فهرست مطالب :
Cover
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements
The Visual Memory of Protest: Introduction
Ann Rigney & Thomas Smits
Producing Memorable Images
1 Photojournalism, the World Press Photo Awards, and the Visual Memory of Protest
Marco Solaroli
2 The Photographs of Nair Benedicto and the Memory of Protest in Brazil
Erika Zerwes
3 Deniz Gezmiş Takes to the Streets: From Photograph to Silhouette
Duygu Erbil
Reproduction and Remediation
4 Photography, Memory, and Women in May ’68
Antigoni Memou
5 Scarcity in Visual Memory: Creating a Mural of Sylvia Pankhurst
Clara Vlessing
6 Memory, Iconicity, and Virality in Action: Exploring Protest Photos Online
Samuel Merrill
Mobilizing Visual Memory
7 Visual Memory in Grassroots Mobilizations: The Case of the Anti-Corruption Movement of 2011 in India
Alice Mattoni & Anwesha Chakraborty
8 Visual Activism in Protests against Disappearances: The Photo-Portraits of the 43 Ayotzinapa Students
Sophie Dufays
9 Space and Place in Online Visual Memory: The Tank Man in Hong Kong, 2013–2020
Thomas Smits & Ruben Ros
Index
List of Illustrations
Figure 0.1: A woman raises her hands in front of the police during demonstrations against the G20 summit. Hamburg, Germany, 7 July 2017. Photo: Antonio Masiello/Getty Images.
Figure 1.1: Fatima al-Qaws cradles her son Zayed (18), who is suffering from the effects of tear gas after participating in a street demonstration. Sanaa, Yemen, 15 October 2011. Photo: Samuel Aranda for The New York Times/Panos Pictures.
Figure 1.2: People shouting protests against the Iranian regime from a rooftop, after the disputed presidential elections. Tehran, Iran, 24 June 2009. Photo: Pietro Masturzo.
Figure 1.3: Protesters in Tahrir Square, crying, chanting, and screaming after listening to the speech in which President Hosni Mubarak said he would not give up power. Cairo, Egypt, 10 February 2011. Photo: Alex Majoli for Newsweek/Magnum Photos.
Figure 2.1: Frontline of the rally that followed Santo Dias da Silva’s funeral procession. São Paulo, Brazil, 31 October 1979. Photo: Nair Benedicto/NImagens.
Figure 2.2: Workers on strike gathered in permanent assembly in the Main Church. São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil, 26 April 1980. Photo: Nair Benedicto/F4 Agency.
Figure 2.3: Tônia Carreiro, Eva Wilma, Odete Lara, Norma Bengell, and Cacilda Becker on the frontline of the Passeata dos Cem Mil march against the Military Dictatorship. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 26 June 1968. Photo: Unknown photographer/Arquivo Nacional.
Figure 2.4: Public manifestation at Praça da Sé during International Women’s Day. São Paulo, Brazil, 8 March 1981. Photo: Nair Benedicto/NImagens.
Figure 3.1: Republican People’s Party Youth members at the commemoration of the 36th anniversary of the execution of Deniz Gezmiş, Yusuf Aslan, and Hüseyin İnan. Istanbul, Turkey, 4 May 2008. Photo: Ünsal Karabulut/Anadolu Images.
Figure 3.2: A woman holds a framed print of the photograph of Deniz Gezmiş. Izmir, Turkey, 6 May 2004. Photo: Mehmet Özdoğru/Anadolu Images.
Figure 3.3: Demonstrators gather around a banner by Mücadele Birliği [Struggle Alliance] during the 39th anniversary of the execution of Deniz Gezmiş. Istanbul, Turkey, 6 May 2011. Photo: Metin Tokgöz/Anadolu Images.
Figure 4.1: Paris Match n°1511 du 12 mai 1978. British Library Item: LOU.F234E. Photo: Antigoni Memou.
Figure 5.1: Sylvia Pankhurst Mural. London, United Kingdom, December 2021. Photo: Clara Vlessing.
Figure 5.2: Sylvia Pankhurst speaking from balcony, the Sylvia Pankhurst mural. London, United Kingdom, December 2021. Photo: Clara Vlessing.
Figure 5.3: Sylvia Pankhurst demonstrating, the Sylvia Pankhurst mural. London, United Kingdom, December 2021. Photo: Clara Vlessing.
Figure 5.4: Overview of the Sylvia Pankhurst mural. London, United Kingdom, December 2021. Photo: Clara Vlessing.
Figure 6.1: Constellation of historical photos. Collage based on a Google Image search (September 2021). Produced by Samuel Merrill.
Figure 6.2: Constellation of statuary photos. Collage based on a Google Image search (September 2021). Produced by Samuel Merrill.
Figure 6.3: Constellation of protest photos. Collage based on a Google Image search (September 2021). Produced by Samuel Merrill.
Figure 6.4: The Standoff Template. Collage based on the five protest image-compilation webpages (September 2021). Produced by Samuel Merrill.
Figure 7.1: Hunger strike of Anna Hazare and prominent IAC activists. A portrait of Gandhi is visible on the banner in the background. New Delhi, India, July 2012. Photo: Sanjay Raghav.
Figure 7.2: Hazare and Gandhi on banner. New Delhi, India, 27 December 2011. Photo: Sanjay Raghav.
Figure 7.3: Hazare in the foreground with Gandhi at his shoulder. New Delhi, India, 25 March 2012. Photo: Sanjay Raghav.
Figure 8.1: Images from Te buscaré hasta encontrarte. Ilustradores con Ayotzinapa, 2021. Texts from Elena Poniatowska, Témoris Grecko, Paris Martínez, and David Huerta. Various illustrators. Project by Valeria Gallo, Mauricio Gómez Morin, and Andrea Fuert
Figure 8.2: Mural of Lucio Cabañas with the faces of the 43 students who disappeared in Iguala in 2014; Ayotzinapa Rural Teachers’ College, Guerrero, Mexico, 13 March 2016. Photo: Jessica Torres Barrera.
Figure 8.3: Mural in the “Camp Santo” Neighbourhood. Tixtla, Guerrero, Mexico, 2 November 2014.Photo: Germán Canseco.
Figure 9.1: Pro-democracy activists display the famous ‘Tank Man’ photograph during a march that preceded the annual 4 June Victoria Park vigil to commemorate the 1989 Beijing Tiananmen Square student massacre, Hong Kong, HKSAR, 28 May 2017. Photo: Jerome
Figure 9.2: Absolute Frequency of URLS (that Mention Hong Kong) in our dataset between 2013 and July 2020. Produced by Ruben Ros.
Figure 9.3: Absolute Frequency of Top-25 Domain Extensions. Produced by Ruben Ros.
Figure 9.4: Absolute Frequency of Top-25 Top Level Domains. Produced by Ruben Ros.
Figure 9.5: Normalized Diachronic Topic Distribution with 10 Topics between 2013 and July 2020. Produced by Ruben Ros.
Figure 9.6: Normalized Diachronic Topic Distribution with 20 Topics between 2013 and July 2020. Produced by Ruben Ros.