دانلود کتاب Urban Public Health: A Research Toolkit for Practice and Impact

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Cover Urban Public Health Copyright Contents Contributing Authors Foreword Preface Part I. Introduction to Urban Health 1. What Is Urban Health? Defining the Geographic and Substantive Scope Why Urban Health? The Geography of Urban Health: Urban Areas, Cities, and Neighborhoods The Substance of Urban Health: Key Elements and Approaches 2. Global Urbanization and Health Trends Urbanization Patterns Worldwide Urban Living and Health Urban Health on the Global Agenda 3. Conceptual Models and Frameworks for Understanding the Links Between Urban Environments and Health Conceptualizing the Links Between Places and Health Multisectoral Approaches to Urban Health Urban Health Research Questions and Policy Options 4. Urban Health Inequities What Are Urban Health Inequities? Describing Urban Health Inequities Causes of Urban Health Inequities: The Role of Residential Segregation Approaches to Reducing Urban Health Inequities Urban health Inequities as a Major Challenge for Urban Health Part II. Identifying and Collecting Data for Urban Health Research 5. Assessment of the Urban Environment: Measurement Scales, Modes, and Metrics Why Measure the Urban Environment Where and at What Level to Measure Urban Features What to Measure: Domains and Indicators for Citywide and Neighborhood Level Assessment Secondary Spatial Data on Health Determinants From Governmental, Open, and Commercial sources Primary Data Collection Across Entire Urban Spaces or Across Sampled Locations Closing Thoughts on Measuring Health-​Relevant Aspects of the Urban Environment 6. Human Perceptions and Reflections on the Urban Context Overview of Data on Human Perceptions and Reflections About the Environment Quantitative Data to Capture Perceptions of the Environment Qualitative and Mixed Methods Research to Understand How Residents View and Reflect on Urban Environments Closing Thoughts on Improving Our Understanding of Perception and Reflection in Urban Contexts 7. Characterizing and Mapping Health in Urban Areas Selecting Health Outcomes to Match Urban Health Goals Health Data Sources and Consideration for Their Use in Urban Contexts Mapping and Characterizing Spatial Variation in Health Closing Note on Alignment Across Goals, Data Sources, and Visualization Strategies Part III. Tools for Working With Urban Health Data 8. Managing and Integrating Diverse Sources of Urban Data Variable Creation and Manipulation to Facilitate Linkage File Naming and Metadata to Ease Navigation and Linkage Bringing It All Together: Linking and Sharing Data Sets and Associated Documentation Spotlight on Strategies for Integrating Geographic Data With Clinical Records Concluding Thoughts on Managing Diverse Data Sources for Urban Health Research 9. Analysis Strategies for Relating the Urban Environment to Health Descriptive, Causal Inference, and Evaluation-​Related Analyses Goals Accounting for Multilevel and Spatial Structure Transformation of Urban Environment Variables to Address Nonlinearity or Collinearity Design and Analytic Strategies to Reduce Confounding in Studies of Environmental Influence on Health Closing Thoughts on Analysis Options 10. What Do We Know About What Works? Synthesizing the Evidence What Can Be Synthesized Goals for Evidence Synthesis Types of Review: Formality, Format, and Breadth of Included Evidence Steps and Considerations for Conducting Systematic Reviews Relevant to Urban Health Global and National Evidence Repositories Relevant to Urban Health Concluding Note on Evidence Synthesis for Urban Health 11. Systems Approaches to Urban Health Key Features of Systems Using Systems Approaches to Engage Stakeholders: Participatory Group Model Building Simulating Urban Systems: Agent-​Based Models and System Dynamics Models Challenges and Opportunities for Systems Approaches to Urban Health Caveats and Conclusion Part IV. From Evidence into Action 12. Partnerships and Collaboration: An Urban Focus Background Urban Public Health Actors Multisector Collaboration Conclusion 13. Community Engagement and Participatory Approaches for Urban Health Introduction Community Partnership Challenges Community Partnership Solutions The Importance of Coalition-​Building for Cross-​Sector, Place-​Based, Collective Action Approaches to Improving Urban Health Conclusion: An Integrated View of Community Health Action in Urban Contexts 14. Policy in Urban Health: The Power of Cities to Translate Science into Action Policy Defined Policy and Public Health Policy and Cities: Tools to Impact Health Challenges to Policymaking Measuring and Evaluating Policy: How Do We Know If It Works? Conclusion 15. Dissemination of Urban Health Research to Maximize Impact Background Planning and Designing for Dissemination Dissemination to Policy Audiences and Decision Makers Dissemination to Community Actors Types of Dissemination Products for Policy Audiences Digital Dissemination and Social Media Monitoring and Tracking the Reach of Dissemination Conclusion Concluding Remarks Acknowledgments About the Authors Index