دانلود کتاب The State of Texas: Government, Politics, and Policy, 5e

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Table of Contents and Preface Cover Page Front End Sheets Texas Podcast Assignments Title Page Government, Politics, and Policy Copyright Information Preface Developing Foundational Knowledge and Honing Skills Understanding Impact How To Informing and Engaging Students on Texas Government . . . as It Happens Concept Clips Focus On Emphasizing Texas Voices Content Changes Instructor Resources Learning Outcomes and Core Objectives Learning Outcomes and Core Objectives Correlation Table Brief Contents Contents About the Author Acknowledgments Chapter 1: Introduction to Texas History and Politics Chapter 1 Introduction Flags of Texas: From Spain to Statehood Spain France, Briefly Spain Returns The Republic of Mexico The Republic of Texas The Twenty-Eighth State of the Union The Confederate State of Texas Civil War and Reconstruction: A Time of Transition Effects of the Civil War Reconstruction in Texas Post-Reconstruction Texas Land Transformation of the Texas Economy Texas’s Economic Regions Texas Politics: From Democrat to Republican Demographics: The Road to Majority-Minority Challenges in Texas Recession in Texas National Issues Immigration and In-Migration Today Texas Political Culture Types of Political Culture Populism, Progressivism, and Other Ideologies Conclusion Summary Key Terms Chapter 2: The American Federal System and the Texas State Constitution Chapter 2 Introduction The American Federal System of Government The Federal Structure The Evolution of American Federalism Relations between States in the Federal System Conclusion to Federalism Principles of Constitutional Government Characteristics Common to State Constitutions Separation of Powers Bill of Rights Supreme Law of the State Evolution of the Texas Constitution: 1824–1876 Constitutions under the Republic of Mexico The Republic of Texas Constitution of 1836 Statehood Constitution of 1845 The Civil War and Reconstruction Constitutions of 1861, 1866, and 1869 The Constitution of 1876 Culture Drives Institutions Important Sections of the Texas Constitution Article I: Bill of Rights Article II: The Powers of Government Article III: Legislative Department Article IV: Executive Department Article V: Judicial Department Additional Articles Comparing the Structure of State Constitutions Amending and Revising State Constitutions Patterns of Constitutional Change Amending the Texas Constitution Criticisms of the Texas Constitution Conclusion to the Texas Constitution Summary Key Terms Chapter 3: The Texas Legislature Chapter 3 Introduction The Structure and Size of the Texas Legislature General Characteristics of the Legislature Sessions and Session Length Qualifications and Demographics Salary Staff and Facilities Single-Member versus Multimember Districts Reapportionment and Redistricting Equity of Representation Minority Representation Political and Racial Gerrymandering Redistricting in 2001 2003 and the Texas Eleven Redistricting in 2011 and Beyond Getting Elected Competition for House and Senate Seats Term Limits Turnover in State Legislatures Leadership Positions in the Texas Legislature Speaker of the House Lieutenant Governor Committees in the House and Senate Functions Lawmaking Budget and Taxation Oversight Impeachment Procedures Formal Rules: How a Bill Becomes a Law The Governor Legislative Workload and Logjams Legislative Roles Representational Roles Partisan Roles Legislative Professionalism versus Citizen Legislatures Conclusion Summary Key Terms Chapter 4: The Executive Department and the Office of the Governor of Texas Chapter 4 Introduction Qualifications Formal Qualifications Informal Qualifications Salary Succession to Office and Acting Governor Postgubernatorial Office Removal from Office Formal Powers of the Governor Election of Other Statewide Executives Tenure of Office Governor’s Appointment Powers Budgetary Powers Legislative Powers Governor’s Control over Party Administrative Agencies of State Government Legislative Agencies Judicial Agencies Judicial Powers Ex Officio Boards and Commissions Multi-Appointment Boards Democratic Control and Bureaucratic Responsiveness Sunset Review Powers of the Texas Governor in Comparative Context Informal Powers Roles The Governor’s Staff Conclusion Summary Key Terms Chapter 5: The Court System in Texas Chapter 5 Introduction The Legal System Types of Law Grand Jury Petit Jury Judicial Federalism The Structure of State