دانلود کتاب Thorny Issues in Clinical Ethics Consultation: North American and European Perspectives (Philosophy and Medicine, 143)

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Preface
Contents
Acronyms
Part I: Introduction to Part I: History and Development of the Formation and Training of Clinical Ethics Consultants
Chapter 1: A Brief Introduction to the History of Clinical Ethics
1.1 Objectives
1.2 The Birth of Clinical Ethics
1.3 The Professionalization of Clinical Ethics
1.4 1970s: Patients´ Rights Affirmed, But Ignored!
1.5 1980s: HECs and Ethics Consultation Spread
1.6 1990s: A Crisis of Confidence in Clinical Ethics Consultation
1.7 2000s: A Crisis of Confidence
1.8 2010-2020: Clinical Ethics Consultation Professionalizes
1.9 The Past as Prologue
References
Chapter 2: Clinical Ethics Consultation: Current Standards in the Field
2.1 Objectives
2.2 Case
2.3 Defining Standards
2.4 CEC & Ethics Committees: Historical Milestones
2.5 CEC Standards in the U.S.: One Size Fits All?
2.6 Evaluating CEC Quality & Its Impact on Evolving Standards
References
Chapter 3: What Does Competency Have to Do with It? Ethics Fellowship Training and the Experience of a Hospital-Based Program ...
3.1 Objectives
3.2 Case One
3.3 Introduction: A Look at Training in Clinical Ethics
3.4 The Apprenticeship Model
3.5 The History of Competency-Based Education in Medicine
3.6 CBE in Clinical Ethics
3.7 Specifics, Concerns, and Next Steps
References
Chapter 4: Models of Training for Clinical Ethics Consultants and Approaches to Quality Assessment and Improvement
4.1 Objectives
4.2 Introduction
4.3 Classic Pathways into Clinical Ethics Consultation
4.4 The Need for Systematic Training of Clinical Ethics Consultants
4.5 The Ideal Training Models for Clinical Ethics Consultants
4.6 Specific Models of Training and Assessment
4.7 Relation to Quality Assessment and Quality Improvement
References
Chapter 5: New Approaches for Advancing Ethics Quality: Assessment of the Ethics Consultation Record
5.1 Objectives
5.2 Case One
5.3 Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: Historical Development of Clinical Ethics Consultation in Europe
6.1 Objectives
6.2 Case Example (From the Late 1990s)
6.3 How It All Began in Europe
6.4 Pioneers´ Work and Influence
6.5 Variety and Commonalities of European Approaches
6.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 7: Clinical Ethics Consultation in Germany: History, Current Status and Models of Training
7.1 Objective
7.2 Case Study
7.3 Development of Clinical Ethics Consultation in Germany
7.4 National Standards for Ethics Committees
7.5 Recommendations and Guidelines for Ethics Consultation Services
7.6 Curriculum for Ethics Consultation in Healthcare
7.7 National Training Programs for Ethics Consultation
7.8 Certification of Ethics Consultants
7.9 Ethics Consultation in Out-Patient Facilities and Nursing Homes
7.10 Conclusion
References
Chapter 8: Innovation or Stagnation? The State of Art of Clinical Ethics Support in Switzerland
8.1 Objectives
8.2 Introduction
8.3 The Swiss Context - Europe but Not European Union
8.4 `Swiss´ Values - Responsibility, Self-Determination and Consensus
8.5 Development of Clinical Ethics Support in Switzerland - An Overview
8.5.1 Prevalence of Clinical Ethics Support Services
8.5.2 Key Topics of Clinical Ethics
8.5.3 Structural Challenges Over the Years
8.6 National Recommendations for Clinical Ethics - From `Consulting´ to `Support´
8.7 Current Challenges - Professionalization, Innovation or Stagnation
8.7.1 The Meaning of `Clinical Ethics´ Is Still Unclear
8.7.2 Concepts Are Still Unclear
References
Part II: Introduction to Part II: Emerging and Thorny Clinical Ethical Issues
Chapter 9: Ethics Consultation and Marginalized Populations
9.1 Objectives
9.2 Case 1
9.3 Case 2
9.4 Introduction
9.5 Marginalized Populations
9.6 Advocacy and Activism
9.7 Advocating for Marginalized Populations
9.8 Goals of Clinical Ethics Consultation
9.9 Feasibility and Cautions
References
Chapter 10: Vulnerable Populations, the Inverse Care Law, and the Role of Clinical Ethicists: Experiences from Switzerland
10.1 Objectives
10.2 Case: Dr. Hope and the Patient on the ``Blacklist´´
10.3 The Swiss Context: Opportunities and Vulnerabilities
10.4 The Idea of Universal Health Coverage as a Positive Right to Serve the ``Worst Off´´ and the Dynamic of the Inverse Care ...
