دانلود کتاب Understanding Language Classroom Contexts: The starting point for change

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Cover\nHalf Title\nSeries\nTitle\nCopyright\nContents\nList of figures\nList of tables\nAcknowledgements\nIntroduction\n 1. Who we are and why we have written this book\n 2. Who might find this book useful?\n 3. What is in the book?\n 4. Chapter outlines\n 5. Ways to use the book\n1 Components of contexts\n Introduction\n 1. Description of a context\n 2. Developing a framework for understanding context\n 3. The context of place\n 4. Time\n 5. People\n 6. Summary and task\n2 Exploring culture\n Introduction\n 1. Exploring CULTURE\n 2. The historical perspective\n 3. Seeing the relevance of ‘Culture’ to our purpose\n 4. Classroom cultures\n 5. Summary and task\n3 Language and languages in education\n Introduction\n 1. Language and learning\n 1.2 The Zone of Proximal Development and scaffolding\n 2. Languages in contexts\n 3. The global importance of English\n 4. The Importance of English in and to your country\n 5. Where English is taught or used in the education system\n 6. Summary and task\n4 From cultures to methods\n Introduction\n 1. Why do methods change?\n 2. A brief history of methods: The Grammar Translation Method (GTM)\n 3. A brief history of methods: The Audio-Lingual method (ALM)\n 4. A brief history of methods: Humanistic methods\n 5. Summary and task\n5 From methods to approaches\n Introduction\n 1. Communicative approaches\n 2. Changing perceptions of language\n 3. Language syllabuses and language exams\n 4. Communicative approaches in different contexts\n 5. Conclusion\n 6. Summary and task\n6 Teachers and learners: As part of and creators of their context\n Introduction\n 1. Teachers and learners and contexts\n 2. On people creating contexts of and for learning\n 3. What people feel\n 4. Summary and task\n7 Teachers and learners: As ‘products’ of their context\n Introduction\n 1. People as products of contexts: Factors distinguishing individual teachers\n 2. People as products of contexts: Factors distinguishing individual learners\n 3. Good language learner\n 4. Teachers as learners and learners as teachers\n 5. Summary and task\n8 Schools and classrooms: Physical and cultural contexts\n Introduction\n 1. Visible features of the classroom or institutional context\n 2. Some reasons why ‘large’ classes exist\n 3. School/institutional culture\n 4. Cultures of organisations\n 5. School leadership\n 6. Schein’s levels of organisational culture\n 7. Summary and task\n9 Planning and implementing classroom change\n Introduction\n 1. Teacher-initiated classroom changes\n 2. Externally initiated classroom changes\n 3. A parallel learning model\n 4. Summary and task\n10 Conclusions: On understanding language classroom contexts and the process of change\n Introduction\n 1. Summarising the book\n 2. And finally . . .\nIndex