دانلود کتاب Two Scoops of Django 3.x

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Dedication About the Dedication Forward by William Vincent Authors' Notes A Few Words From Daniel Feldroy A Few Words From Audrey Feldroy Introduction A Word About Our Recommendations Why Two Scoops of Django? Before You Begin This Book Is Intended for Django 3.x and Python 3.8 or 3.9 Each Chapter Stands On Its Own Conventions Used in This Book Core Concepts Keep It Simple, Stupid Fat Models, Utility Modules, Thin Views, Stupid Templates Start With Django By Default Be Familiar with Django's Design Philosophies The Twelve-Factor App Our Writing Concepts Provide the Best Material Stand on the Shoulders of Giants Listen to Our Readers and Reviewers Publish Errata 1 Coding Style 1.1 The Importance of Making Your Code Readable 1.2 PEP 8 1.2.1 The 79-Character Limit 1.3 The Word on Imports 1.4 Understand Explicit Relative Imports 1.5 Avoid Using Import * 1.5.1 Other Python Naming Collisions 1.6 Django Coding Style 1.6.1 Consider the Django Coding Style Guidelines 1.6.2 Use Underscores in URL Pattern Names Rather Than Dashes 1.6.3 Use Underscores in Template Block Names Rather Than Dashes 1.7 Choose JS, HTML, and CSS Style Guides 1.7.1 JavaScript Style Guides 1.7.2 HTML and CSS Style Guides 1.8 Never Code to the IDE (Or Text Editor) 1.9 Summary 2 The Optimal Django Environment Setup 2.1 Use the Same Database Engine Everywhere 2.1.1 You Can't Examine an Exact Copy of Production Data Locally 2.1.2 Different Databases Have Different Field Types/Constraints 2.1.3 Fixtures Are Not a Magic Solution 2.2 Use Pip and (Virtualenv or venv) 2.2.1 virtualenvwrapper 2.3 Install Django and Other Dependencies via Pip 2.4 Use Git For Version Control 2.5 Optional: Identical Environments 2.5.1 Docker 2.6 Summary 3 How to Lay Out Django Projects 3.1 Django 3's Default Project Layout 3.2 Our Preferred Project Layout 3.2.1 Top Level: Repository Root 3.2.2 Second Level: Django Project Root 3.2.3 Second Level: Configuration Root 3.3 Sample Project Layout 3.4 What About the Virtualenv? 3.4.1 Listing Current Dependencies 3.5 Going Beyond startproject 3.5.1 Generating Project Boilerplate With Cookiecutter 3.5.2 Generating a Starting Project With Cookiecutter Django 3.6 Other Alternatives to startproject 3.7 Summary 4 Fundamentals of Django App Design 4.1 The Golden Rule of Django App Design 4.1.1 A Practical Example of Apps in a Project 4.2 What to Name Your Django Apps 4.3 When in Doubt, Keep Apps Small 4.4 What Modules Belong in an App? 4.4.1 Common App Modules 4.4.2 Uncommon App Modules 4.5 Alternative: Ruby on Rails-Style Approaches 4.5.1 Service Layers 4.5.2 The Large Single App Project 4.6 Summary 5 Settings and Requirements Files 5.1 Avoid Non-Versioned Local Settings 5.2 Using Multiple Settings Files 5.2.1 A Development Settings Example 5.2.2 Multiple Development Settings 5.3 Separate Configuration From Code 5.3.1 A Caution Before Using Environment Variables for Secrets 5.3.2 How to Set Environment Variables Locally 5.3.3 How to Unset Environment Variables Locally 5.3.4 How to Set Environment Variables in Production 5.3.5 Handling Missing Secret Key Exceptions 5.4 When You Can't Use Environment Variables 5.4.1 Using JSON Files 5.4.2 Using .env, Config, YAML, and XML File Formats 5.5 Using Multiple Requirements Files 5.5.1 Installing From Multiple Requirements Files 5.6 Handling File Paths in Settings 5.7 Summary 6 Model Best Practices 6.1 Basics 6.1.1 Break Up Apps With Too Many Models 6.1.2 Be Careful With Model Inheritance 6.1.3 Model Inheritance in Practice: The TimeStampedModel 6.2 Database Migrations 6.2.1 Tips for Creating Migrations 6.2.2 Adding Python Functions and Custom SQL to Migrations 6.3 Overcoming Common Obstacles of RunPython 6.3.1 Getting Access to a Custom Model Manager's Methods 6.3.2 Getting Access to a Custom Model Method 6.3.3 Use RunPython.noop to Do Nothing 6.3.4 Deployment and Management of Migrations 6.4 Django Model Design 6.4.1 Start Normalized 6.4.2 Cache Before Denormalizing 6.4.3 Denormalize Only if Absolutely Needed 6.4.4 When to Use Null and Blank 6.4.5 When to Use BinaryField 6.4.6 Try to Avoid Using Generic Relations 6.4.7 Make Choices and Sub-Choices Model Constants 6.4.8 Using Enumeration Types for Choices 6.4.9 PostgreSQL-Specific Fields: When to Use Null and Blank 6.5 The Model _meta API 6.6 Model Managers 6.7 Understanding Fat Models 6.7.1 Model Behaviors a.k.a Mixins 6.7.2 Stateless Helper Functions 6.7.3 Model Behaviors vs Helper Functions 6.8 Additional Resources 6.9 Summary 7 Queries and the Database Layer 7.1 Use get_object_or_404() for Single Objects 7.2 Be Careful With Queries That Might Throw Exceptions 7.2.1 ObjectDoesNotExist vs. DoesNotExist 7.2.2 When You Just Want One Object but Get Three Back 7.3 Use Lazy Evaluation to Make Queries Legible 7.3.1 Chaining Queries for Legibility 7.4 Lean on Advanced Query Tools 7.4.1 Query Expressions 7.4.2 Database Functions 7.5 Don't Drop Down to Raw SQL Until It's Necessary 7.6 Add Indexes as Needed 7.7 Transactions 7.7.1 Wrapping Each HTTP Request in a Transaction 7.7.2 Explicit Transaction Declaration 7.7.3 django.http.StreamingHttpResponse and Transactions 7.7.4 Transactions in MySQL 7.7.5 Django ORM Transaction Resources 7.8 Summary 8 Function- And Class-Based Views 8.1 When to Use FBVs or CBVs 8.2 Keep View Logic Out of URLConfs 8.3 Stick to Loose Coupling in URLConfs 8.3.1 What if We Aren't Using CBVs? 8.4 Use URL Namespaces 8.4.1 Makes for Shorter, More Intuitive, and Don't Repeat Yourself URL Names 8.4.2 Increases Interoperability With Third-Party Libraries 8.4.3 Easier Searches, Upgrades, and Refactors 8.4.4 Allows for More App and Template Reverse Tricks 8.5 Try to Keep Business Logic Out of Views 8.6 Django Views Are Functions 8.6.1 The Simplest Views 8.7 Don't Use locals() as Views Context 8.8 Summary 9 Best Practices for Function-Based Views 9.1 Advantages of FBVs 9.2 Passing the HttpRequest Object 9.3 Decorators Are Sweet 9.3.1 Be Conservative With Decorators 9.3.2 Additional Resources on Decorators 9.4 Passing the HttpResponse Object 9.5 Additional Resources for Function-Based Views 9.6 Summary 10 Best Practices for Class-Based Views 10.1 Guidelines When Working With CBVs 10.2 Using Mixins With CBVs 10.3 Which Django GCBV Should Be Used for What Task? 10.4 General Tips for Django CBVs 10.4.1 Constraining Django CBV/GCBV Access to Authenticated Users 10.4.2 Performing Custom Actions on Views With Valid Forms 10.4.3 Performing Custom Actions on Views With