10.5 Clinical Ethicists as Witnesses of Epistemic Injustice and the Advocacy Role
10.6 The Personal Is Political: Why Individual Approaches Are Necessary But Not Sufficient to Deal with Vulnerability in Clini...
10.7 Assessing and Addressing Vulnerability in the Clinical Setting
References
Chapter 11: Clinical Ethics Consultations Regarding Patients with Opioid Use Disorders
11.1 Objectives
11.2 Case
11.2.1 Ethical Framework: Choice and Moral Responsibility in Substance Use Disorders
11.3 Ethical Issues in the Inpatient Setting
11.4 Goals of Care: Harm Reduction or ``Clean and Sober´´?
11.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 12: The Opioid Crisis: A European Perspective
12.1 Objectives
12.2 Case 1
12.3 Case 2
12.4 Case 3
12.5 Introduction
12.6 Opioid Overuse in Europe
12.7 Opioid Underuse
12.8 Ethical Synthesis
References
Chapter 13: Ethical Issues in Complex Discharge Cases
13.1 Objectives
13.2 Case
13.3 Introduction
13.4 Unsafe Discharge
13.5 Lack of Insurance
13.6 Patients Who Are Undocumented Immigrants
13.7 The Patient or the Patient´s Surrogate Refuses a Safe Discharge Plan
13.8 Responses to Complex Discharge Cases
13.9 Relevant Ethical Issues
References
Chapter 14: How Clinical Ethics Consultants Navigate Complex Acute Care Discharge Cases in Ontario
14.1 Objectives
14.2 Case
14.3 Application to Clinical Ethics Consultation
14.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 15: Thorny Issues in Clinical Ethics Consultation: When Surrogates Refuse Basic Care
15.1 Objectives
15.2 Case 1
15.3 Case 2
15.4 Introduction
15.5 The Role of the Surrogate
15.6 Shared Decision Making and Refusal
15.7 Is Surrogate Refusal Also Neglect?
15.8 Response of the Clinician
15.9 Fear of Conflict
15.10 Fear of Interrupting the Surrogate´s Relationship to the Patient
15.11 Ethical Resolution of Clinical Cases
15.12 Conclusion
References
Chapter 16: Families Who Micromanage: ``Please Come Help Us with This Family - They Are Micromanaging Everything!´´
16.1 Objectives
16.2 Case 1
16.3 Case 2
16.4 Ethical Issues
16.5 Homework First
16.6 Identification of the Involved Parties
16.7 Determining the Influence of the Micromanager
16.8 Team Meeting
16.9 Reaching Team Decisions
16.10 Approaching the Micromanager
16.11 Conducting a Formal Meeting
16.12 Specific Agreements
16.13 Boundaries
16.14 ``Nuclear Options´´
16.15 What Happened in Our Vignettes?
References
Part III: Introduction to Part III: Persistent and Thorny Clinical Ethical Issues
Chapter 17: Neuroethics in the Clinic: Amplifying Patient Perspectives Through Enhanced Decision-Making Frameworks
17.1 Objectives
17.2 Case One
17.3 Case Two
17.4 Introducing Clinical Neuroethics
17.5 Case One: An Attempt to Liberate ``Locked-In Capacity´´
17.6 Case Two: Challenging Neuroessentialism
17.7 Takeaways for the Clinical Ethicist
References
Chapter 18: Brain Death/Death by Neurological Criteria in the United States: What Every Clinical Ethics Consultant Should Know
18.1 Objectives
18.2 Case
18.3 Medical History of BD/DNC
18.4 Legal History of BD/DNC
18.5 Reasons for Families to Object to BD/DNC
18.6 Consequences of Objections from Families to BD/DNC
18.7 Ways to Address Objections from Families to BD/DNC
18.8 Ways to Prevent Controversy Due to Objections from Families to BD/DNC
18.9 Objections from Healthcare Professionals to BD/DNC
18.10 The Need for Consent Prior to Determination of BD/DNC
18.11 Conclusion
References
Chapter 19: When Patients Still Hope, But Doctors See No More Therapeutic Options: Ethical Debates on Futility and Potentially...
19.1 Objectives
19.2 Case
19.3 Why Patients and Surrogates Demand Non-indicated Treatments
19.4 Why Doctors Reject Patients´ or Surrogates´ Potentially Inappropriate Treatment Requests
19.5 Medical Futility in the Discussion
19.6 A Process Model for Dealing with Requests for Potentially Inappropriate Treatment in a Clinical Context
19.7 Outlook
References
Chapter 20: Physician Aid in Dying in the United States: A Prescription for Death or Control?
