دانلود کتاب Unix and Linux

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Cover......Page 1
Table of Contents......Page 6
Introduction......Page 12
Chapter 1: Getting Started with Unix......Page 16
Accessing a Unix System......Page 18
Connecting to the Unix System......Page 22
Logging In......Page 25
Changing Your Password with passwd......Page 26
Listing Directories and Files with ls......Page 28
Changing Directories with cd......Page 30
Finding Yourself with pwd......Page 32
Piping Input and Output......Page 33
Redirecting Output......Page 34
Using Wildcards......Page 36
Viewing File Contents with more......Page 37
Displaying File Contents with cat......Page 38
Exploring the System......Page 40
Getting Help with man......Page 41
Logging Out......Page 43
Chapter 2: Using Directories and Files......Page 44
Creating Directories with mkdir......Page 45
Creating Files with touch......Page 47
Copying Directories and Files with cp......Page 49
Listing Directories and Files with ls (More Goodies)......Page 51
Moving Files with mv......Page 53
Removing Files with rm......Page 54
Removing Directories with rmdir......Page 57
Finding Forgotten Files with find......Page 59
Locating Lost Files with locate......Page 61
Linking with ln (Hard Links)......Page 62
Linking with ln -s (Soft Links)......Page 64
Chapter 3: Working with Your Shell......Page 66
Discovering Which Shell You’re Using......Page 67
Understanding Shells and Options......Page 68
Changing Your Shell with chsh......Page 70
Changing Your Shell Temporarily......Page 72
Using Completion in the bash Shell......Page 74
Viewing Session History in the bash Shell......Page 75
Using Completion in the zsh Shell......Page 77
Viewing Session History in the zsh Shell......Page 78
Changing Your Identity with su......Page 80
Fixing Terminal Settings with stty......Page 82
Exiting the Shell......Page 83
Chapter 4: Creating and Editing Files......Page 84
Choosing an Editor......Page 85
Starting pico and Dabbling with It......Page 88
Saving in pico......Page 89
Cutting and Pasting Text Blocks in pico......Page 90
Checking Spelling in pico......Page 91
Getting Help in pico......Page 92
Exiting pico......Page 93
Starting vi and Dabbling with It......Page 94
Saving in vi......Page 96
Adding and Deleting Text in vi......Page 97
Importing Files into vi......Page 98
Searching and Replacing in vi......Page 99
Exiting vi......Page 101
Starting emacs and Dabbling with It......Page 102
Using emacs Menus to Spell-Check......Page 104
Saving in emacs......Page 105
Exiting emacs......Page 106
Chapter 5: Controlling Ownership and Permissions......Page 108
Understanding File Ownership and Permissions......Page 109
Finding Out Who Owns What......Page 110
Finding Out Which Group You’re In......Page 112
Changing the Group Association of Files and Directories with chgrp......Page 114
Changing Ownership of Files and Directories with chown......Page 116
Changing Permissions with chmod......Page 118
Translating Mnemonic Permissions to Numeric Permissions......Page 121
Changing Permission Defaults with umask......Page 122
Chapter 6: Manipulating Files......Page 124
Counting Files and Their Contents with wc......Page 125
Viewing File Beginnings with head......Page 126
Viewing File Endings with tail......Page 127
Finding Text with grep......Page 128
Using Regular Expressions with grep......Page 129
Using Other Examples of Regular Expressions......Page 131
Making Global Changes with sed......Page 132
Changing Files with awk......Page 133
Comparing Files with cmp......Page 135
Finding Differences in Files with diff......Page 136
Finding Differences in Files with sdiff......Page 137
Sorting Files with sort......Page 138
Eliminating Duplicates with uniq......Page 140
Redirecting to Multiple Locations with tee......Page 141
Changing with tr......Page 142
Formatting with fmt......Page 144
Splitting Files with split......Page 146
Chapter 7: Getting Information About the System......Page 148
Getting System Information with uname......Page 149
Viewing File Systems with df......Page 150
Determining Disk Usage with du......Page 153
Finding Out File Types with file......Page 154
Finding Out About Users with finger......Page 155
Learning Who Else Is Logged in with who......Page 158
Learning Who Else Is Logged in with w......Page 159
Getting Information About Your Userid with id......Page 161
Chapter 8: Configuring Your Unix Environment......Page 162
Understanding Your Unix Environment......Page 163
Discovering Your Current Environment......Page 165
Adding or Changing Variables......Page 167
Looking at Your zsh Configuration Files......Page 169