Invalid Forms 10.4.4 Using the View Object 10.5 How GCBVs and Forms Fit Together 10.5.1 Views + ModelForm Example 10.5.2 Views + Form Example 10.6 Using Just django.views.generic.View 10.7 Additional Resources 10.8 Summary 11 Asynchronous Views 11.1 Notes from Analyzing Django 3.1a Pre-Release Async Views 11.2 Resources 12 Common Patterns for Forms 12.1 Pattern 1: Simple ModelForm With Default Validators 12.2 Pattern 2: Custom Form Field Validators in ModelForms 12.3 Pattern 3: Overriding the Clean Stage of Validation 12.4 Pattern 4: Hacking Form Fields (2 CBVs, 2 Forms, 1 Model) 12.5 Pattern 5: Reusable Search Mixin View 12.6 Summary 13 Form Fundamentals 13.1 Validate All Incoming Data With Django Forms 13.2 Use the POST Method in HTML Forms 13.3 Always Use CSRF Protection With HTTP Forms That Modify Data 13.3.1 Posting Data via AJAX 13.4 Understand How to Add Django Form Instance Attributes 13.5 Know How Form Validation Works 13.5.1 ModelForm Data Is Saved to the Form, Then the Model Instance 13.6 Add Errors to Forms With Form.add_error() 13.6.1 Other Useful Form Methods 13.7 Fields Without Pre-Made Widgets 13.8 Customizing Widgets 13.8.1 Overriding the HTML of Built-In Widgets 13.8.2 Creating New Custom Widgets 13.9 Additional Resources 13.10 Summary 14 Templates: Best Practices 14.1 Keep Templates Mostly in templates/ 14.2 Template Architecture Patterns 14.2.1 2-Tier Template Architecture Example 14.2.2 3-Tier Template Architecture Example 14.2.3 Flat Is Better Than Nested 14.3 Limit Processing in Templates 14.3.1 Gotcha 1: Aggregation in Templates 14.3.2 Gotcha 2: Filtering With Conditionals in Templates 14.3.3 Gotcha 3: Complex Implied Queries in Templates 14.3.4 Gotcha 4: Hidden CPU Load in Templates 14.3.5 Gotcha 5: Hidden REST API Calls in Templates 14.4 Don't Bother Making Your Generated HTML Pretty 14.5 Exploring Template Inheritance 14.6 block.super Gives the Power of Control 14.7 Useful Things to Consider 14.7.1 Avoid Coupling Styles Too Tightly to Python Code 14.7.2 Common Conventions 14.7.3 Use Implicit and Named Explicit Context Objects Properly 14.7.4 Use URL Names Instead of Hardcoded Paths 14.7.5 Debugging Complex Templates 14.8 Error Page Templates 14.9 Follow a Minimalist Approach 14.10 Summary 15 Template Tags and Filters 15.1 Filters Are Functions 15.1.1 Filters Are Easy to Test 15.1.2 Filters and Code Reuse 15.1.3 When to Write Filters 15.2 Custom Template Tags 15.2.1 Template Tags Are Harder to Debug 15.2.2 Template Tags Make Code Reuse Harder 15.2.3 The Performance Cost of Template Tags 15.2.4 When to Write Template Tags 15.3 Naming Your Template Tag Libraries 15.4 Loading Your Template Tag Modules 15.4.1 Watch Out for This Anti-Pattern 15.5 Summary 16 Django Templates and Jinja2 16.1 What's the Syntactical Difference? 16.2 Should I Switch? 