دانلود کتاب The Wiley Handbook on the Cognitive Neuroscience of Learning

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Title Page......Page 5
Copyright Page......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
About the Contributors......Page 9
Preface......Page 12
Chapter 1 The Cognitive Neuroscience of Learning: Introduction and Intent......Page 13
References......Page 16
Part I Associative Learning......Page 17
Introduction......Page 19
Major Variables Supporting Pavlovian Learning......Page 21
Psychological Principles of Pavlovian Learning......Page 33
Prediction Error (US Surprise)......Page 35
Neural Principles of Conditioning......Page 38
Conclusions......Page 45
References......Page 48
Summary and Scope......Page 59
Conditions for Association......Page 61
Dopamine Prediction Error......Page 69
References......Page 77
Historical Context......Page 81
Contemporary Animal Learning Theory......Page 82
Mediated Learning During Sensory Preconditioning......Page 84
Brain Mechanisms of Mediated Learning......Page 86
Trace Conditioning As Mediated Learning......Page 89
Theoretical Elaboration......Page 90
Further Empirical Analysis......Page 92
Acknowledgments......Page 94
References......Page 95
Preamble......Page 98
Effects of Predictiveness......Page 99
Effects of Uncertainty......Page 108
Prediction-Error Signals in the Brain......Page 114
Summary and Conclusions......Page 117
References......Page 119
Derived Attention......Page 126
Part 1: Learned Predictiveness......Page 127
Learned Value......Page 131
Derived Attention and Stimulus Processing: A Summary......Page 138
Derived Attention, Drug Addiction, and Psychosis......Page 141
Conclusions......Page 142
Notes......Page 143
References......Page 144
Introduction......Page 148
A General Characterization of Learning and Memory......Page 150
Epigenetic Mechanisms......Page 151
Epigenetic Memory Systems in Neurons: Memory All the Way Down......Page 155
Epigenetics of Fear Conditioning and Fear Extinction in Rodents......Page 156
Epigenetic Mechanisms and the Formation of Cellular Associations......Page 162
Memory Through the Formation of Intercellular Associations......Page 163
Beyond Long-Term Memory......Page 164
Implications for the Evolution of Associative Learning......Page 166
References......Page 181
Part II Associative Representations: Memory, Recognition, and Perception......Page 189
Chapter 8 Associative and Nonassociative Processes in Rodent Recognition Memory......Page 191
Competitive Short-Term and Long-Term Processes in Habituation......Page 192
Competitive Short-Term and Long-Term Processes in Spontaneous Novelty Preference Behavior......Page 193
Wagner’s Standard Operating Procedures Model......Page 195
Context-Dependent Spontaneous Novelty Preference Behavior......Page 197
Importance of Competitive Processes for the Study of Recognition Memory in Animals......Page 199
Role of the GluA1 AMPAR Subunit in Short-Term, Recency-Dependent Memory......Page 201
Role of the Hippocampus in Associative and Nonassociative Recognition Memory Processes......Page 204
References......Page 208
Chapter 9 Perceptual Learning: Representations and Their Development......Page 213
A Note on Terminology, Elements, and Representations......Page 214
Impact of Exposure Schedule......Page 215
Adaptation and Unpacking “Comparison”......Page 218
Quality Versus Quantity in Perceptual Learning and the Potential Role for Brain Imaging......Page 219
Brain Imaging in the Psychophysical Tradition of Perceptual Learning Research......Page 222
Brain Imaging and Exposure Schedule......Page 224
Concluding Comments......Page 229
References......Page 230
Chapter 10 Human Perceptual Learning and Categorization......Page 235
Mechanisms of Perceptual Change......Page 237
Categorical Perception......Page 248
Conclusions......Page 250
References......Page 252
Modular Organization of Visual Memory and Visual Perception in the Brain......Page 261
Puzzling Findings and Problems with the Modular View......Page 264
Representational–Hierarchical Framework......Page 266
Experimental Work Driven by the Representational–Hierarchical Framework......Page 279
Conclusions......Page 289
References......Page 290
Space and Time......Page 295
Introduction......Page 297
Context–US Associations......Page 299
Context-Specific Conditioned Inhibition......Page 306
General Conclusions......Page 318
References......Page 319
What is Learned?......Page 325
Conditions of Learning......Page 339
Performance......Page 348
Summary......Page 349
References......Page 350
Temporal Factors and Associative Learning......Page 360
Information-Theoretic Approach......Page 363
A Challenge to Trial-Based Associative Theory?......Page 364
A Different Associative Approach......Page 366
Neural Substrates of Timing Mechanisms......Page 368
Involvement of the Hippocampus in Temporal Cognition......Page 369
Summary and Implications for Theory......Page 374
Phasic Firing of Dopaminergic Neurons......Page 375
Involvement of Neurotransmitters in Timing Behavior......Page 377
Dorsal Striatum and Timing Behavior......Page 379
Conclusions......Page 382
References......Page 383
Learning About Generative Causes......Page 392
Learning About Preventive Causes......Page 399
Asymmetries Between Preventive and Generative Learning......Page 400
Inferring Larger Causal Structures from Individual Causal Links......Page 402
Brain Activity Consistent with Outcome Expectations and Prediction Errors......Page 405
Genetic Markers that Correlate with Learning......Page 407
References......Page 413
Part III Associative Perspectives on the Human Condition......Page 421
Defining Habits from an Instrumental Learning Perspective......Page 423
Differentiating Habitual and Goal-Directed Behaviors......Page 424
Perspectives on Habit Formation......Page 426
Neural Correlates of Habitual Behavior......Page 435
On the Interaction Between Habitual and Goal-Directed Systems: Evidence for Hierarchical Neural Control......Page 440
References......Page 447
Introduction......Page 454
Associative Theories of Avoidance......Page 456
Conditions Necessary for Avoidance......Page 462
Content of the Associations......Page 466
Mechanisms of Avoidance......Page 470
Summary......Page 473
References......Page 474
Chapter 18 Child and Adolescent Anxiety: Does Fear Conditioning Play a Role?......Page 480
Individual Differences in Human Fear Learning......Page 481
Developmental Changes in Fear Learning......Page 484
Humans......Page 489
Conclusions......Page 491
References......Page 497
Introduction and Manifesto......Page 501
Basic Phenomena I: Conditioned Inhibition......Page 502
What is Learned During Inhibitory Conditioning?......Page 506
Basic Phenomena II: Conditioned Inhibitory Control......Page 509
Integration: Inhibition and Association......Page 517
References......Page 520
Chapter 20 Mirror Neurons from Associative Learning......Page 527
MN Background Information......Page 528
Distinguishing the Adaptation and Associative Accounts......Page 534
Conclusion......Page 543
References......Page 544
Associative or What?......Page 550
Whole Object Constraint......Page 551
Taxonomic Constraint......Page 554
Mutual Exclusivity......Page 558
Conclusions......Page 562
References......Page 563
Ubiquity of Value Representations......Page 566
From Value to Choice......Page 572
Mechanisms of Choice......Page 574
Multiple Brain Mechanisms for Choice?......Page 579
Behavioral Adaptation......Page 581
References......Page 595
Index......Page 604
EULA......Page 620