origin of the single signs\n1.11 Signs certainly borrowed from the Greek\n1.12 q\n1.13 h\n1.14 þ\n1.15 j\n1.16 u\n1.17 r\n1.18 f\n1.19 o\n1.20 Excursus on the sign hu\n2. LOAN WORDS AND TRANSCRIPTIONS OF PROPER NAMES\n2.0 Methodological remarks\n2.1 Transcription of Biblical names\n2.10 Methodological remarks\n2.11 The essential correspondences\n2.2 The pronunciation of 4th century Greek\n2.20 Methodological remarks\n2.21 Discussion of the single signs\n2.2 A. The pronunciation of certain Latin signs in the 4th century\n2.2 B. The pronunciation of certain runic signs\n2.3 Preliminary conclusions based on the alphabet and the loans\n2.31 Pronunciation of the vowel signs\n2.32 Pronunciation of the consonant signs\n3. INTERNAL EVIDENCE I: ORTHOGRAPHICAL DEVIANTS\n3.0 Methodological remarks\n3.01 The scribes\n3.02 Are all errors errors of the scribes?\n3.03 What do scribal errors tell us about Wulfila’s pronunciation?\n3.04 Do all scribal errors afford us evidence of pronunciation?\n3.05 What are scribal errors?\n3.1 The errors and their interpretation\n3.10 Types of errors\n3.11 Mechanical errors\n3.12 Errors which may indicate pronunciation\n3.13 Errors indicating pronunciation\n3.14 Isolated errors of various types\n3.2 Syllabification\n3.21 Diphthong vs. monophthong\n3.22 hu\n3.23 ggw\n3.3 Conclusions\n4. INTERNAL EVIDENCE II: SYSTEM-DERIVED EVIDENCE\n4.1 Evidence derived from the configuration of the system\n4.10 Methodological remarks\n4.11 Patterning\n4.12 Phonemic opposition\n4.13 Method of contrastive pairs\n4.2 Regular alternations within the system\n4.20 Methodological remarks\n4.21 The evidence and discussion of the evidence\n4.3 Conclusions\n4.31 Pronunciation of the vowels (tentative conclusions)\n4.32 Pronunciation of the consonants (tentative conclusions)\n4.33 General conclusions\n5. COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE\n5.1 The value of comparative evidence in determining Wulfila’s pronunciation\n5.10 Methodological remarks\n5.11 Discussion of each individual sign\n5.2 ai and au in inflectional endings\n5.3 The value of our discussion of the pronunciation of Wulfila’s Gothic for comparative study\nCONCLUSIONS\nBIBLIOGRAPHY\nPOSTSCRIPT, 1972\nADDENDA & CORRIGENDA