دانلود کتاب Understanding the Dark Side of Human Nature

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Introduction
Professor Biography
Table of Contents
Course Scope
Lecture Guides
Lecture 1— What Do We Mean by the “Dark Side”?
The Nature of the Dark Side
The Invisibility Ring
“The Man in the Well”
The Human Condition
This Course’s Approach
Lecture 2— Our Fundamental Nature: Good or Evil?
Mencius and Xunzi on Human Nature
Mencius’s Thinking
Xunzi’s Thinking
Optimism, Pessimism, Dualism, and Indifferentism
Mencius in Depth
Xunzi in Depth
Gaozi in Depth
Dualism in Depth
Individualism in Depth
Lecture 3— What Is Evil?
The Ontology of Evil
Theories of Evil
The Conceptual Analysis of Evil
Thought Experiments
Evil Action and Harm
Objections to the Russell Case
Conclusion
Lecture 4— Moral Monsters and Evil Personhood
The Evildoer Model
The Dispositional Model
The Affect Model
The Moral Monster Model
Conclusion
Lecture 5— Evil and Responsibility
Psychopathy, Responsibility, and Evil
Psychopathy and Morality
Legal Insanity, Responsibility, and Evil
Psychopathy and Cruelty
Active and Passive Members of a Moral Community
Lecture 6— Sin: Original and Otherwise
Sin in the Christian Tradition
Thomas Aquinas and Augustine
Original Sin
Explaining Original Sin
The Buddhist Conception of Sin
Lecture 7— Dark Thoughts and Desires
Intrusive and Murderous Thoughts
Considering Dark Thoughts
Schadenfreude
The Buddha
Tiantai Thoughts
Lecture 8— Suffering and Its Causes
The Nature of Suffering
Types of Suffering
Craving and Suffering
The Truth of Suffering
Lecture 9— The Problem of Expectation and Desire
The Disciplined Way of Action
The Necessity of Desire
Flow Experiences
A Life of Flow?
Lecture 10— The Fear of Death
Zhuangzi on Death
Epicurus on Death
Lucretius on Death
Postmortem and Prenatal Nonexistence
The Fear of Death
Life after Death
Immortality
Lecture 11— Existential Anxiety and the Courage to Be
Albert Camus and the Myth of Sisyphus
Thomas Nagel on the Absurd
Tillich on the Courage to Be
Lecture 12— The Goodness of Grief
What Grief Is
Seneca on Grief
Seneca’s Arguments
The Absence of Grief
Zhuangzi on Grief
Lecture 13— Homo necans: Why Do We Kill?
Psychopaths, War, and Biology
Paul Bloom versus Adrian Raine
David Buss on Killing
Homo necans
Situationism
Situationism in Practice
Conclusion: The Bodhisattva Example
Lecture 14— Nightmares and the Dream Self
Freud on Dreams
Daniel Wegner on Freud
Suppression and Nightmares
Immoral Dreams
Lecture 15— Varieties of Self-Deception
The Paradoxes of Self-Deception
Modifying the Traditional Model
The Revisionist Models
The Evolution of Self-Deception
Self-Deception as a Moral and Existential Concern
Conclusion
Lecture 16— Varieties of Ignorance
Shankara’s Theory of Maya
Ramanuja on Shankara
Ramanuja and Shankara’s Views
The Roots of Ignorance
Counteracting Injustice
Lecture 17— Weakness of Will
Aristotle on Weakness of Will
Donald Davidson on Weakness of Will
Holton on the Ordinary Sense of Weakness of Will
Conclusion
Lecture 18— Luck and the Limits of Blame
Moral Luck and Control
Other Types of Luck
The Problem with Luck
Moral Luck and Moral Difference
Moral Record and Moral Worth
Luck and Nature
The Victim’s Perspective
Lecture 19— Victim Blaming and the Just-World Hypothesis
The Psychology of Victim Blaming
Retributive Karma and Victim-Blaming
A Medical Analogy
Thich Nhat Hanh on Blame
Conclusion
Lecture 20— Retribution and Revenge
The Retributive Urge
Institutionalized Cultures and Honor Cultures
Vengeance in the Oresteia
Just Revenge
Laura Blumenfeld
Lecture 21— Forgiveness and Redemption
Forgiveness
Moral Obligations
Spiritual Redemption
Moral Redemption
Lecture 22— The Elimination of Anger
The Works of Shantideva and Seneca
What Is Anger?
The Elimination View
The Moderation View
Anger as Motivation
The Humanity-Affirmation Argument
Lecture 23— Being Peaceful in a Troubled World
The Pacifist’s Challenge
Mirroring Tendencies
Reframing Confrontation
Lecture 24— The Allure of the Dark Side
The Story of Leontius
The Paradox of Horror
Hedonic Reversals
Motivations
Real Horror
Conclusion
Supplementary Material
Bibliography
Image Credits