دانلود کتاب Understanding Aerodynamics: Arguing from the Real Physics

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Understanding Aerodynamics
Contents
Foreword
Series Preface
Preface
List of Symbols
Chapter 1 Introduction to the Conceptual Landscape
Chapter 2 From Elementary Particles to Aerodynamic Flows
Chapter 3 Continuum Fluid Mechanics and the Navier-Stokes Equations
3.1 The Continuum Formulation and Its Range of Validity
3.2 Mathematical Formalism
3.3 Kinematics: Streamlines, Streaklines, Timelines, and Vorticity
3.3.1 Streamlines and Streaklines
3.3.2 Streamtubes, Stream Surfaces, and the Stream Function
3.3.3 Timelines
3.3.4 The Divergence of the Velocity and Green\'s Theorem. 3.3.5 Vorticity and Circulation3.3.6 The Velocity Potential in Irrotational Flow
3.3.7 Concepts that Arise in Describing the Vorticity Field
3.3.8 Velocity Fields Associated with Concentrations of Vorticity
3.3.9 The Biot-Savart Law and the ``Induction\'\' Fallacy
3.4 The Equations of Motion and their Physical Meaning
3.4.1 Continuity of the Flow and Conservation of Mass
3.4.2 Forces on Fluid Parcels and Conservation of Momentum
3.4.3 Conservation of Energy
3.4.4 Constitutive Relations and Boundary Conditions
3.4.5 Mathematical Nature of the Equations. 3.4.6 The Physics as Viewed in the Eulerian Frame3.4.7 The Pseudo-Lagrangian Viewpoint
3.5 Cause and Effect, and the Problem of Prediction
3.6 The Effects of Viscosity
3.7 Turbulence, Reynolds Averaging, and Turbulence Modeling
3.8 Important Dynamical Relationships
3.8.1 Galilean Invariance, or Independence of Reference Frame
3.8.2 Circulation Preservation and the Persistence of Irrotationality
3.8.3 Behavior of Vortex Tubes in Inviscid and Viscous Flows
3.8.4 Bernoulli Equations and Stagnation Conditions
3.8.5 Crocco\'s Theorem
3.9 Dynamic Similarity. 3.9.1 Compressibility Effects and the Mach Number3.9.2 Viscous Effects and the Reynolds Number
3.9.3 Scaling of Pressure Forces: the Dynamic Pressure
3.9.4 Consequences of Failing to Match All of the Requirements for Similarity
3.10 ``Incompressible\'\' Flow and Potential Flow
3.11 Compressible Flow and Shocks
3.11.1 Steady 1D Isentropic Flow Theory
3.11.2 Relations for Normal and Oblique Shock Waves
Chapter 4 Boundary Layers
4.1 Physical Aspects of Boundary-Layer Flows
4.1.1 The Basic Sequence: Attachment, Transition, Separation. 4.1.2 General Development of the Boundary-Layer Flowfield4.1.3 Boundary-Layer Displacement Effect
4.1.4 Separation from a Smooth Wall
4.2 Boundary-Layer Theory
4.2.1 The Boundary-Layer Equations
4.2.2 Integrated Momentum Balance in a Boundary Layer
4.2.3 The Displacement Effect and Matching with the Outer Flow
4.2.4 The Vorticity ``Budget\'\' in a 2D Incompressible Boundary Layer
4.2.5 Situations That Violate the Assumptions of Boundary-Layer Theory
4.2.6 Summary of Lessons from Boundary-Layer Theory
4.3 Flat-Plate Boundary Layers and Other Simplified Cases
4.3.1 Flat-Plate Flow.