Courts Trial and Appellate Courts Magistrate or Minor Courts County Courts District Courts Appellate Courts Supreme Courts Judicial Selection Appointment by the Governor Election by the Legislature Partisan Election Nonpartisan Election The Merit, or Missouri, Plan Judicial Selection in Texas Partisan Elections Appointive-Elective System Is There a Best System for Judicial Selection? Challenges to the Judiciary in Texas Familiar Names Can Skew Judicial Elections Straight-Ticket Voting Campaign Contributions Gender and Minority Representation in the Texas Judiciary Removing and Disciplining Judges Court Decision Making Conclusion Summary Key Terms Chapter 6: The Criminal Justice System in Texas Chapter 6 Introduction Elements of the Criminal Justice System Law Enforcement and Policing Criminal Law and Civil Law Criminal Justice Policy Juvenile Justice Government’s Duties to Minors Procedures Involving Juveniles Correction and Rehabilitation The State Prison System Managing the Prison Population Private Prisons Local Government Jails The “Three R’s”: Recidivism, Rehabilitation, and Reform The Death Penalty Texas, the Death Penalty, and the Harris County Factor Poverty and Access to Legal Services Problems and Reform: Implications for Public Policy Overcriminalization Sentencing Reform Police Militarization Civil Asset Forfeiture Mental Illness in Prison Fine and Fee Practices Suicide Technology and Crime Exoneration Race, Gender, and the Criminal Justice System Misconduct in the Justice System Conclusion Summary Key Terms Chapter 7: Local Governments in Texas Chapter 7 Introduction Federalism Revisited Creatures of the State General Law Cities and Home Rule Incorporation: The Process of Creating a City Annexation Types of City Government Council-Manager Government Mayor-Council Government Commission Form of Government Municipal Elections Texas Municipal Election Systems Nonpartisan Elections Voter Turnout in Local Elections County Governments The Structure of County Government Weaknesses of County Government in Texas Possible Reform of County Government Special District Governments School Districts Conclusion Summary Key Terms Chapter 8: Public Opinion and the Media in Texas Chapter 8 Introduction Public Opinion What Is Public Opinion? How Can It Be Measured? Why Is It Important? The Media and Their Functions What Are the Media? Media Sources: Print, Broadcast, and Online Print Media: Newspapers and Magazines Broadcast Media: Radio and Television New Media: The Internet and Social Media Networks The Media in Political Campaigns Traditional Media Digital Media Digital Campaigning and Citizen Participation Media Bias Perceptions of Media Bias Reality of Media Bias Regulating the Media Federal Regulation of Print and Broadcast Media Federal Regulation of the Internet State and Local Regulation Whose Media? Who Owns the Media? The Future of Media Conclusion Summary Key Terms Chapter 9: Voting and Political Participation in Texas Chapter 9 Introduction Political Participation Voting in Texas Current Voting Requirements Ongoing Controversies with Voting In Comparison with Other States Voter Turnout in Texas Explaining Voter Turnout The Legacy of Restricted Ballot Access in Texas Social and Economic Factors Felony Conviction and Voting Party Competition and Gerrymandering Other Factors Affecting Voter Turnout Rationalist Explanations for Low Voter Turnout Other Forms of Political Participation Conclusion Summary Key Terms Chapter 10: Elections and Campaigns in Texas Chapter 10 Introduction Campaigns The Role of the Media in Campaigns and Elections Political Consultants Money in Campaigns The Election Process Ballot Form Ballot Access to the November General Election Independent and Third-Party Candidates Party Caucus Political Differences between Open and Closed Primary Systems The Administration and Finance of Primary Elections Special Elections The Federal Voting Rights Act Absentee and Early Voting The Changing Nature of Elections Conclusion Summary Key Terms Chapter 11: Political Parties in Texas Chapter 11 Introduction How Parties Have Operated in the United States Modern Campaigns Political Parties Diminished National versus State Parties The Strength of State Party Organizations Party versus Ideology Evolution of Political Parties in Texas Politics of the Republic of Texas Annexation and the Civil War Era The One-Party Democratic Era in Texas Fractures in the Texas Democratic Party Party Realignment in Texas A Three-Party State The Election of John Tower A Two-Party