16.2.1 Advantages of DTL 16.2.2 Advantages of Jinja2 16.2.3 Which One Wins? 16.3 Considerations When Using Jinja2 With Django 16.3.1 CSRF and Jinja2 16.3.2 Using Template Tags in Jinja2 Templates 16.3.3 Using Django-Style Template Filters in Jinja2 Templates 16.3.4 The Jinja2 Environment Object Should Be Considered Static 16.4 Resources 16.5 Summary 17 Building REST APIs With Django REST Framework 17.1 Fundamentals of Basic REST API Design 17.2 Illustrating Design Concepts With a Simple API 17.3 REST API Architecture 17.3.1 Use Consistent API Module Naming 17.3.2 Code for a Project Should Be Neatly Organized 17.3.3 Code for an App Should Remain in the App 17.3.4 Try to Keep Business Logic Out of API Views 17.3.5 Grouping API URLs 17.3.6 Test Your API 17.3.7 Version Your API 17.3.8 Be Careful With Customized Authentication Schemes 17.4 When DRF Gets in the Way 17.4.1 Remote Procedure Calls vs REST APIs 17.4.2 Problems With Complex Data 17.4.3 Simplify! Go Atomic! 17.5 Shutting Down an External API 17.5.1 Step #1: Notify Users of Pending Shut Down 17.5.2 Step #2: Replace API With 410 Error View 17.6 Rate-Limiting Your API 17.6.1 Unfettered API Access Is Dangerous 17.6.2 REST Frameworks Must Come With Rate Limiting 17.6.3 Rate Limiting Can Be a Business Plan 17.7 Advertising Your REST API 17.7.1 Documentation 17.7.2 Provide Client SDKs 17.8 Additional Reading 17.9 Other Approaches for Crafting APIs 17.9.1 CBV Approach: JsonResponse with View 17.9.2 FBV approach: django-jsonview 17.9.3 django-tastypie 17.10 Summary 18 Building GraphQL APIs With Django 18.1 Dispelling the Performance Myth 18.2 GraphQL API Architecture 18.2.1 Don't Use Sequential Keys as Public Identifiers 18.2.2 Use Consistent API Module Naming 18.2.3 Try to Keep Business Logic Out of API Views 18.2.4 Test Your API 18.2.5 Version Your API 18.2.6 Be Careful With Customized Authentication Schemes 18.3 Shutting Down an External API 19 JavaScript and Django 19.1 Popular JavaScript Approaches 19.1.1 Building Single Page Apps When Multi-Page Apps Suffice 19.1.2 Upgrading Legacy Sites 19.1.3 Not Writing Tests 19.1.4 Not Understanding JavaScript Memory Management 19.1.5 Storing Data in the DOM When It's Not jQuery 19.2 Consuming Django-served APIs with JavaScript 19.2.1 Learn How to Debug the Client 19.2.2 When Possible, Use JavaScript-Powered Static Asset Preprocessors 19.3 Real-Time Woes a.k.a. Latency 19.3.1 Solution: Mask the Latency With Animations 19.3.2 Solution: Fake Successful Transactions 19.3.3 Solution: Geographically Based Servers 19.3.4 Solution: Restrict Users Geographically 19.3.5 AJAX and the CSRF Token 19.4 Using JavaScript with Templates Served by Django 19.4.1 JavaScript Can Go In the Header Again 19.4.2 Use JSON Encoding for Data Consumed by JavaScript 19.5 Strengthening JavaScript Skills 19.5.1 Learn More JavaScript! 19.6 Follow JavaScript Coding Standards 19.7 Summary 20 Tradeoffs of Replacing Core Components 20.1 The Temptation to Build FrankenDjango 20.2 Non-Relational Databases vs. Relational Databases 20.2.1 Not All Non-Relational Databases Are ACID Compliant 20.2.2 Don't Use Non-Relational Databases for Relational Tasks 20.2.3 Ignore the Hype and Do Your Own Research 20.2.4 How We Use Non-Relational Databases With Django 20.3 What About Replacing the Django Template Language? 