دانلود کتاب Urbanism of Roman Siscia: Interpretation of Historical and Modern Maps, Drawings and Plans

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Cover
Title Page
Copyright page
Dedication
Contents Page
Contents
List of Figures
Foreword
1.
Introduction
2.
Location and urban topography of Siscia according to literary sources
3.
3.1. Excavations in the 19th and the first half of the 20th century
3.
Figure 1. Mapped areas of the archaeological and geophysical researches from the 1950s to 2003 (after Bedenko et al. 2003; drawn by Renato Cottiero)
History of the archaeological research
3.2. Archaeological research in the period 1945–1979
3.3. Archaeological research in the period 1980–2020
3.4. Similar works (syntheses)
4.
4.
Figure 2. Tabula Peutingeriana with the first known pictorial representation of Siscia from the 4th century (http://www.tabula-peutingeriana.de; http://www.onb.ac.at)
Figure 3. Hereford Mappa Mundi (13th cent.), a detail showing Siscia (http://www.herefordcathedral.org/; www.unesco.org/.../hereford-mappa-mundi)
Figure 4. Siscia and its surrounding: the network of roads and water courses (the rivers Sava, Odra, and Lonja with their tributaries) (Marsigli n.d.)
Figure 5. Marsigli’s plan of Siscia from 1726 (Marsigli 1726)
Figure 6. Marsigli’s plan of Siscia from the beginning of the 18th cent. (Marsigli, n.d.: 1044,n.101,fasc. A)
Figure 7. North gate of Siscia (Marsigli n.d.)
Figure 8. Remains of the eastern town wall (Marsigli n.d.)
Figure 10. Cross section of the western stretch of the town walls and the bank of the Kupa (Marsigli n.d.)
Figure 9. Cross section of the eastern stretch of the town walls (Marsigli n.d.)
Figure 11. Cross section of a channel, probably part of the sewage system (Marsigli n.d.)
Figure 12. View of the remains of the bridge and a channel outflow on the left bank of the Kupa (Marsigli n.d.)
Figure 13. Remains of buildings of Roman Siscia (Marsigli n.d.)
Figure 14. Field drawing of the remains of buildings of Siscia in Sisak at the beginning of the 18th century (Marsigli, n.d.)
Figure 15. Canal dug between the rivers Kupa and Sava (Marsigli n.d.)
Figure 16. Detail of a drawing in pencil, showing the pavement of the developed bank of the Kupa (Marsigli n.d.)
Figure 17. Cross section of the channel emptying into the Kupa on its left bank (Marsigli n.d.)
Figure 18. Field drawing with elevations: the location of the remains of a bridge between the northern and southern gates? (Marsigli n.d.)
Figure 19. Detail of the Hydrographic map of Sisak from 1783 (Cartographic Collection of the War Archive in Vienna, after Slukan Altić 2004)
Figure 20. Map of Sisak by M. Stariczky from 1783 (The National Library, Budapest, after Vuković 2010)
Figure 21. Detail of the 1813 map from the period of French rule (Cartographic Collection of the Chapter Archive in Zagreb).
Figures 22 and 23. Cadastral plan of Stari Sisak (Old Sisak) predating the urbanist regulation, and the plan by I. Fistrović superposed on the cadastral plots of Ludovik Zelenika from 1842 (Cartographic Collection of the Chapter Archive in Zagreb)
Figure 24. Map by I. Fistrović “Regulation basis” from 1829 (the Collection of the State Archive in Sisak)
Figure 25. Hydrographic map from 1853 (the Collection of the State Archive in Sisak)
Figure 26. Cadastral map of Sisak from 1861 (the State Geodetic Administration, the State Cadastral Office in Sisak)
Figure 27. Map of Sisak from 1901 (Cartographic Collection of the Sate Archive)
Cartographic sources
4.1. Classical and medieval cartography featuring symbolical depictions of Siscia
4.2. Cartography of Luigi Ferdinando Marsigli
4.2.1. The layout of Sisak in its wider surroundings
4.2.2. Siscia – its layout, shape, and gateways
4.2.3. The street grid and infrastructure
4.2.4. The bridge and outflows of channels
4.2.5. Buildings, remains of buildings, ruins
4.2.6. Tiberius’ ditch
4.2.7. The relation between the Kupa River and Siscia
4.3. Cartography in the 18th to 20th centuries
5.
Figure 28. Block 1: Bana Jelačiać Sq. – V. Nazora Promenade – S. S. Kranjčevića St.
