دانلود کتاب Toxicology in the Middle Ages and Renaissance

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Front Cover
Toxicology in the Middle Ages and Renaissance
Copyright Page
Dedication
Contents
List of Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Editor
1 Poison and Its Dose: Paracelsus on Toxicology
1.1 The Four Pillars of Medicine
1.2 Poison and the Alchemist in the Stomach
1.3 Noxious Mineral Vapors and the Miner’s Disease
1.4 The Dose Makes the Poison
References
2 The Golden Age of Medieval Islamic Toxicology
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Prominent Toxicologists in Medieval Islamic Era
2.2.1 Jābir (Jaber)-ibn-Hayyān (721–815 AD)
2.2.2 Ibn Māsawyah (Yuhanna ibn Masawyah, Abu Zakariya, 777–857 AD)
2.2.3 Al-Kindi (805–73 AD)
2.2.4 Qustā ibn Lūqā (820–912 AD)
2.2.5 Ibn Waḥshīyah al-Nabti (9–10th century AD)
2.2.6 Al-Rāzī (865–925 AD)
2.2.7 Avicenna (980–1037 AD)
2.2.8 Jurjānī, Ismāʻīl ibn Ḥasan (1042–1137 AD)
2.2.9 Ibn al-Tilmīdh, Hibat Allāh ibn Ṣāʻid (1073–1164 AD)
2.2.10 Ibn Zuhr, al-Malik ibn Abībal-ʻAlāʼ (Abu Marwan) (1072–1162 AD)
2.2.11 Jamshīd Ghyāth al-Dīn bin Mas’ud bin Mohammed al-Kāshī (1380–429 AD)
2.3 Toxicologists after 1500 AD
2.3.1 ʻImād al-Dīn Shīrāzī, Maḥmūd ibn Masʻūd (1515–92 AD)
2.3.2 Mohammad Momen Tonkāboni (17th century, 1677)
2.3.3 Aghili (18th century)
2.3.4 Hakim Seyed bin Hasan bin Seyed Mahdi
2.4 Discussion
Acknowledgment
References
3 Maimonides’ Book on Poisons and the Protection Against Lethal Drugs
3.1 Maimonides
3.2 Maimonides Medical Works and Medical Practice
3.3 The Treatise on Poisons and the Protection Against Lethal Drugs
3.3.1 History of Studies
3.3.2 Context and Sources
3.4 Structure and Contents of On Poisons
3.5 The Hebrew Translations and Their Circulation
3.6 The Latin Translations and Their Circulation
References
4 Pietro d’Abano, De venenis: Reintroducing Greek Toxicology into Late Medieval Medicine
Further Readings
5 The Case Against the Borgias: Motive, Opportunity, and Means
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Accusations
5.3 Motive
5.4 Opportunity
5.5 Means
References
6 Aqua Tofana
6.1 History
6.2 Symptoms
6.3 Poisons and the Criminal Magical Underworld
6.4 The Slow Poisons
References
7 Poisons and the Prince: Toxicology and Statecraft at the Medici Grand Ducal Court
7.1 Poisons in 16th-Century Society
7.2 Knowledge of Poisons at the Medici Court
7.3 Medici Antidotes
7.4 Testing Poisons
7.5 Resources
7.5.1 Manuscripts
7.5.2 Databases
References
8 Georgius Agricola, a Pioneer in the Toxic Hazards of Mining, and His Influence
8.1 Education and Early Life
8.2 De re Metallica
8.3 Diseases in Miners and Their Prevention
8.4 Bergsucht and Its Causes
8.5 A Third Wave of Mining in the 20th Century
Conflict of Interest
References
9 Jan Baptist Van Helmont and the Medical–Alchemical Perspectives of Poison
9.1 Van Helmont’s Paracelsian Legacy on Poisons
9.2 Universal Poison in a Christian Perspective
9.3 Van Helmont’s Criticism of Galenic Purgatives
9.4 The Alchemical Solution
9.5 Conclusions
References
10 Origin of Myths Related to Curative, Antidotal and Other Medicinal Properties of Animal “Horns” in the Middle Ages
10.1 A Brief History of Alicorn
10.2 Origins
10.3 Unicorns of the Arab World
10.4 Khutu
10.5 The Walrus and the Narwhal
10.6 The Woolly Rhinoceros and Mammoth
10.7 Bone from the Forehead of a Bull
10.8 Conclusion
Disclaimer
References
11 Animal Stones and the Dark Age of Bezoars
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Bezoars: Philological, Conceptual, and Symbolic Framework
11.3 Bezoars and Their Glory
11.4 Bezoars in the Mist of History
11.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
12 Fossil Sharks’ Teeth as Alexipharmics
12.1 Fossil Sharks’ Teeth or Glossopetrae
12.2 Tableware
12.3 Provenance of the Teeth
12.4 Lapis de Goa
References
13 Catherine La Voisin: Poisons and Magic at the Royal Court of Louis XIV
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Catherine La Voisin
References
14 A Late Medieval Criminal Prosecution for Poisoning: The Failed Murder Trial of Margarida de Portu (1396)
References
15 Animal Venoms in the Middle Ages
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Venomous Snakes
15.2.1 Albertus Magnus and Venomous Serpents (13th Century)
15.2.2 Venom and Henri de Mondeville (14th Century)
15.2.3 An Early 14th Century Case of Snake-bite (Gentile da Foligno)
15.3 Scorpions, Spiders, and Other “Venomous” Animals
References
16 Medical Literature on Poison, c. 1300–1600
References
Index
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