دانلود کتاب Transportation and Environmental Geotechnics: Proceedings of the Indian Geotechnical Conference 2021 Volume 4

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Preface
Contents
About the Editors
1 Study of Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundation on Bamboo Geotextile-Reinforced Clayey Bed
Introduction
Background
Material Used
Soil Used for the Experiment
Bamboo Used in the Experiment
Bitumen Used on the Bamboo Mats
Laboratory Model Tests
Experimental Setup
Preparation of Foundation Bed
Placed Bamboo Mats Under the Soil for Weathering
Test Procedure
Flowchart of Tests
Results and Discussion
Interpretation of Test Outcomes in Graphical Form
Conclusions
Scope of Future Work
References
2 Strip Footing on Reinforced Granular Bed Using Geogrid and Bearing Reinforcement
Introduction
Problem Definition
Numerical Modelling
Results and Discussion
Soft Clay Condition
Stiff Clay Condition
Conclusion
Reference
3 Geosynthetics—Past Findings, Present Trends, and Future Prospects in Road Pavements
Introduction
Global Scenario
Experimental Investigations on Different Types of Geosynthetics
Conclusions
References
4 Modeling and Analysis of Back-To-Back Walls with Combined Wrap-Around and Full-Height Rigid Facing for High-Speed Rail Applications
Introduction
GRS Retaining Wall Application in MAHSR Project
Validation of the Model
Segmental Panel Facing Model Validation
Back-To-Back MSE Wall Behavior Considering Two Facing Types
Geometry of the Models
Reinforcement Modeling
Backfill Properties
Interface Properties
Modeling of Back-To-Back Wrap-Around Walls with FHR Facing
Results and Discussions
Behavior of Back-To-Back Walls with Segmental Panel Facing
Comparison of Displacements Between Segmental Panel and Wrap-Around Wall with FHR Facing
Conclusions
References
5 Influence of Conductive Jute Geotextile-Encased Stone Column in Soft Clay
Introduction
Material and Methodology
Results and Discussion
Effect on Discharge
Variation of Settlement
Reduction in Water Content
PH Alteration
Conclusion
References
6 Simulation of Geosynthetic Encased Stone Column Under Embankment Loading in Soft Clay
Introduction
Geometry and Model Description
Staged Construction
Results and Discussion
Influence of Encasement Length
Influence of Diameter
Influence of Internal Friction Angle
Influence of Cohesive Strength of Soft Clay
Conclusions
References
7 Improvement of Railway Embankment Formation by Laying Geogrid Beneath Ballast Bed—A Case Study
Introduction
Weak Formation Problem
Properties of Embankment Soil
Rehabilitation of Weak Formation by Laying Geogrid at Formation Level Using Ballast Cleaning Machine (BCM)
Properties of Geogrid Used for Rehabilitation of Formation
Locations of Laying of Geogrid
Method of Laying and Traffic Block Requirement
Impact of Laying Geogrid—Performance Evaluation
Performance Improvement in Terms of Unevenness Index (UI)
Performance Based on Number of Vertical and Lateral Acceleration Peaks Exceeding 0.15 g
Performance Improvement Based on Spot Manual Attention Given to Track
Performance Improvement Based on Number of Machine Tamping
Performance Improvement in Terms of Ride Index (RI)
Cost of Laying and Reduction in Cost of Maintenance
Summary and Conclusion
References
8 Review on the Application of Geosynthetic for Ground Improvement
Introduction
Various Types of Geosynthetics
Various Functions of Geosynthetics
Previous Studies on Geosynthetic-Reinforced Soil
Conclusion
References
9 Coconut Tree Roots as Natural Geosynthetics
Introduction
Introduction
Traditional Goan Saraswat Bunds
Comparison of Coconut Root with Other Geosynthetics
Geosynthetics Action of Coconut Root
Geosynthetics Action of Coconut Root
RE Wall Action
Micropile Action
Soil Anchor Action
Root Pile Action
Biostabilization-Soil Shear Property (C-ϕ) Improvement Action
Soil Nailing Action
Properties of Coconut Roots as Geosynthetics
Factor of Safety for Soil Nailing Action
Conclusions
References
10 Experimental and Numerical Study on California Bearing Ratio for Two-Layer Soil Systems
Introduction
Experimental Study
Sample Preparation for CBR Test
Numerical Modeling
Results and Discussion
Results of Laboratory CBR Test
Results of Numerical Analysis
Comparison of CBR Values Between Experimental and Numerical Results
Parametric Study
Conclusion
References
11 Strength and Durability Characteristics of Cement-Treated Soil for Its Application in Sub-Base and Base Course of Flexible Pavements
Introduction
Literature Review
Materials and Methods
Soil
Cement
Methodology
Strength and Durability Criteria for the Application of Cement-Treated Soil in the Sub-Base Course and a Base Course of Flexible Pavements as Per IRC 37: 2018