20.4 Summary 21 Working With the Django Admin 21.1 It's Not for End Users 21.2 Admin Customization vs. New Views 21.3 Viewing String Representations of Objects 21.3.1 Using __str__() 21.3.2 Using list_display 21.4 Adding Callables to ModelAdmin Classes 21.5 Be Aware of the Complications of Multiuser Environments 21.6 Django's Admin Documentation Generator 21.7 Using Custom Skins With the Django Admin 21.7.1 Evaluation Point: Documentation is Everything 21.7.2 Write Tests for Any Admin Extensions You Create 21.8 Secure the Django Admin 21.8.1 Change the Default Admin URL 21.8.2 Use django-admin-honeypot 21.8.3 Only Allow Admin Access via HTTPS 21.8.4 Limit Admin Access Based on IP 21.9 Securing the Admin Docs 21.10 Summary 22 Dealing With the User Model 22.1 Use Django's Tools for Finding the User Model 22.1.1 Use settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL for Foreign Keys to User 22.1.2 Don't Use get_user_model() for Foreign Keys to User 22.2 Custom User Fields for Django Projects 22.2.1 Option 1: Subclass AbstractUser 22.2.2 Option 2: Subclass AbstractBaseUser 22.2.3 Option 3: Linking Back From a Related Model 22.3 Handling Multiple User Types 22.3.1 Add a User Type Field 22.3.2 Add a User Type Field Plus Proxy Models 22.3.3 Adding Extra Data Fields 22.3.4 Additional Resources on Multiple User Types 22.4 Summary 23 Django's Secret Sauce: Third-Party Packages 23.1 Examples of Third-Party Packages 23.2 Know About the Python Package Index 23.3 Know About DjangoPackages.org 23.4 Know Your Resources 23.5 Tools for Installing and Managing Packages 23.6 Package Requirements 23.7 Wiring Up Django Packages: The Basics 23.7.1 Step 1: Read the Documentation for the Package 23.7.2 Step 2: Add Package and Version Number to Your Requirements 23.7.3 Step 3: Install the Requirements Into Your Virtualenv 23.7.4 Step 4: Follow the Package's Installation Instructions Exactly 23.8 Troubleshooting Third-Party Packages 23.9 Releasing Your Own Django Packages 23.10 What Makes a Good Django Package? 23.10.1 Purpose 23.10.2 Scope 23.10.3 Documentation 23.10.4 Tests 23.10.5 Templates 23.10.6 Activity 23.10.7 Community 23.10.8 Modularity 23.10.9 Availability on PyPI 23.10.10 Uses the Broadest Requirements Specifiers Possible 23.10.11 Proper Version Numbers 23.10.12 Name 23.10.13 License 23.10.14 Clarity of Code 23.10.15 Use URL Namespaces 23.11 Creating Your Own Packages the Easy Way 23.12 Maintaining Your Open Source Package 23.12.1 Give Credit for Pull Requests 23.12.2 Handling Bad Pull Requests 23.12.3 Do Formal PyPI Releases 23.12.4 Create and Deploy Wheels to PyPI 23.12.5 Add Git Tags to the Repo 23.12.6 Upgrade the Package to New Versions of Django 23.12.7 Follow Good Security Practices 23.12.8 Provide Sample Base Templates 23.12.9 Give the Package Away 23.13 Additional Reading 23.14 Summary 24 Testing Stinks and Is a Waste of Money! 24.1 Testing Saves Money, Jobs, and Lives 24.2 How to Structure Tests 24.3 How to Write Unit Tests 24.3.1 Each Test Method Tests One Thing 24.3.2 For Views, When Possible Use the Request Factory 24.3.3 Don't Write Tests That Have to Be Tested 24.3.4 Don't Repeat Yourself Doesn't Apply to Writing Tests 24.3.5 Don't Rely on Fixtures 24.3.6 Things That Should Be Tested 24.3.7 Test for Failure 24.3.8 Use Mock to Keep Unit Tests From Touching the World 24.3.9 Use Fancier Assertion Methods 24.3.10 Document the Purpose of Each Test 24.4 What About Integration Tests? 24.5 Continuous Integration 24.6 Who Cares? We Don't Have Time for Tests! 24.7 The Game of Test Coverage 24.8 Setting Up the Test Coverage Game 24.8.1 Step 1: Start Writing Tests 24.8.2 Step 2: Run Tests and Generate Coverage Report 24.8.3 Step 3: Generate the Report! 