دانلود کتاب Turbomachines

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Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Preface Acknowledgments Nomenclature Contents Chapter 1: Basics of Turbomachines Learning Objectives 1.1: Introduction 1.2: Classification of Fluid Machines 1.3: Turbomachines 1.4: Turbomachines and Positive Displacement Machines 1.5: Classification of Turbomachines 1.5.1: Examples 1.6: Units and Dimensions 1.7: Energy of Fluids 1.7.1: Pressure Energy 1.7.2: Kinetic Energy 1.7.3: Potential Energy 1.7.4: Thermal Energy or Enthalpy 1.7.5: Head Energy 1.8: Application of the First Law of Thermodynamics 1.9: Application of the Second Law of Thermodynamics 1.9.1: Efficiencies of Turbomachines 1.9.2: Power-Flow Diagrams in Head Units 1.10: Model Studies 1.11: Dimensional Analysis 1.12: Unit and Specific Quantities 1.13: Non-Dimensional Parameters and Their Significance 1.14: Effect of Reynolds Number 1.15: Specific Speed Keywords Summary Important Equations Multiple-Choice Questions Review Questions Exercises Project-Oriented Questions Answers Chapter 2: Thermodynamics of Fluid Flow Learning Objectives 2.1: Introduction 2.2: Static and Stagnation States 2.3: Thermodynamics of Turbomachine Processes 2.4: Isentropic Compression Process 2.5: Isothermal Compression Process 2.6: Isentropic Expansion Process 2.7: Overall Isentropic Efficiency versus Stage Efficiency 2.7.1: Pre-heat Effect in Multi-stage Compressor 2.7.2: Re-heat Effect in Multi-stage Turbines 2.8: Infinitesimal-Stage or Small-Stage Efficiency or Polytropic Efficiency 2.9: Reheat Factor for Expansion Processes 2.10: Overall Isentropic Efficiency versus Finite-Stage Efficiency: Compression and Expansion Processes 2.10.1: Compression Process 2.10.2: Expansion Process or Turbine Process Keywords Summary Important Equations Multiple-Choice Questions Review Questions Exercises Project-Oriented Questions Answers Chapter 3: Energy Exchange in Turbomachines Learning Objectives 3.1: Introduction 3.2: Velocity Triangles 3.3: Basic Equations: Linear Momentum Equation, Impulse Momentum Equation, Moment of Momentum Equation, and Euler Turbine Equation 3.4: Alternate Form of the Euler Turbine Equation 3.4.1: Components of Energy Transfer 3.4.2: Energy Equation of Relative Velocities 3.5: Impulse and Reaction 3.6: Utilization Factor of Turbines 3.7: Speed Ratio Keywords Summary Important Equations Multiple-Choice Questions Review Questions Exercises Project-Oriented Questions Answers Chapter 4: General Analysis of Turbomachines Learning Objectives 4.1: Introduction 4.2: General Analysis of Radial Flow Machines 4.3: Radial Flow Machines (Centrifugal Pumps, Centrifugal Blowers, and Centrifugal Compressors): Velocity Triangles 4.3.1: Effect of Blade Outlet Angle on Energy Transfer 4.3.2: Effect of the Blade Outlet Angle on Reaction 4.3.3: Effect of the Blade Exit Angle on the Performance 4.3.4: Flow Analysis in Impeller Blades: Slip and Slip Factor or the Coefficient of Slip 4.3.5: Losses in Impeller Blade Passages 4.3.6: Characteristic Curves: Head–Capacity Relationship 4.3.7: Effect of Prewhirl 4.4: Axial Flow Machines 4.4.1: Reaction in Axial Flow Machines 4.4.2: Effect of Blade Angles on the Specific Work and Degree of Reaction: Turbines 4.4.3: Effect of Blade Angles on the Specific Work and Degree of Reaction: Compressors 4.4.4: Flow Analysis in Runner Blades: Slip and Slip Factor or Coefficient of Slip 4.4.5: Losses in Blade Passages 4.5: Fan Laws Keywords Summary Important Equations Multiple-Choice Questions Review Questions Exercises Project-Oriented Questions Answers Chapter 5: Steam Turbines Learning Objectives 5.1: Introduction 5.2: Classification of Steam Turbines 5.2.1: Single-Stage Impulse Turbine: De Laval Turbine 5.2.2: Single-Stage Reaction Turbine 5.3: Compounding of Steam Turbines 5.3.1: Pressure Compounding 5.3.2: Velocity Compounding 5.3.3: Pressure–Velocity Compounding 5.4: Analysis 5.4.1: Rateau Stages 5.4.2: Parsons Stages 5.4.3: Curtis