دانلود کتاب Understanding Beowulf As an Indo-European Epic: A Study in Comparative Mythology

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Foreword by Mary P. Richards Acknowledgments Introduction Chapter 1. Scyld, Beow, and the Problem of Hygelac Heroic life in bono Heroic life in malo Scyld as a model of kingship Typescene analysis Beow as a model of kingship The problem of Hygelac Chapter 2. Mythopoeia Hreðel’s mailcoat Grendel’s glof Four discourse modalities Grendel as a disease-spirit Conclusion Chapter 3. Grendel and his Mother Epithets for Grendel and his mother Grendel and thematic oppositions Grendel’s descent from Cain Grendel’s name Ironic scop songs about Grendel’s feud Grendel and his mother as demons Grendel’s immunity from weapons Grendel and the gifstol Conclusion Chapter 4. Grendel’s Mere Grendel’s home as an underwater court Grendel’s mere as hell Mythopoeic epistemology Mythopoeic cosmology Unferð, and Beowulf’s maritime transgression Horizontal cosmology as a submerged theme Chapter 5. Æschere’s Death and the Problem of Hroðgar “Choosing the avenger” typescene Retrospective allusions to the Grendel-fight Proleptic deixis Collective and individual behaviors The lament for Æschere and consolatio mortis Lament and panegyric Invective and digression Revenge as consolation Admonition forbidding mourning Consolation precepts Funeral rites as consolation Chapter 6. Symbolic Politics Negotiating demonstrative behavior Beowulf’s reception in Heorot Epic antithesis The Ecgþeow digression Gift-giving as demonstrative behavior Unferð’s loan of Hrunting Hroðgar’s adoption of Beowulf Chapter 7. Family Charisma Charismatic affection Hreðel’s sorrow and the Father’s Lament Chapter 8. Rhetoric in an Open Text Equivalent and superlative similes The perfect simile Wealhþeow’s torque The logic of epic superlative Absolute and conditional superlatives The amazon-warrior simile Merismus: pleonasm and signification Smiths and tapestry-makers in Heorot Chapter 9. Allusion: the Semiotics of Digression Aetiology and deixis Allusion in the scop’s song of Creation The Danes’ worship of idols Comparative and contrastive collocation: Sigemund and Heremod The Dano-Heaðobeard feud Ingeld episode Finn episode Tragic court flytings in other texts Chapter 10. Battlefield Typescenes “Three mighty blows” Beowulf’s combative handshake Single combat: Beowulf’s victory-song Hygelac’s expedition in Frisia Beowulf’s single combat with Dæghrefn Weapons failing in battle Warning the hero against an adventure Profiles of the hero and his retainers Companions await the hero’s adventure Companions leave the hero for dead Retreat to the woods Companion fetches water for the hero Chapter 11. Wyrd, ellen, geþyld, and the Heroic Moment Heroism and radical risk Radical risk in The Battle of Maldon Radical risk and wyrd Competing definitions of wyrd Wyrd in Beowulf The heroic moment and ellen The heroic moment and geþyld The problem of Hondscioh Geþyld and the dragon-fight Geþyld in malo Chapter 12. The Dragon’s Treasure Arguments in favor of treasure reburial Arguments for keeping the treasure The collectivity of the dragon’s hoard The curse on the treasure Treasure-regality as a legal principle Treasure trove and the Seven Sleepers Treasure trove in Hrolfs saga Kraki Treasure trove in Cynewulf’s Elene Treasure-regality in Beowulf The problem of Wiglaf The dragon-fight and Indo-European cattle-raids Theft versus combat Tracking the dragon to his remote cave Cattle-raid and dragon-fight as rite de passage Cattle and treasure as community property Conclusion Appendix I. Aornos and Grendel’s Mere (Beowulf 1368-72) Appendix II. Epic Antithesis in Beowulf and Finnsburh Bibliography Index