24.9 Playing the Game of Test Coverage 24.10 Alternatives to unittest 24.11 Summary 25 Documentation: Be Obsessed 25.1 Use GitHub-Flavored Markdown for Docs 25.2 Use MkDocs or Sphinx with Myst to Generate Documentation From Markdown 25.3 What Docs Should Django Projects Contain? 25.4 Additional Markdown Documentation Resources 25.5 The ReStructuredText Alternative 25.5.1 ReStructuredText Resources 25.6 When Documentation Needs to Be Convert to/from Markdown or ReStructuredText 25.7 Wikis and Other Documentation Methods 25.8 Ensuring that Code is Documented 25.9 Summary 26 Finding and Reducing Bottlenecks 26.1 Should You Even Care? 26.2 Speed Up Query-Heavy Pages 26.2.1 Find Excessive Queries With Django Debug Toolbar 26.2.2 Reduce the Number of Queries 26.2.3 Speed Up Common Queries 26.2.4 Switch ATOMIC_REQUESTS to False 26.3 Get the Most Out of Your Database 26.3.1 Know What Doesn't Belong in the Database 26.3.2 Getting the Most Out of PostgreSQL 26.3.3 Getting the Most Out of MySQL 26.4 Cache Queries With Memcached or Redis 26.5 Identify Specific Places to Cache 26.6 Consider Third-Party Caching Packages 26.7 Compression and Minification of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript 26.8 Use Upstream Caching or a Content Delivery Network 26.9 Other Resources 26.10 Summary 27 Asynchronous Task Queues 27.1 Do We Need a Task Queue? 28 Security Best Practices 28.1 Reference Security Sections in Other Chapters 28.2 Harden Your Servers 28.3 Know Django's Security Features 28.4 Turn Off DEBUG Mode in Production 28.5 Keep Your Secret Keys Secret 28.6 HTTPS Everywhere 28.6.1 Use Secure Cookies 28.6.2 Use HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) 28.6.3 HTTPS Configuration Tools 28.7 Use Allowed Hosts Validation 28.8 Always Use CSRF Protection With HTTP Forms That Modify Data 28.9 Prevent Against Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Attacks 28.9.1 Use format_html Over mark_safe 28.9.2 Don't Allow Users to Set Individual HTML Tag Attributes 28.9.3 Use JSON Encoding for Data Consumed by JavaScript 28.9.4 Beware Unusual JavaScript 28.9.5 Add Content Security Policy Headers 28.9.6 Additional Reading 28.10 Defend Against Python Code Injection Attacks 28.10.1 Python Built-Ins That Execute Code 28.10.2 Python Standard Library Modules That Can Execute Code 28.10.3 Third-Party Libraries That Can Execute Code 28.10.4 Be Careful With Cookie-Based Sessions 28.11 Validate All Incoming Data With Django Forms 28.12 Disable the Autocomplete on Payment Fields 28.13 Handle User-Uploaded Files Carefully 28.13.1 When a CDN Is Not an Option 28.13.2 Django and User-Uploaded Files 28.14 Don't Use ModelForms.Meta.exclude 28.14.1 Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities 28.15 Don't Use ModelForms.Meta.fields = "all" 28.16 Beware of SQL Injection Attacks 28.17 Don't Store Unnecessary Data 28.17.1 Never Store Credit Card Data 28.17.2 Don't Store PII or PHI Unless Required (By Law) 28.18 Monitor Your Sites 28.19 Keep Your Dependencies Up-to-Date 28.20 Prevent Clickjacking 28.21 Guard Against XML Bombing With defusedxml 28.22 Explore Two-Factor Authentication 28.23 Embrace SecurityMiddleware 28.24 Force the Use of Strong Passwords 28.25 Don't Prevent Copy/Pasting of Password 28.26 Give Your Site a Security Checkup 28.27 Put Up a Vulnerability Reporting Page 28.28 Never Display Sequential Primary Keys 28.28.1 Lookup by Slug 28.28.2 UUIDs 28.29 Upgrade Password Hasher to Argon2 28.30 Use SRI When Loading Static Assets From External Sources 28.31 Reference Our Security Settings Appendix 28.32 Review the List of Security Packages 28.33 Keep Up-to-Date on General Security Practices 28.34 Summary 29 Logging: What's It For, Anyway? 