Figure 29. E–W cross-section of the town wall in Bana J. J. Jelačića Sq. (excavations in 1997; made by: T. Lolić)
Figure 30. E–W cross-section of the town wall at the bank of the Kupa (after Marsigli n.d., fig. III, detail)
Figure 31. View of the town walls with the foundation extension in Bana J. Jelačića Sq. (photo: T. Lolić)
Figure 32. Stone reinforcement of a crack in the town wall in Bana J. Jelačića Sq. (photo: M. Arbutina)
Figure 33. Detail of the brick and stone town wall with the corner tower in Bana J. Jelačića Sq. (photo: M. Arbutina)
Figure 34. View of the town walls with the tower and the horreum after the conservation and presentation (photo: M. Arbutina)
A – D: Tower 1 (the internal tower on Franje Lovrića St; after Burmaz 2007); Tower 2 (the external tower on A. Starčevića St; after Vuković 1994); Tower 3 (the internal tower in Bana J. Jelačića Sq.; after Lolić 2003); Tower 4 (the western entrance towe
Figure 35. Layout of the tower in the system of the town walls (drawn by T. Lolić on the basis of the data by authorized surveyor I. Hapčić)
Figure 36. Walls of the west entrance tower: a view from the north (photo: M. Arbutina)
Figure 37. Dimensions of the west entrance tower (drawing: T. Lolić)
Figure 38. View of the extension of the western wall of the entrance tower (photo: M. Arbutina)
Figure 39. Results of the geophysical and archaeological research in Bana J. Jelačića Sq., showing the interrupted line of the town walls (Lolić 2003, after Mušič 2000)
Figure 40. Marsigli’s drawing of Severilla’s sarcophagus (Marsigli n.d.: 1044, n.101. fasc. A)
Figure 41. Plan and cross-section of two tile child graves found within the town walls in the vicinity of the tower (surveyed by: I. Petrinec, drawn by: T. Lolić)
Figure 42. Results of archaeological and geophysical research (Miloglav and Mušić 2013)
Figure 43. Detail of the 1873 hydrographic map of Sisak (the War Archive in Vienna)
Figures 44, 45, and 46. Examples of 18th-century maps showing the ditch or water zone around Sisak (Marsigli n.d.; Hidrografska karta 1783; Hydrographic map 1793).
Figure 47. Schematic drawing of the excavated part of the Roman building and street in Bana J. Jelačića Sq. (made by: T. Lolić)
Figure 48. Building from the 1st to 2nd centuries (A), overlaid by the horreum complex (B), and connected with a street whose kerb (C) and remains of the pedestrian area (D) are visible in the photograph (photo: M. Arbutina)
Figure 49. Pedestal of the horreum building with a reused cippus in Bana J. Jelačić Sq. (photo: M. Arbutina)
Figure 50. Schematic drawing of the 4th-century building (presumed grain warehouse or horreum) in Bana J. Jelačića Sq. (made by: T. Lolić)
Figure 51. Cross-section A–A of the horreum (11b, 24, 25) and its relationship with the 1st- to 2nd-centuries structure (40). Layer 1: the modern cemetery; layer 48: Roman building material (tegulae, bricks) mixed with modern-cemetery remains; layer 33: a
Figure 52. View of the horreum from the west (photo: M. Arbutina)
Figure 53. View of the SE buttressed external wall of the horreum (photo: M. Arbutina)
Figure 54. View of the pedestals in the horreum (photo: M. Arbutina)
Figures 55 and 55A. View of the stone block, possibly part of an architectural entrance into the horreum (photo: M. Arbutina)
Figure 56. Three phases of the rearrangement of the horreum (made by: T. Lolić)
Figure 57. Collapsed roof structure of the portico in the south cross-section of the dig (photo: M. Arbutina)
Figure 60. Pedestals revealing two construction phases (Phase 1 and Phase 2) and the stratigraphic relationship between the horreum and the 1st- to 2nd-century building (photo: M. Arbutina)
Figures 58 and 59. Square column from Phase 1 with shallow-founded side columns annexed in Phase 2; two excavation phases of the same support column (photo: M. Arbutina)
Plate 1. Plan of Block 1 (made by: T. Lolić)
Figure 61. Block 2: S. S. Kranjčevića St–A. i S. Radića St–I. K. Sakcinskog St–Rimsla St–Šetnica
Figure 62. Plan of the assumed line of the west and south town walls based on archeologically investigated section A, B, and C (T. Lolić)
Figure 63. East edge of the west town walls of Siscia excavated by City Museum Sisak (after Tomaš Barišić 2012)
Figure 64. Šetnica, a suggested reconstruction of the building next to the west town wall based on the elevations, building material and the presumed plan (after Tomaš Barišić 2012)
Figure 65. Šetnica, a 2nd to 3rd-century building (after Tomaš Barišić 2012 and Vuković 1994)
Figure 66. No. 5 Rimska St: a – a 1st to 2nd-century complex (?); b – a 2nd to 3rd-century building (?); c – 1st-century architecture (?); d – the findspot of the inscription to Trajan (after Schloissnigg)
Figure 69. Interpretation 1 (T. Lolić)
Figure 70. Interpretation 2 (T. Lolić)
Figures 67 and 68. Plans of the site Rimska pivnica (Roman beer hall) from 1868: Spomenica … and the AMZ (The first drawing is taken from Vuković 1994, and the second from Vukelić 2011)
Figure 71. Buildings on S. S. Kranjčevića St, aligned with the sewage channel, i.e., the presumed street (made by: T. Lolić, after Faber 1974 and Vuković 1994)
Figure 73. Cross-section of the channel at the site of the Danube Lloyd building (photo: City Museum Sisak)
Figure. 72. Cross-section of the channel on S. S. Kranjčevića St (photo: City Museum Sisak)