Adding to Your zsh Path......Page 173
Changing Your zsh Prompt......Page 175
Looking at Your bash Configuration Files......Page 178
Adding to Your bash Path......Page 181
Changing Your bash Prompt......Page 183
Setting Aliases with alias......Page 185
Chapter 9: Running Scripts and Programs......Page 188
Running a Command......Page 189
Scheduling Onetime Jobs with at......Page 190
Scheduling Regularly Occurring Jobs with cron......Page 193
Suspending Jobs......Page 195
Checking Job Status with jobs......Page 196
Running Jobs in the Background with bg......Page 197
Running Jobs in the Foreground with fg......Page 198
Controlling Job Priority with nice......Page 199
Timing Jobs with time......Page 200
Finding Out What Processes Are Running with ps......Page 202
Deleting Processes with kill......Page 204
Chapter 10: Writing Basic Scripts......Page 206
Creating a Shell Script......Page 207
Running a Shell Script......Page 209
Making a Script Executable......Page 210
Getting a Head Start on Scripts with history......Page 212
Embedding Commands......Page 213
Looping Your Scripts......Page 215
Creating If-Then Statements......Page 217
Accepting Command-Line Arguments in Your Scripts......Page 220
Accepting Input While a Script Is Running......Page 221
Debugging Scripts......Page 223
Chapter 11: Sending and Reading E-mail......Page 224
Choosing an E-mail Program and Getting Started......Page 225
Reading E-mail with pine......Page 227
Sending E-mail with pine......Page 229
Customizing pine......Page 231
Reading E-mail with mutt......Page 233
Sending E-mail with mutt......Page 235
Reading E-mail with mail......Page 237
Sending E-mail with mail......Page 238
Creating a Signature File......Page 240
Automatically Forwarding Incoming Messages......Page 242
Announcing an Absence with vacation......Page 243
Configuring procmail......Page 245
Managing E-mail with procmail......Page 247
Chapter 12: Accessing the Internet......Page 250
Getting Familiar with Unix Internet Lingo......Page 251
Logging in to Remote Systems with ssh......Page 253
Logging in to Remote Systems with telnet......Page 254
Communicating with Others Using write......Page 256
Communicating with Others Using talk......Page 257
Getting Files from the Internet with ftp......Page 258
Sharing Files on the Internet with ftp......Page 262
Surfing the Web with links......Page 264
Surfing the Web with lynx......Page 266
Downloading Web Sites with wget......Page 268
Checking Connections with ping......Page 269
Tracing Connections with traceroute......Page 270
Matching Domain Names with IP Addresses......Page 272
Chapter 13: Working with Encoded and Compressed Files......Page 274
Encoding Files with uuencode......Page 275
Decoding Files with uudecode......Page 278
Archiving with tar......Page 279
Unarchiving Files with tar......Page 281
Compressing Files with compress......Page 282
Uncompressing Files with uncompress......Page 283
Zipping a File or Directory with gzip......Page 284
Unzipping a gzip File with gunzip......Page 285
Zipping Files and Directories with zip......Page 286
Unzipping Zipped Files with unzip......Page 287
Combining Commands......Page 288
Chapter 14: Using Handy Utilities......Page 290
Calendaring with cal......Page 291
Calculating with bc......Page 294
Evaluating Expressions with expr......Page 295
Converting with units......Page 296
Looking It Up with look......Page 297
Keeping a Record of Your Session with script......Page 298
Chapter 15: Being Root......Page 302
Acting Like root with sudo......Page 303
Becoming root with su......Page 305
Starting, Stopping, and Restarting Daemons......Page 307
Changing the System Configuration......Page 309
Monitoring the System......Page 311
Keeping up with watch......Page 314
Checking Boot Messages with dmesg......Page 315
Setting the Date and Time......Page 317
Chapter 16: Sensational Unix Tricks......Page 318
Cleaning Up HTML Documents with tidy......Page 319
Searching and Replacing Throughout Multiple Documents with sed......Page 322
Generating Reports with awk......Page 325
Using Input to Customize Your Environment......Page 326
Using ROT13 Encoding with sed......Page 328
Embedding ROT13 Encoding in a Shell Script......Page 330
Making Backups with rsync......Page 333
Using Advanced Redirection with stderr......Page 335
Appendix A: Unix Reference......Page 338
Appendix B: What’s What and What’s Where......Page 354
Appendix C: Commands and Flags......Page 358
A......Page 392
C......Page 393
E......Page 395
F......Page 397
G......Page 398
I......Page 399
L......Page 400
O......Page 401
P......Page 402
R......Page 403
S......Page 404
T......Page 406
V......Page 407
Z......Page 408