دانلود کتاب Thinking Your Way to Freedom: A Guide to Owning Your Own Practical Reasoning

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Contents
List of Comics
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Pre-Tests
Pre-test 1: What Kind of Thinker Are You?
Pre-test 2: Demonstrating the Need for Logic
Part 1: Theory
Section 1: The Possibility of Freedom
The Goal, Surely, Must Be Freedom
How is Freedom Possible?
Negative Freedom, or Self-Direection
Positive Freedom, or Autonomy
The Dynamics of Value
Getting Control of Your Own Values
Freedom Through the Impartial Examination of Values
Section 2: Impartial Thinking
Bias Neutralization is an Inter- (Not Intra-) Subjective Process
Judging Quality: Estimating \"Truth\" Through Falsification
Establishing \"Truth\" through a Falsification Process is Not Possible, but Estimating \"truth\"
Truth Seeking in Ethics
Practical Reasonining Is Inevitably a Two-Step Falsification Process
Talking to the Relativist
The Message
Postscript: Freedom Needs Determinism
Review Questions
Answers to Review Questions
Part II: Practice
Section 1: Learning the Intricacles of Practical Reasoning
1. Knowing What to Look For: Reasons Versus Evidence
2. Pushing Toward Precision
3. Taking a Look at your own Values (and coming up wiht Good Thesis Statements)
4. Common \"Informal\" Faults or Fallacies
1. Begging the Question
2. Ad Hominem/Ad Feminam Attack
3. Appeal to Authority
4. Strawperson
5. Slippery Slope
6. False Dilemma
7. Distinction without a Difference
8. Post Hoc Fallacy
9. Analogies: Good and Faulty
10. Fallacy of the Golden Mean
5. What Kind of Arguments is it?
6. Seeing the Whole Argument: A Valid Deductive Argument is a Necessary Condition for Evaluating Reasons (Soundness)
7. Evaluating Reasons or Soundness (Local Sufficiency)
8. Evaluating the Local Sufficency of your own and your opposition\'s positions
9. Evaluating the Global Sufficiency of your own position
10. Avoiding \"Rotweiler Flips\": Getting your counterexamples straight
11. Are you making a claim about a sufficient or a necessary condition?
12. Back to seeing the whole argument: Finding the hidden premise in forced-choice situations
13. Responding to incorrect counterexamples
14. Deducing from conditional or \"all\" claims: Valid and Invalid Moves
15. Overview
Post-Test
Post-Test 1: What Kind of Thinker Are You?
Post-Test 2: Logic
A Personal Good-bye
Section 2: Thinking and Writing Your Way to Truth
Interactive Learning in Your Imagination
What a Good (Impartial) Argument Looks Like
Detailed Analysis of the Five Essential Argument Constituents
1. A Clear Thesis Statement in Support of One Side of a Highly Contentious Issue
2. A Convincing Support for the Thesis Statement
3. Articulation of a Strong Opposition
4. A Convincing Responses to the Opposition
5. A Convincing Resolution or Conclusion to the Posed Problem
Summary for Evaluating the Five Essential Argument Constituents
Inveractive Reasoning
Appendix I: Answers to Exercises
Appendix II: Analyzing Arguments
Appendix III: Examples of Good Arguments
Appendix IV: What \"Good\" and \"Poor\" Thinkers Look Like
Appendix V: Answers to Pre-tests and Post-tests
Pre-test 1: What Kind of Thinker Are You Scoring
Post-test 2: Logic Answers
Notes
Glossary
Index