Figure 74. Wooden construction, excavation 1954 on S. S. Krančevića St (after A. Faber)
Figure 75. Sketches of the wooden piles position on the Bishop Quirinus St. (S. Vrbanović)
Plate 2. Plan of Block 2 (made by: T. Lolić)
Figure 76. Block 3: A. i S. Radića St– S. S. Kranjčevića St–I. Kukljevića Sakcinskg St–A. Starčevića St
Figure 77. Composite schematic drawing of the Roman residential complex at nos. 6–12 A. i S. Radića St. Results of the excavations in 1858, 1960/62, 1990 and 2002 (T. Lolić after a geodetic survey of the Municipal Office for Cadastre and Geodetic Activiti
Figure 78. Plan of the residential complex at no. 10 A. i S. Radića St (made by: T. Lolić)
Figure 79. View of the site on A. i S. Radića St (photo: I. Šarić)
Figure 80. Plan of room j with views on its south and east external walls (made by: T. Petrinec)
Figure 81. Composite schematic plan of the Roman residential block with the paving, the kerb of the Roman street and a pedestal of the east street colonnade (A and C: made by T. Lolić; B and D: after Vuković 1994)
Figures 82 and 83. Ceramic relief with the motif of the imperial eagle (on the permanent display in City Museum Sisak)
Figure 84. Position of the 4th-century building in the urban block at no. 4 A. i S. Radića St (made by: T. Lolić after Faber 1974 and Vuković 1994)
Figure 85. View of the site (photo: M. Arbutina)
Figure 86. Schematic plan of the trench at no. 2 A. i S. Radića St (made by: I. Baćani and T. Tomaš)
Figure 89. Drawing of the Roman street found in 1958 at the intersection of the streets I. Kukuljevića Sakcinskog and A. i S. Radića (made by: I. Prpić and S. Vugić)
Figure 90. Detail of the find at the intersection of the streets I. Kukuljevića Sakcinskog and A. i S. Radića (made by: I. Prpić and S. Vugić)
Figures 87 and 88. View of a pedestal of the street colonnade at no. 19 I. Kukuljevića Sakcinskog St
Figure 91. Southern part of the street grid of Siscia (after L. F. Marsigli n. d.)
Figure 92. Results of the excavation of south blocks (made by: T. Lolić)
Plate 3. Plan of Block 3 (made by: T. Lolić)
Figure 93. Block 4: A. i S. Radića St–A. Starčevića St–I. Kukuljevića Sakcinskog St–F. Lovrića St
Figure 94. Stretch of the southeast fortifications and walls in the ditch zone at site C.12.B on F. Lovrića St (photo: I. Šarić)
Figure 95. Roman channel in the ditch zone (photo: K. Kiš, City Museum Sisak)
Figure 96. View of the town walls from the east (photo: K. Kiš, City Museum Sisak)
Figure 97. View of the fragment of a Roman column and brick walls (photo: K. Kiš, City Museum Sisak)
Figure 98. View of the architecture within the city walls (photo: I. Šarić)
Figure 99. Schematic plan of a segment of the southeast fortifications with the system of walls and piles on the former’s interior and exterior (made by: T. Lolić, after T. Petrinec and M. Alilović)
Figure 100. Developmental stages (phases 1–3) of the complex (made by: T. Lolić)
Figure 101. Suggested reconstruction of Phase 1 (made by: T. Lolić)
Figure 102. Suggested reconstruction of Phase 3 of site C.12.B (made by: T. Lolić)
Figure 103. Detail of the Hydrographic map of Sisak (1873) with the remains of the city walls and ditch of Siscia, labelled Alter Sta(a)d Graben (Cartographic Collection of the War Archive in Vienna)
Figure 104. Schematic plan of the southeast section of the city walls and the exterior tower on A. Starčevića St (made by: T. Lolić, after D. Vuković and I. Hapčić, authorized surveyor)
Figure 105. View of the southeast city wall and the interior tower with a block (buttress) at the intersection of F. Lovrića St and I. Kukuljevića Sakcinskog St (photo: M. Arbutina, City Museum Sisak Photo Archive)
Figure 106. Schematic drawing of the northeast city wall at the intersection of F. Lovrića St and I. Kukuljevića Sakcinskog St (made by: T. Lolić, after Burmaz 2007)
Figure 107. Kerbs of the Roman street on I. Kukuljevića Sakcinskog St (photo: S. Vrbanović, City Museum Sisak Photo Archive)
Figure 108. Layout of the southwest–northeast aligned Roman street on I. Kukuljevića Sakcinskog St (made by: S. Vugić and I. Prpić)
Figures 109 and 110. Deflection of the city wall displayed and marked out on maps from 1873 (see figures 19 and 20 in Chapter 4)
Plate 4. Plan of Block 4 (made by: T. Lolić)
Figure 111. Block 5: I. Kukuljevića Sakcinskog St–A. i S. Radića St– Matije Gupca St–Ljudevita Posavskog Sq. (made by: T. Lolić)
Figure 112. Marked zone of the findspots of stone slabs from the 1900 and 1954 excavations; the position of large slabs marked as a and b representing the possible forum site according to A. Faber (made by: T. Lolić, after Brunšmid 1901 and Faber 1974)
Figures 113–116. Excavations in 1866 on the site of the Mali Kaptol (after A. Faber, GMS Archive)
Figure 117. Stretches of the cardo maximus on the site of no. 16 Rimska St (after Baćani, Gospodinović, Škrgulja, and Tomaš Barišić 2012)
Figure 118. Schematic plan of the layout of the cardo maximus in the street grid of Siscia (made by: T. Lolić)
Figure 119. Schematic plan of the layout of the two most dominant east–west streets; the possible decumanus maximus in relation to the layout of the cardo maximus (made by: T. Lolić)
Figure 120. Map of Siscia (after Marsigli 1726)
Figure 121. Map of Siscia with the layout of the main cardo maximus and decumanus maximus in relation to the eastern and western gates and the bridge (after Marsigli n.d.)