Stage 5.5: Mass Flow Rate and Blade Heights 5.6: Efficiencies 5.6.1: Nozzle Efficiency 5.6.2: Carryover Efficiency 5.6.3: Stator Efficiency or Blade Passage Efficiency 5.6.4: Rotor Efficiency or Vane Efficiency 5.6.5: Stage Efficiency 5.7: Reheat Factor 5.8: Governing of Steam Turbines 5.8.1: Governing by Nozzle Control 5.8.2: Governing by Throttle Control 5.9: Performance Characteristics of Steam Turbines Keywords Summary Important Equations Multiple-Choice Questions Review Questions Exercises Project-Oriented Questions Answers Chapter 6: Hydraulic Turbines Learning Objectives 6.1: Introduction 6.2: Classification of Hydraulic Turbines 6.2.1: Selection of Hydraulic Turbines 6.3: Pelton Turbine 6.3.1: Constructional Details of Pelton Turbine 6.3.2: Analysis of the Pelton Turbine 6.3.3: Efficiencies of Pelton turbine 6.3.4: Design Parameters of Pelton Turbine 6.4: Francis Turbine 6.4.1: Constructional Features of Francis Turbine 6.4.2: Analysis of the Francis Turbine 6.4.3: Efficiencies of Francis turbine 6.4.4: Design Parameters of Francis Turbine 6.5: Draft Tube 6.5.1: Analysis of Draft Tube 6.6: Cavitation 6.7: Kaplan Turbine and Propeller Turbine 6.7.1: Constructional Features of Kaplan and Propeller Turbines 6.7.2: Analysis of Kaplan and Propeller Turbines 6.7.3: Efficiencies of Kaplan or Propeller Turbine 6.7.4: Design Parameters of Kaplan and Propeller Turbines 6.8: Governing of Hydraulic Turbines 6.8.1: Parts of the Governing System 6.8.2: Working of the Governing System 6.9: Characteristics of the Hydraulic Turbine Keywords Summary Important Equations Multiple-Choice Questions Review Questions Exercises Project-Oriented Questions Answers Chapter 7: Centrifugal Pumps Learning Objectives 7.1: Introduction 7.2: Centrifugal Pump 7.2.1: Advantages of Centrifugal Pumps over Reciprocating Pumps 7.3: Construction and Working of a Centrifugal Pump 7.4: Classification of Centrifugal Pumps 7.5: Different Heads of Centrifugal Pumps 7.6: Different Efficiencies of a Centrifugal Pump 7.6.1: Mechanical Efficiency 7.6.2: Volumetric Efficiency 7.6.3: Hydraulic Efficiency or Manometric Efficiency 7.6.4: Overall Efficiency 7.7: Analysis of a Centrifugal Pump 7.8: Minimum Starting Speed of a Centrifugal Pump 7.9: Maximum Suction Lift and Net Positive Suction Head 7.10: Cavitation 7.11: Priming 7.12: Pumps in Series and in Parallel 7.12.1: Pumps-in-Series 7.12.2: Pumps-in-Parallel Keywords Summary Important Equations Multiple-Choice Questions Review Questions Exercises Project-Oriented Questions Answers Chapter 8: Fans, Blowers, and Compressors Learning Objectives 8.1: Introduction 8.2: Radial Flow Compressors or Centrifugal Compressors 8.2.1: Stage Velocity Triangles, Inlet Flow Conditions, and Pre-Whirl 8.3: Compression Process 8.3.1: Slip in the Compression Process 8.3.2: Isentropic Compression Efficiency 8.3.3: Pressure Coefficient or Loading Coefficient 8.3.4: Power Input Factor or Work-Done Factor 8.3.5: Analysis of Diffuser Flow: Diffuser Efficiency 8.3.6: Stage Work and Stage Efficiency 8.3.7: Pressure Developed in the Rotor and Compressor 8.3.8: Performance of a Radial Flow Compressor 8.4: Matching of Compressor and System Characteristics: Surging in Compressors 8.5: Axial Flow Compressors 8.5.1: Stage Velocity Triangles 8.5.2: Stage Work, Stage Efficiency, and Performance 8.6: Stalling of the Blades Keywords Summary Important Equations Multiple-Choice Questions Review Questions Exercises Project-Oriented Questions Answers Chapter 9: Power-Transmitting Turbomachines Learning Objectives 9.1: Introduction 9.2: Working Principle of a Power-Transmitting Turbomachine 9.3: Construction and Working of a Power-Transmitting Turbomachine 9.4: Analysis of Power-Transmitting Turbomachines 9.4.1: Fluid Coupling 9.4.2: Torque Converter 9.5: Comparison of Fluid Systems with Mechanical Systems 9.5.1: Applications Summary Multiple-Choice Questions Review Questions Exercises Project-Oriented Questions Answers Glossary Bibliography Index Backcover