Results and Discussions
Modified Proctor Compaction Test
Unconfined Compressive Strength Test
Wetting and Drying Test
Freezing and Thawing Test
Recommendations
Conclusions
References
12 Evaluation of Pond Ash Mixed with Coir as a Pavement Material
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results and Discussion
Conclusions
References
13 Effect of Soil Properties on the Rutting Performance of Flexible Pavement: A Numerical Study
Introduction
Numerical Modeling
Preparation of Model Geometry
Selection of Element Type, Mesh, and Boundary
Parametric Study
Validation of the Model
Result and Discussion
Rutting Performance of Surface Layer of Flexible Pavement
Effect of Subgrade Modulus on Surface Rutting
Effect of Subgrade Thickness on Surface Rutting
Vertical Strain Developed at the Top of the Subgrade and Measurement of Subgrade Rutting
Conclusion
References
14 Feasibility of Utilizing MSW Incinerated Bottom Ash for Subgrade and Sub-Base Applications in Flexible Pavements
Introduction
Material Collection and Methodology
Material Collection
Methodology
Result and Discussion
Grain Size Distribution and Plasticity
Specific Gravity and Water Absorption
Compaction Characteristics and Denseness
CBR Value
LA Abrasion Value and Impact Value
Conclusion
References
15 Influence of Existing Ganga Sand on Subgrade Characteristics of Rural Road in South Bengal Districts
Introduction
Brief Review of Literature
Collection of Data on Different Soil Properties
Methodology for Analysis of Data
Result and Discussions
Variations of Atterberg’s Limits with Percentage of Sand
Variation of Compaction Characteristics with Percentage of Sand
Variation of CBR (Soaked) with Percentage of Sand
Correlation
Comparison of Results with Those of Previous Researchers
Conclusions
References
16 Relationship Between Index Properties and CBR of Soil and Prediction of CBR
Introduction
Methodology
Data Analysis
Data Preprocessing
Training and Testing Datasets
Results and Discussions
Simple Regression Analysis (SRA)
Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA)
Support Vector Regression (SVR)
Gaussian Process Regression (GPR)
Random Forest (RF)
Decision Tree (DT)
Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)
Comparison with Literature Survey
Conclusions
References
17 Numerical Evaluation of Performance of the Geosynthetic-Reinforced Walls with Poorly Graded Reinforced Fill
Introduction
Numerical Model Development
Material Properties
Reinforcement Properties
Backfill and Foundation Soil Properties
Results and Discussions
Validation of the FE Model
Effect of Cohesion and Angle of Internal Friction
Effect of Geogrid Strength on the Fascia Movement
Effect of GRS Wall Height
Effect of Soil Marginality on the Connection Load
Conclusions
References
18 Life Cycle Assessment for the Management of Municipal Solid Waste in Indian Cities
Introduction
Methodology
LCA Study on Indian Cities
Conclusions
References
19 A Review on Removal of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Soils by Phytoremediation
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Metal Translocation and Accumulation
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
References
20 Investigation of Soil Characteristics in and Around the Open Dump Site Near Sathyamangalam Town in Erode District
Introduction
Study Area Details
Materials and Methods
Soil Sample Collection
Analytical Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusions
References
21 Experimental and Numerical Studies on Usage of Soil–Bentonite Mixture as Clay Liner in Engineered Landfill
Introduction
Materials Used
Soil
Bentonite
Landfill Leachate
Methodology
Preparation of the Synthetic Leachate
Batch Adsorption Test
Numerical Modeling
Column Test
Results and Discussion
Determination of Optimum Bentonite Content
Numerical Modeling
Column Test
Conclusions
References
22 Correlation of Rheological Properties with Slump and Undrained Shear Strength of Bauxite Residue
Introduction
Materials and Methodology
Results and Discussion
Conclusions
References
23 Utilization of Red Mud (Bauxite Residue) in Environmental and Geotechnical Engineering Applications—An Overview
Introduction
Utilization of Red Mud in Environmental Engineering Applications
Red Mud as an Adsorbent
Red Mud as a Catalyst
Red Mud as a Coagulant
Use of Red Mud in Geotechnical Engineering Applications
Red Mud as an Amendment
Red Mud as an Ameliorant
Red Mud as a Filler
Red Mud as Geomaterial
Conclusions
References
24 Assessment of Using Soil-Sized Material from Construction and Demolition Waste as an Earthfill
Introduction