Figure 122. Depiction of the remains of the bridge and the presumed west city gate (after Marsigli n.d.)
Figure 123. Hydrographic map of Sisak (1873) with the possible layout of the cardo maximus and decumanus maximus (after Slukan Altić 2004)
Figure 124. Map of M. Stariczky (1873) showing the city gate and the possible layout of the decumanus maximus (after Vuković 2010)
Figure 125. Roman building recovered in 1958 at the intersection of Rimska St and I. Kukuljevića Sakcinskog St (made by: T. Lolić, after S. Vrbanović and D. Božić)
Figure 126. Sections of the cardo maximus and buildings along its east and west sides at no. 16 Rimska St (City Museum Sisak, 2009)
Plate 5. Plan of Block 5 (made by: T. Lolić)
Figure 127. Block 6: A. i S. Radića St–I. Kukuljevića Sakcinskog St–A. Starčevića St–Ljudevita Posavskog Sq.–Matije Gupca St (made by: T. Lolić)
Figure 128. Schematic plan of a part of the domus at no. 33 A. i S. Radića St (made by: T. Lolić)
Figure 129. Plan of a detail of part of the domus (made by: T. Lolić and I. Marochini)
Figure 130. View of a part of the domus from the south (photo: M. Arbutina)
Figure 131. Position of the complex in relation to the street grid of Siscia (made by: T. Lolić)
Figure 132. Schematic plan: buildings and the north–south Roman street on I. Kukuljevića Sakcinskog St and rooms possibly belonging to a shop (made by: T. Lolić, after T. Tomaš and the authorized surveyor I. Hapčić)
Figure 133. View of the site on I. Kukuljevića Sakcinskog St (photo: City Museum Sisak)
Figure 134. Timber architecture from the Claudian period at no. 37 A. Starčevića St (made by: T. Lolić).
Figure 135. View of the south perimeter of the timber residential building (documentation of the Conservation Department in Zagreb)
Figure 136. View of the glass furnace with fill at no. 37 A. Starčevića St (photo: D. Kovačević)
Figure 137. Detail of the glass furnace and the well at no. 37 A. Starčevića St (made by: T. Lolić and I. Vidošević)
Figure 138. Schematic plan of the building with the marked position of the glass furnace in Ljudevita Posavskog Sq. (made by: T. Lolić, after Kuzvjercev).
Plate 6. Plan of Block 6 (made by: T. Lolić)
Figure 139. Block 7: A Starčevića St–I. Kukuljevića Sakcinskog St–M. Gupca St–F. Lovrića St
Figure 140. Atrium house at the corner of I. Kukuljevića Sakcinskog and A. Starčevića Sreets (photo: K. Kiš)
Figure 141. Schematic plan of the atrium house at the corner of Kukuljevića Sakcinskog and A. Starčevića Sreets (made by: T. Lolić, after D. Vuković 1987 and S. Vugić)
Figure 142. View of the Roman residential quarter on the site OŠ 22. lipanj (photo: M. Arbutina)
Figure 143. Schematic plan of the site OŠ 22. lipanj (after I. Baćani 2006)
Figure 144. Aerial view of the site at no. 40 A. Starčevića St (photo: B. Suntešić)
Figure 145. Schematic plan of the site at no. 40 A. Starčevića St (after I. Baćani 2006)
Figure 146. Schematic plan of the portico, a wall, and the channel system of a 1st-century Roman house (made by: T. Lolić)
Figure 147. Schematic plan of a retaining construction at the junction of I. Kukuljevića Sakcinskog and F. Lovrića Streets (made by: T. Lolić, after GMS Archive – Az. Ak. Br. 157)
Plate 7. Plan of Block 7 (made by: T. Lolić)
Figure 148. Block 8: Rimska St–Matije Gupca St–Ljudevita Posavskog Sq.–A. i S. Radića St – Frankopanska St
Figure 149. Baths, caldarium, excavation in 1954 (photo: A. Faber)
Figure 150. Baths, schematic plan of the 1954 excavation (after A. Faber)
Figure 151. Part of the big city baths from the 1989 watching-brief: the apsidal walls and a detail of the pavement with the channel (drawn by: S. Vugić; GMS Archive)
Figure 154. Drawing of the apsidal room, 1959 (drawn by: S. Vugić; GMS Archive)
Figures 152 and 153. Details of the perimetral walls of the bath complex from the 1959 watching-brief: the sewage and a kerb (drawn by: S. Vugić; GMS Archive)
Figure 155. Schematic plan of the suspensurae and a fragment of the apsidal wall recovered in 2002 (made by: T. Lolić)
Figure 156. Baths, view of the suspensurae in 2002 (photo: M. Arbutina)
