دانلود کتاب The Species Problem: A Conceptual History

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Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Contents
Preface
About the Author
Introduction
Chapter 1: The Species Problem: In Broad Strokes on a Conceptual Historical Canvas
1.1. Developing Cognitive Situation
1.1.1. Structure of Cognitive Situation
1.1.2. Species, Species Concept, Species Problem
1.2. History on a Conceptualistic Account
1.3. A Historical Narrative of The Species Problem
Chapter 2: Antique Natural Philosophy: Species as Eidos
2.1. Classical Period: The Birth of Genos and Eidos
2.1.1. Plato’s Eidology
2.1.2. Aristotle’s Ousiology
2.1.3. Aristotelian Polysemy: The Problem Arises
2.1.4. Theophrastus’ Enquiry into Plants
2.2. Neoplatonists: Porphyry’s Questions
Chapter 3: The Middle Ages: Species as Universalia
3.1. An Eve of Scholasticism: The Beginning of Genus and Species
3.2. Realism: Species Really Exists
3.3. Conceptualism: Species Concept Refers to Something Real
3.4. Nominalism: Species Concept Refers to Nothing Real
3.5. Genus-Species Scheme
Chapter 4: The Renaissance and the Early Modern Times: Species as Classification Unit
4.1. The Renaissance Turn and The “Second” Scholasticism
4.2. The Early Modern Times: Natural-Classificatory Dualism
4.3. The Origin of Systematics: Species of The Living
4.3.1. Herbal Epoch as a Precursor
4.3.2. From Cesalpino to Ray: A Scholastic Legacy
4.3.3. Tournefort and Linnaeus: Disconnection of Genus and Species
4.3.4. Adanson, Jussieu, etc.: The Birth of Natural Systematics
4.3.5. “Ladderists” Against “Systemists”
Chapter 5: The Modern Times: Species as Biological Unit
5.1. The Forerunners: Initial Routs of Objectivation of Biological Species
5.1.1. Biblical Motifs
5.1.2. Generative Idea
5.2. The 19th Century and Beyond: Biologization of The Species Problem
5.2.1. Evolutionary Idea: Species as an Actor of Biological Evolution
5.2.2. Ecological Idea: Species as a Component of Ecosystem
5.3. Biosystematics and Others: Fall and Rise of Species
5.4. “Multiplication of Essences”: The Kinds of Species
Chapter 6: The Contemporary: The Newest Issues
6.1. Species Definition: A Conceptual Pyramid
6.2. Species Ontology: New Questions
6.3. The “New Essentialism”: An Evolving Specieshood?
6.4. If Not Species, Then What?
References
Index