Materials and Testing Method
Material
Testing Methods
Results and Discussion
Grain Size Distribution (GSD)
Specific Gravity and Plasticity
Compaction
Permeability
Shear Strength
Conclusion
References
25 A Study on Pore Size Distribution of Compacted Expansive Soils
Introduction
Materials and Method
Soils
Methodology
Results and Discussion
Conclusions
References
26 Stabilized Soil as a Sustainable Construction Material Using the Rammed Earth Technique
Introduction
Materials and Methodology
Materials Used
Sample Preparations and Test Procedure
Discussion on Test Results
Unconfined Compressive Strength Properties of Stabilized Soil
Tensile Strength Properties of Stabilized Soils
Durability
Conclusions
References
27 Assessment of Adsorptive Removal of Naphthalene Through Constructed Wetland Using Physical and Numerical Modeling
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Materials
Physicochemical Properties
pHzpc Test
Batch Adsorption Test and Response Surface Methodology
Vertical Column Test
Constructed Wetland
Isotherm and Kinetic Studies
HYDRUS Modeling
Results and Discussions
Characteristics of Soil
pHzpc Test
Response Surface Methodology
Isotherm and Kinetic Modeling
HYDRUS Modeling of Column and Wetland
Conclusions
References
28 Study of Soil Erosion Process in Laboratory Flume Experiments
Introduction
Materials and Methodology
Materials
Experimental Setup and Soil Box Preparation
Rainfall Simulator
Test Procedure
Image Analysis
Results and Discussion
Soil Erosion Process
Soil Loss Rate
Comparison Between Particle Size Distribution of Sediment and Original Sieved Soil
Conclusion
References
29 Impact of Biochar Fraction on Thermal Characteristics of Soil-Biochar Composite
Introduction
Materials and Methodology
Soil and Biochar
Thermal Characteristics Measurement
Results and Discussion
Thermal Characteristics of Biochar
Thermal Characteristics of Control Soil and SBC
Conclusion
References
30 Experimental Study on Volumetric Shrinkage Behavior of Indian Clays
Introduction
Materials and Methodology
Materials
Results and Discussion
Conclusions
References
31 Thermo-Mechanical Behavior of Geothermal Energy Pile in Indian Sand
Introduction
Methodology and Numerical Analysis
Results and Discussion
Validation of FE Model Under Thermo-Mechanical Loading
Vertical Displacement of Pile
Volumetric Strain of Pile
Conclusions
References
32 A Review on Use of Biochar for Remediation of Heavy Metal Polluted Soils
Introduction
Effect of Biochar on Remediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils
Effect of Biochar Modification on Remediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils
Conclusion
References
33 Influence of Slope Geometry on Stability of Bioreactor Landfills—A Numerical Analysis
Introduction
Material Model and Validation of Model
Material Model
Mesh Generation and Boundary Conditions
Analysis and Model Validation
Model Geometry
Material Properties
Analysis Cases
Result and Discussion
Effect of Varying Slope Angles and Constant Step Width on the Bioreactor Landfill Stability
Effect of Varying Width of Step and Constant Slope Angle on the Bioreactor Landfill Stability
Effect of Constant Step Width and Non-uniform Slope Angles on the Bioreactor Landfill Stability
Influences of Change in Slope Angles and Shear Strength Parameters on the Bioreactor Landfill Stability
Conclusion
References
34 Interfacial Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Properties of Lead Contaminated Soil
Introduction
Experimental Program
Results and Analysis
Specific Gravity Test
Liquid Limit Test
Compaction Characteristics
Stress–Strain Characteristics
PH of Soil
X-Ray Diffraction Analysis
Conclusion
References
35 Impact of Aquaculture Solid Waste on Environment in the Delta Region of Andhra Pradesh: A Case Study
Introduction
Aquaculture Solid Waste Management at Global Scenario
Aquaculture Practice in the Delta Region of Andhra Pradesh
Aquaculture Sludge Leachate Characteristics
Effect of Aquaculture Waste Sludge on Clay Mineralogy
Conclusions
References
36 Performance of Permeable Reactive Barrier by Using Rubber Particles
Introduction
Reactive Materials for PRBs
Leachate Sample
Preparation of Reactive Medium
Result and Discussion
Comparison Study
Conclusion
References
37 Influence of Freezing–Thawing Cycles on Biotreated Sand Using MICP
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Soil Properties and Bacterial Solution
Biotreatment and Test Procedures
Results and Discussion
Permeability and Calcite Content of Biotreated Sand
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV)
Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS)
Conclusion
References