Figure 157. Baths, view of the apsidal wall in 2002 (photo: M. Arbutina)
Figure 158. Part of the big city baths, excavations in 2008 (made by: T. Lolić, after R. Škrgulja and N. Drašković)
Figure 159. View of the big baths site, excavations in 2008 by City Museum Sisak (photo: M. Arbutina)
Figure 160. View of the big baths site with a detail of the pool in 2008 (photo: M. Arbutina)
Figure 161. History and results of the excavations on the big baths site: 1–1954 (Zagreb Archaeological Museum); 2 and 3–1959 (the Sisak Museum); 4–2002 (the Conservation department in Zagreb); 5–2008 (City Museum Sisak)
Figure 162. Big baths, Interpretation 1 based on the composite plan of the 1954, 1959, 2002, and 2008 excavations (made by: T. Lolić)
Figure 163. Big baths, Interpretation 2 based on the composite plan of the 1954, 1959, 2002, and 2008 excavations (made by: T. Lolić)
Figure 164. Big baths, Interpretation 3 based on the composite plan of the 1954, 1959, 2002, and 2008 excavations (made by: T. Lolić)
Figure 165. Schematic plan of the annexes to the monumental city centre on Frankopanska St (made by: T. Lolić, after L. Buturac and L. Polinčić)
Figure 166. Schematic plan of parts of the buildings in Ljudevita Posavskog Sq. (made by: T. Lolić, after L. Buturac, S. Vugić, Z. Radulović, G. Skelac, and H. Nodilo)
Figure 167. Original drawing of the apsidal wall in Ljudevita Posavskog Sq., denoted in the legend as ZIDOVI BAZILIKE (basilica walls) (made by: L. Buturac and S. Vugić)
Figure 168. Ironworks building site with wooden piles (GMS Archive)
Figure 169. Intersection of the cardo maximus and decumanus maximus with the monumental building, stone pavement and the system of wooden piles (made by: T. Lolić, after Z. Antolčić)
Figure 170. Cross section of the decumanus maximus with the inbuilt water conduit on the ironworks building site (drawn by: Z. Antolčić)
Figure 171 and 172. Original drawings of details of the wooden piles system underlying the brick walls on the site of ironworks building (made by: Z. Antolčić)
Plate 8. Plan of Block 8 (made by: T. Lolić)
Figure 173. Block 9: A. i S. Radića St–Ljudevita Posavskog Sq.–A. Starčevića St –Matije Gupca St–Frankopanska St (made by: T. Lolić)
Figure 174. Spomenica župe Uzvišenja sv. Križa (hereafter the Almanac), the drawing and text concerning the find from 1854 (the Archives of the Sisak Cathedral)
Figure 175. Schematic drawing of the basilica (made by: T. Lolić, after the Almanac)
Figure 176. Variant (1) of an ideal model of the basilica (after Lolić and Burmaz 2020: 331)
Figure 177. Variant (2) of an ideal model of the basilica (after Lolić and Burmaz 2020: 332)
Figure 178. Town block, 1st to 4th centuries, no. 48 A. i S. Radića St (photo: K. Kiš, City Museum Sisak)
Figure 179. Schematic ground plan of the town block at nos 48–50 A. i S. Radića St (made by: T. Lolić, after the Municipal Institute for the Cadastral and Geodesic Affairs in Sisak)
Figure 180. Original drawing of the town walls at the junction of Frankopanska and A. i S. Radića Streets (made by: I. Prpić, 1957)
Figure 181. Schematic ground plan of the town walls at the junction of Frankopanska and A. i S. Radića Streets (made by: T. Lolić, after I. Prpić)
Plate 9. Plan of Block 9 (made by. T. Lolić)
Figure 182. Block 10: A. Starčevića St–Frankopanska St– Matije Gupca St–F. Lovrića St (made by: T. Lolić)
Figure 183. Schematic plan of the round building and sections of the paved rooms on Frankopanska St (made by: T. Lolić, after I. Prpić)
Plate 10. Plan of Block 10 (made by: T. Lolić)
Figure 184. Block 11: Frankopanska St–Rimska St– N. Šipuša St–Biskupa Kvirina St
Figure 185. Segment of the northwest city wall of Siscia recovered in 1975 at the site of the harbour and warehouse management building (City Museum Sisak; photo: S. Vrbanović)
Figure 186. Schematic plan of the northwest city wall recovered in 1975 (a) and the west gate with a part of the street found in 1996 (b) (made by: T. Lolić, after S. Vrbanović and V. Šerbec)
Figure 187. View of the eastern city wall (after Marsigli n.d.)