29.1 Application Logs vs. Other Logs 29.2 Why Bother With Logging? 29.3 When to Use Each Log Level 29.3.1 Log Catastrophes With CRITICAL 29.3.2 Log Production Errors With ERROR 29.3.3 Log Lower-Priority Problems With WARNING 29.3.4 Log Useful State Information With INFO 29.3.5 Log Debug-Related Messages to DEBUG 29.4 Log Tracebacks When Catching Exceptions 29.5 One Logger Per Module That Uses Logging 29.6 Log Locally to Rotating Files 29.7 Other Logging Tips 29.8 Necessary Reading Material 29.9 Useful Third-Party Tools 29.10 Summary 30 Signals: Use Cases and Avoidance Techniques 31 What About Those Random Utilities? 31.1 Create a Core App for Your Utilities 31.2 Optimize Apps With Utility Modules 31.2.1 Storing Code Used in Many Places 31.2.2 Trimming Models 31.2.3 Easier Testing 31.3 Django's Own Swiss Army Knife 31.3.1 django.contrib.humanize 31.3.2 django.utils.decorators.method_decorator(decorator) 31.3.3 django.utils.decorators.decorator_from_middleware(middleware) 31.3.4 django.utils.encoding.force_text(value) 31.3.5 django.utils.functional.cached_property 31.3.6 django.utils.html.format_html(format_str, *args, **kwargs) 31.3.7 django.utils.html.strip_tags(value) 31.3.8 django.utils.text.slugify(value) 31.3.9 Slugification and Languages Besides English 31.3.10 django.utils.timezone 31.3.11 django.utils.translation 31.4 Exceptions 31.4.1 django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured 31.4.2 django.core.exceptions.ObjectDoesNotExist 31.4.3 django.core.exceptions.PermissionDenied 31.5 Serializers and Deserializers 31.5.1 django.core.serializers.json.DjangoJSONEncoder 31.5.2 django.core.serializers.pyyaml 31.5.3 django.core.serializers.xml_serializer 31.5.4 rest_framework.serializers 31.6 Summary 32 Deployment: Platforms as a Service 33 Deploying Django Projects 34 Continuous Integration 35 The Art of Debugging 36 Where and How to Ask Django Questions 37 Closing Thoughts Appendix A: Packages Mentioned In This Book Appendix B: Troubleshooting Installation Appendix C: Additional Resources Timeless Python and Django Material Timeless Beginner Django Material Timeless Beginner Python Material Timeless Useful Python Material JavaScript Resources Appendix D: Internationalization and Localization Appendix E: Settings Alternatives Appendix F: Security Settings Reference Appendix G: Handling Security Failures Have a Plan Ready for When Things Go Wrong Shut Everything Down or Put It in Read-Only Mode Put Up a Static HTML Page Back Everything Up Email security@djangoproject.com, Even if It's Your Fault Start Looking Into the Problem Appendix H: WebSockets with Channels Each Browser Tab Has Its Own WebSocket Connection Expect WebSocket Connections to Drop All the Time Validate Incoming Data! Acknowledgments List of Figures List of Tables Index