20.1 Objectives
20.2 Case
20.3 Physician-Aid-In-Dying Laws: An Ongoing Ethical Debate
20.4 Legal Requirements: Qualified Patients and Reporting
20.5 Rational Suicide and the Role of the Psychiatrist
20.6 Opting In or Out: Healthcare Professional Conscience
20.7 A Timely Process?
20.8 Role of the Clinical Ethics Consultant
20.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 21: Medical Aid in Dying in Canada: Undertaking Clinical Ethics Consultations in a Rapidly Evolving Regulatory Landsca...
21.1 Objectives
21.2 Case one - Quadriplegia, Treatment Refusal, and ``Natural´´ Death
21.3 Introduction
21.4 Applying Eligibility Criteria
21.5 Case Two - Julia Lamb and Reasonable Foreseeability
21.6 Clinical Ethics Consultants and Conscientious Disagreements
21.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 22: Physician Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia in the European Context
22.1 Objectives
22.2 Case Study: Dealing with a Suicidal Patient´s Reported ``Wish to Die´´
22.3 Europe: A Continent with a Wide Range of Frameworks
22.4 Recent Development in Germany: Back to Tolerance?
22.5 The Very Particular Situation in Switzerland - Controversy About Guidelines
22.6 Ethics Consultation and Policies for Orientation
22.7 Outlook: Thorny Issues Persisting
References
Chapter 23: Pediatric Ethics Issues and Clinical Ethics Consultation in the United States
23.1 Objectives
23.2 Case One
23.3 Introduction
23.4 The Responsibility of Parents
23.5 Deciding for Children: Two Moral Concerns
23.5.1 Who Decides?
23.5.2 What Decisions Are Allowed?
23.6 Children Continue to Develop: Teenage Decisions Making
23.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 24: Ethical Issues and Decision Making for Children: A European Perspective
24.1 Objectives
24.2 Case 1
24.3 Case 2
24.4 Introduction
24.5 Best Interests of the Child
24.6 Decision Making at the End of Life
24.7 Refusals of Life Saving Treatment by Minors
24.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 25: The Adolescent Transplant Candidate: Thorny Issues in Assessment and Allocation
25.1 Objectives
25.2 Case One
25.3 Introduction
25.4 Timing of Transplant and Non-adherence as a Listing Factor
25.5 Marijuana and Other Behaviors in Transplant Candidacy Decisions
25.6 Adolescent Decision Making in Transplant Listing Decisions
25.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 26: Classifying the Contradiction: A Practical Approach When Surrogates Appear to Contradict a Patient´s Wishes
26.1 Objectives
26.2 Case 1
26.3 Case 2
26.4 Surrogate Decision-Making
26.5 Identifying the Source of Contradiction
26.6 Clarifying the Patient´s Wishes
26.7 Establishing the Ethical Framework
26.8 Supporting Stakeholders
26.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 27: Thorny Issues in Clinical Ethics Consultation: A Canadian Perspective on Surrogate Decision Making Concerning Pote...
27.1 Objectives
27.2 Case One
27.3 Informed Consent and Withholding and Withdrawing Life-Sustaining Treatment in Canada
27.4 Ethical Justifications for Overriding Surrogate Decision Making
27.5 Conclusion - A Morally Distressing Situation
References
Part IV: Introduction to Part IV: Organizational Issues in U.S. Ethics Consultation
Chapter 28: Moving Ethics Upstream: Shifting Clinical Ethics Consultation from Volume to Value
28.1 Objectives
28.2 Case
28.2.1 Reactive Clinical Ethics Consultation Model
28.2.2 Proactive Clinical Ethics Consultation Model
28.3 Nature of the Problem
28.4 Constructing a Proactive Ethics Integration Model
28.4.1 Systematic Approaches and Standardized Resources
28.4.2 Identifying and Addressing Clinical Ethics Issues
28.4.3 Integrating into Existing and Emerging Clinical and Organizational Processes
28.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 29: The Tension Between ``Margin and Mission´´ as an Ethical Issue in Healthcare
29.1 Objectives
29.2 Case One
29.3 Can Clinical Ethics Help in Organizational Issues?
29.4 The Competing Identities of an Organization: Discerning an Ethical Resolution
References
Correction to: Thorny Issues in Clinical Ethics Consultation
Correction to: K. Wasson, M. Kuczewski (eds.), Thorny Issues in Clinical Ethics Consultation, Philosophy and Medicine 143, htt...