Figure 188. Plan of the east city wall (after Marsigli n.d)
Figure 189. Schematic plan of the site Povijesni arhiv (the Historical Archive) on Frankopanska St, the phase of masonry architecture from the 2nd–4th centuries (after Burmaz)
Figure 190. Section of the east cemetery of Siscia on the site of Povijesni arhiv on Frankopanska St (after Burmaz )
Figure 191. Part of the architecture (2nd–4th centuries) at the site of Povijesni arhiv on Frankopanska St (photo: J. Burmaz)
Figure 192. Site at the location of the Danube Lloyd building on Rimska St (City Museum Sisak; photo: V. Koprivnjak)
Figure 193. Schematic plan of the site at the location of the Danube Lloyd building showing phases of expansion, repairing and rearrangement of the architecture (after R. Škrgulja; City Museum Sisak)
Figure 194. Schematic plan of stretches of the cardo maximus and forum’s pavement (after Kaukal and Arheoplan)
Figure 195. Schematic plan of the part of the forum’s pavement (after Kaukal and Arheoplan)
Figure 196. View of the paved area on the site of the railway station (photo: M. Ristović)
Figure 197. View of the timber structure, beams, and piles on the site of railway station (photo: M. Ristović)
Figure 198. Schematic plan of the relationship between the forum and the earlier architectural complex (after Kaukal and Arheo plan)
Plate 11. Plan of Block 11 (made by: T. Lolić)
Figure 199. Block 12: Kralja Zvonimira St–N. Šipuša St–F. Hefelea St–Biskupa Kvirina St–the Segestica factory area (made by: T. Lolić)
Figure 200. Results of the archaeological and geophysical research: the north section of Siscia with the line of the defences, entrance into the city, sections of Roman urban blocks, and the representative Roman architecture (made by: T. Lolić, after Mars
Figure 201. North entrance to Siscia with a stretch of the city walls (A) (photo: M. Arbutina)
Figure 202. Remains of the city walls built in a mixed technique of stone and brick masonry (photo: M. Arbutina)
Figure 203. Level of preservation on the site of Sv. Kvirin (St Quirinus), damages caused by laying out of the modern cemetery and a reuse of bricks (photo: M. Arbutina)
Figure 204. Results of the archaeological and geophysical research in the Archaeological Park Sv. Kvirin in 2003 and 2004 (made by: T. Lolić after Mušič and the results of the 2003-2005 researches)
Figure 205. Schematic plan of the earliest phase of architecture on the site of the north entrance to Siscia (made by: I. Miloglav)
Figure 206. Arial view of the trapezoid architectural complex with side rooms (photo: I. Miloglav, 2012)
Figure 207. View from the south on the north wall of the trapezoid room (made by: I. Miloglav)
Figure 210. View of the trapezoid building construction with postholes for timber uprights (photo: I. Miloglav)
Figures 208 and 209. View on the north wall of the trapezoid room with sockets in the masonry and imprints of wooden vertical supports on the mortar (photo: I. Miloglav)
Figure 211. Schematic plan of the north entrance to Siscia and a part of the 2nd-century portico (made by: T. Lolić, after Tomaš2008)
Figure 212. North entrance to Siscia, a section of the portico (photo: T. Tomaš)
Figure 213. Cross-section of a sample of the dark-red painted mortar taken from the 3rd- to 4th-century walls flanking the entrance (photo: J. Weber)
Figure 214. View of the last phase of the north gate to Siscia in the area of the Archaeological Park Sv. Kvirin, with the foundations of the entrance and the parallel walls flanking it. Visible are remains of the late baroque chapel of St. Quirinus sitti
Figure 215. View of all building phases of the entrance from the earliest construction in the ditch to the 19th-century chapel of St. Quirinus, built directly above the northern gate to Siscia (photo: I. Miloglav)
Figures 216 and 217. Phase 3 and Phase 4 (made by: T. Lolić)
Figure 222. L. F. Marsigli’s plan of Siscia from 1726 (after Marsigli 1726)
Figures 218–221. Worked stone blocks with bonding and leverage cuttings, probably stemming from the upper segments of the entrance entablature (photo: the Museum of Sisak)
