دانلود کتاب Urban Deer Havens

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1 Urban Deer Introduction

Deer Are a Mixed Blessing

Terminology

Bureau of Census Definition of Urban

Ecological Definition of Urban

Definition of Deer

Deer Characteristics that Identify Them as Mammals

Deer Characteristics that Identify Them as Cervids

Deer Characteristics that Identify Them as Different Species or Subspecies

Contemporary Relevance of a Text on Urban Deer

Urbanization = Collision of An Invasive Hyperkeystone Species With a Keystone

Humans (Homo sapiens) are the Invasive Species

Humans as a Hyperkeystone Species

Deer as a Keystone Species

Reviews of published literature

2 Urban Neighborhoods Guarantee Deer Occupation

Factors That Contributed To Deer Abundance in Urban America

Counting Deer

Census Techniques

The Census Process

Direct Count

Application of direct count as a population estimate procedure

Application of Trap/Mark/ Release as a population estimate procedure

Application of distance sampling as a population estimate procedure.

Harvest Recommendations Based on Census Data

Deer Population Estimates: Money Not Well Spent

National and state-wide estimates of deer numbers

3 Overabundant Urban Deer

Deer Management in Urban Areas When Compared to Rural Areas

The Scope of the Problem

Population Dynamics

How Populations Grow

Population Growth Rate Patterns

History of deer abundance

Factors leading to deer overabundance

Biological Carrying Capacity

Problems associated with deer overabundance

Deer-vehicle collisions

Disease transmission

Ecological Impact of Urban Deer Overabundance

Laws and Regulations Concerning Urban Deer

Who’s in charge of managing urban deer?

Who’s in charge of regulating urban deer?

Management options in Texas

Hunting

The Tale of Two Cities

Background

Need for Educational Program Development

4 Urban Deer Management Planning: Process, Progress, and Problems

Steps for Managing Urban Deer Populations

Suburban White-tailed deer Management

Driving factors

State Urban Deer Management Plans

Who are you going to call?

Commitment to Urban Deer Management

Appendix

Examples of Online Citizen’s Survey on Urban Deer Ecology and Management