State The “Conversion” and Election of Phil Gramm Texas Republicans Seize Control The One-Party Republican Era in Texas The Current Party System in Texas Today’s Texas Republicans Blue Texas? Maybe Not . . . Third Parties in Texas Challenges for Third Parties Party Organizations Permanent Party Organization Temporary Party Organization Caucus and Primary Delegate Selection Systems Texas Presidential Primaries 2008 Democratic Party Caucuses Conclusion Summary Key Terms Chapter 12: Interest Groups and Lobbying in Texas Chapter 12 Introduction Interest Group Typology Membership Organizations Nonmembership Organizations Government Organizations Techniques Used by Interest Groups Lobbying Electioneering Public Relations: Public Education and Grassroots Lobbying Litigation Regulation of Interest Groups Factors Influencing the Strength of Interest Groups Leadership and Organization Geographic Distribution Money Economic Diversity Political Party Competition Professionalism of the State Legislature Fragmented Government Structure Conclusion Summary Key Terms Chapter 13: Public Policy in Texas Chapter 13 Introduction Steps in the Policy-Making Process: The “Policy Cycle” Problem Identification and Agenda Setting Policy Formation Policy Adoption Policy Implementation Policy Evaluation Public Policy Areas in Texas State Government Regulatory Policy Health Care Policy Primary and Secondary Education in Texas Higher Education in Texas Social Policies Immigration Policy Water Policy Conclusion Summary Key Terms Chapter 14: Financing State Government Chapter 14 Introduction Why Do Governments Provide Services to Citizens? Characteristics of Public Goods Types of Public Goods Sources of State Revenue Evaluating State Tax State Taxes in Texas Equity in Taxes Regressive and Progressive Taxes Tax Shifting Local Taxes Comparison of State and Local Tax Revenues Nontax Revenue Sources Expenditures: Where the Money Goes The Budget “Fix” Continuing Issues in State Finance in Texas Tax Structure Is There a Personal Income Tax in the Future for Texas? Conclusion Summary Key Terms Glossary Glossary Index Index Back End Sheets Back End Sheets Accessibility Content: Text Alternatives for Images Map 1.1 Text Alternative (Chapter 1) Figure 1.1 Text Alternative (Chapter 1) Figure 1.2 Text Alternative (Chapter 1) Figure 1.3 Text Alternative (Chapter 1) Map 1.2 Text Alternative (Chapter 1) Figure 1.4 Text Alternative (Chapter 1) Map 1.3 Text Alternative (Chapter 1) Figure 2.1 Text Alternative (Chapter 2) Figure 2.2 Text Alternative (Chapter 2) Figure 2.3 Text Alternative (Chapter 2) Early Texas flag Shows Text Alternative (Chapter 2) Map 2.1 Text Alternative (Chapter 2) Map 3.2 Text Alternative (Chapter 3) Figure 3.1 Text Alternative (Chapter 3) The Original Gerrymander Text Alternative (Chapter 3) Map 4.1 Text Alternative (Chapter 4) Map 4.2 Text Alternative (Chapter 4) Map 4.3 Text Alternative (Chapter 4) Figure 4.2 Text Alternative (Chapter 4) Figure 5.1 Text Alternative (Chapter 5) Figure 5.2 Text Alternative (Chapter 5) Figure 5.3 Text Alternative (Chapter 5) Figure 5.4 Text Alternative (Chapter 5) Cartoon sketch Shows Text Alternative (Chapter 5) Figure 5.5 Text Alternative (Chapter 5) Figure 7.2 Text Alternative (Chapter 7) Figure 7.4 Text Alternative (Chapter 7) Figure 8.1 Text Alternative (Chapter 8) Figure 8.2 Text Alternative (Chapter 8) Figure 8.3 Text Alternative (Chapter 8) Figure 8.4 Text Alternative (Chapter 8) Figure 8.5 Text Alternative (Chapter 8) Table 8.6 Text Alternative (Chapter 8) Figure 8.6 Text Alternative (Chapter 8) Figure 8.7 Text Alternative (Chapter 8) Figure 8.8 Text Alternative (Chapter 8) Figure 8.9 Text Alternative (Chapter 8) Figure 8.10 Text Alternative (Chapter 8) Figure 8.11 Text Alternative (Chapter 8) Figure 8.12 Text Alternative (Chapter 8) Figure 9.1 Text Alternative (Chapter 9) Figure 9.2 Text Alternative (Chapter 9) Figure 9.4 Text Alternative (Chapter 9) Map 10.1 Text Alternative (Chapter 10) Figure 11.1 Text Alternative (Chapter 11) Figure 11.2 Text Alternative (Chapter 11) Nature of campaign contributions Shows Text Alternative (Chapter 12) Figure 12.1 Text Alternative (Chapter 12) Figure 14.1 Text Alternative (Chapter 14) Map 14.1 Text Alternative (Chapter 14) Figure 14.2 Text Alternative (Chapter 14) Figure 14.3 Text Alternative (Chapter 14) Figure 14.4 Text Alternative (Chapter 14) Figure 14.5 Text Alternative (Chapter 14) Figure 14.6 Text Alternative (Chapter 14) Figure 14.7 Text Alternative (Chapter 14) Figure 14.8 Text Alternative (Chapter 14)