Figure 223. Room in the vicinity of the north city wall (photo: S. Vrbanović)
Figure 224. Schematic plan of the north square of Siscia with the cardo maximus, remains of channels and the 1st-century timber architecture (made by: T. Lolić)
Figure 225. West room (a temple?) in the Archaeological Park Sv. Kvirin, excavations in 2003 (photo: M. Arbutina)
Figure 226. View of the north temple wall (photo: M. Arbutina)
Figure 227. Masonry foundations of the temple sitting on timber piles (photo: M. Arbutina)
Figure 228. Pedestals of the square or atrium colonnade (photo: M. Arbutina)
Figure 229. Eastern view of the masonry complex of the square with the 2nd-century temple and timber structures, the Archaeological Park Sv. Kvirin (photo: M. Arbutina)
Figure 230. Eastern view of the complex of the square with the temple and the older timber building, the Archaeological Park Sv. Kvirin (photo: M. Arbutina)
Figures 231–236. Early second-century decorative sculpture of the architectural complex: fragments of an Ionic volute, marble and granite revetments, a moulded architrave and a cornice (photos: Miroslav Arbutina)
Figure 237. Archaeological Park Sv. Kvirin, results of the archaeological and geophysical research (made by: T. Lolić, after Mušič 2003)
Figure 238. Archaeological Park Sv. Kvirin, results of the archaeological and geophysical research (made by: T. Lolić, after Mušič 2003)
Figure 239. Geophysical and surveys in the area of the Archaeological Park Sv. Kvirin (made by: T. Lolić, after Miloglav and Mušić and other researches from 2003- 2013)
Figure 240. Moulded column bases from the Zečić House on Biskupa Kvirina St (made by: A. Buturac)
Figure 241. Timber structure recovered under the representative 2nd–4th-century architectural complex (made by: T. Lolić)
Figure 242. View of the 1st-century timber structure (photo: M. Arbutina)
Figure 243. Detail of the the1st-century timber structure (photo: M. Arbutina)
Figure 244. Archaeological Park Sv. Kvirin, results of the archaeological and geophysical research (after Miloglav and Mušič 2013)
Figure 245. Detail of the cardo maximus with kerbstones and a column pedestal on Biskupa Kvirina St (photo: M. Arbutina)
Figure 246. Detail of timber piles applied to the “temple” wall in order to improve the ground substrate (made by: T. Lolić)
Figure 247. Surface made of wooden planks (made by: M. Špoljarić, City Museum Sisak)
Plate 12. Plan of Block 12 (made by: T. Lolić)
Figure 248. Block 13: the Kupa River in Sisak (made by: T. Lolić)
Figure 249. Drawing of the lead pipe and a detail of its construction (after Hlavinka 1902)
Figure 250. Layout of the aqueduct pipes (a–b) recovered in the 1901 dredging of the Kupa (after Hlavinka 1902)
Figure 251. Roman aqueduct in the village of Čuntić (photo: I. Šarić, 1982)
Figure 252. View of the Kovnica site (photo: M. Šmalcelj, 1985)
Figure 253. Kovnica site during the low water level in 2013 (photo: T. Lolić)
Figure 254. Position of the site of Kovnica in the Kupa riverbed (made by: T. Lolić, after a geodetic survey, City Museum Sisak)
Figure 255. Block 14: Pogorelec (the right bank of the Kupa)– the Old Bridge– J. J. Strossmayera St–the New Bridge (made by: T. Lolić)
Figure 256. Periodisation of the finds at the site of the grain warehouse (RB-8) (made by: T. Lolić, after T. Tomaš)
Figure 257. View of the find on the left bank of the Kupa (photo: T. Tomaš)
Figure 258. Wider layout: A (building from the 2nd–4th centuries), B – a street, C – the aqueduct in the Kupa riverbed (made by: T. Lolić)
Figure 259. Block 15: Sisak Novi, J. J. Strossmayera St–A. Cesarca St–I. Gundulića St (made by: T. Lolić)
Figure 260. Foundations of the aqueduct’s piers (photo: M. Popović, City Museum Sisak)
Figure 261. Block 16: Pogorelec, the west part (made by: T. Lolić)
Figure 262. Remains of the bridge piers upstream of the Odra and Kupa Rivers’ confluence (photo: S. Vrbanović)
Figure 263. Position of the bridge piers according to a geodetic drawing (City Museum Sisak)
Archaeological interpretation
5.1. Block 1: Bana Jelačića Sq.–V. Nazora Promenade–S. S. Kranjčevića St
5.1.1. City walls
5.1.2. South city gate
5.1.3. South (southeast) cemetery
5.1.4. Ditch
5.1.5. Area of the city outside the south ditch
5.1.6. Building (1st to 2nd centuries)
5.1.7. Horreum or a warehouse
5.2. Block 2: S. S. Kranjčevića St–A. i S. Radića St–I. Kukuljevića Sakcinskog St– Rimska St–Šetnica
5.2.1. West city wall
5.2.2. Building (2nd to 3rd centuries) on the site of Rimska St–Šetnica
5.2.3. House of the Titii (1st–4th c.) at no. 5 Rimska St
5.2.4. Building flanking a Roman street on S. S Kranjčevića St
5.2.5. Wooden piles
5.2.6. Orientation of the block, distribution of the buildings, two building phases
5.3. Block 3: A. i S. Radića St–S. S. Kranjčevića St – I. Kukuljevića Sakcinskog St–A. Starčevića St (Figure 76)
5.3.1. Roman residential complex (1st to 2nd centuries) at nos 6–12 A. i S. Radića St
5.3.2. Fourth-century building on A. i S. Radića St
5.3.3. Parts of the 1st- to 4th-century Roman architecture on A. i S. Radića St.
5.3.4. Street grid on I. Kukuljevića Sakcinskog St (cadastral plot 1200/1, cadastral unit of Stari Sisak)
5.3.5. The arrangement of the Roman blocks
5.4. Block 4: A. i S. Radića St–A. Starčevića St–I. Kukuljevića Sakcinskog St–F. Lovrića St
5.4.1. Southeast city wall on F. Lovrića and A. Starčevića Streets
5.4.2. Street grid
5.5.1. Forum
5.5.2. Cardo maximus
5.5.3. Decumanus maximus
5.5.4. Entrances to Siscia, decumanus maximus
5.5.5. First- to fourth-century building on Rimska and I. Kukuljevića Streets
5.5.6. First-century buildings along the cardo maximus on Rimska St
5.5.7. Street grid, city blocks
5.6. Block 6: A. i S. Radića St–I. Kukuljevića Sakcinskog St–A. Starčevića St–Ljudevita Posavskog Sq.–Matije Gupca St
5.6.1. Domus, a patrician house (2nd to 3rd-centuries), A. i S. Radića St
5.6.2. Building and shops (1st- to 2nd centuries), I. Kukuljevića Sakcinskog St
5.6.3. Timber architecture and a glass furnace (1st century), no. 37 A. Starčevića St
5.6.4. Building with a hypocaust and a pottery kiln, Ljudevita Posavskog Sq.
5.6.5. Street grid
5.7. Block 7: A Starčevića St– I. Kukuljevića Sakcinskog St– Matije Gupca St–F. Lovrića St
5.7.1. Atrium house (1st to 4th centuries), no. 40 A. Starčevića St, I. Kukuljevića Sakcinskog St, and OŠ 22 lipanj
5.7.2. Building constructions on I. Kukuljevića and F. Lovrića Streets
5.8. Block 8: Rimska St–Matije Gupca St–Ljudevita Posavskog Sq.–A. i S. Radića St–Frankopanska St
5.8.1. Public city baths, Rimska St, Šetnica
5.8.2. Macellum and a mercatus, Frankopanska St
5.8.3. Annexes to the monumental centre, Ljudevita Posavskog Sq.
5.8.4. Intersection of the cardo maximus and the decumanus maximus, the ironworks building, Frankopanska St
5.9. Block 9: A. i S. Radića St–Ljudevita Posavskog Sq.–A. Starčevića St–Matije Gupca St– Frankopanska St
5.9.1. Basilica (?), A. i S. Radića St
5.9.2. Town block (1st to 4th centuries), no. 48 A. i S. Radića St
5.9.3. Architectural structures (defences?), Frankopanska St
5.9.4. Street grid, A. i S. Radića St
5.10. Block 10: A. Starčevića St–Frankopanska St–Matije Gupca St– F. Lovrića St
5.11. Block 11: Frankopanska St–Rimska St–N. Šipuša St–Biskupa Kvirina St
5.11.1. West and east fortifications, Rimska and V. Lisinskoga Streets
5.11.2. Multi-layered complex of Siscia with prehistorical and Roman architectural horizons, Rimska and Frankopanska Streets
5.11.3. Forum, a public urban space
5.11.4. Earliest nucleus of Siscia
5.12. Block 12: Kralja Zvonimira St–N. Šipuša St–F. Hefelea St–Biskupa Kvirina St–the Segestica factory premises
5.12.1. North city wall with the monumental entrance (1st to 4th centuries), Archaeological Park Sv. Kvirin
5.12.2. North entrance to Siscia (1st–4th centuries)
5.12.3. Northern blocks of Siscia (1st–4th centuries), the Archaeological Park Sv. Kvirin
5.12.4. Timber buildings (1st half of the 1st century), Archaeological Park Sv. Kvirin
5.12.5. Street grid, urban blocks
5.12.6. Timber structures in the north part of Siscia
5.13. Block 13: the Kupa River from the Odra Bridge to the Old Bridge
5.13.1. Roman water-supply system, the Kupa riverbed
5.13.2. Site of “Kovnica”, the Kupa riverbed
5.14. Block 14: Pogorelec (the right bank of the Kupa)–the Old Bridge–J. J. Strossmayera St–the New Bridge
5.14.1. Sections of the water supply and a craft and innkeeper’s building, the site of the grain warehouse
5.15. Block 15: Sisak Novi, J. J. Strossmayera St–A. Cesarca St–I. Gundulića St
5. 16. Block 16: Pogorelec, the west part
6.
6.
Map I. Layout of Siscia (made by T. Lolić)
Conclusion
6.1. Modern context of the site, the state of research and documentation
6.2. Early development of the urban area of Siscia
6.3. Developed town matrix of the Flavian period
6.4. Development of administrative and public functions during Antonine dynasty
6.5. The status of Siscia and major construction projects in the period of Severan dynasty
6.6. The capital of the Roman province of Pannonia Savia
Literary sources
Bibliography
Back Cover