دانلود کتاب Using Information Technology (9th Complete Edition)

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Tittle Contents INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY : YOUR DIGITAL WORLDY 1.1 The Practical User: How Becoming Computer Savvy Benefits You 1.2 Information Technology & Your Life: The Future Now The Two Parts of IT: Computers & Communications Education: The Promise of More Interactive & Individualized Learning Health: High Tech for Wellness Money: Toward the Cashless Society Leisure: Infotech in Entertainment & the Arts Government & Electronic Democracy: Participating in the Civic Realm Jobs & Careers 1.3 Infotech Is All Pervasive: Cellphones, Email, the Internet, & the E-World The Phone Grows Up “You’ve Got Mail!” Email’s Mass Impact Practical Action Box: Managing Your Email The Internet, the World Wide Web, & the “Plumbing of Cyberspace” College Students & the E-World 1.4 The “All-Purpose Machine”: The Varieties of Computers All Computers, Great & Small: The Categories of Machines Supercomputers Mainframe Computers Workstations Microcomputers Microcontrollers Servers 1.5 Understanding Your Computer: How Can You Customize (or Build) Your Own PC? How Computers Work: Three Key Concepts Pretending to Order (or Build) a Custom-Built Desktop Computer: Basic Knowledge of How a Computer Works Input Hardware: Keyboard & Mouse Processing & Memory Hardware: Inside the System Cabinet Storage Hardware: Hard Drive & CD/DVD Drive Output Hardware: Video & Sound Cards, Monitor, Speakers, & Printer Communications Hardware: Modem Software Is Getting a Custom-Built PC Worth the Effort? 1.6 Where Is Information Technology Headed? Three Directions of Computer Development: Miniaturization, Speed, & Affordability Three Directions of Communications Development: Connectivity, Interactivity, & Multimedia When Computers & Communications Combine: Convergence, Portability, Personalization, Collaboration, & Cloud Computing “E” Also Stands for Ethics Experience Box: Better Organization & Time Management: Dealing with the Information Deluge in College—& in Life 2 THE INTERNET & THE WORLD WIDE WEB : EXPLORING CYBERSPACE 2.1 Connecting to the Internet: Narrowband, Broadband, & Access Providers Narrowband (Dial-Up) Modem: Low Speed but Inexpensive & Widely Available High-Speed Phone Lines: More Expensive but Available in Most Cities Problem for Telephone Internet Connections: The Last Mile Cable Modem: Close Competitor to DSL Satellite Wireless Connections Other Wireless Connections: Wi-Fi & 3G Internet Access Providers: Three Kinds Practical Action Box: Looking for an Internet Access Provider: Questions to Ask at the Beginning 2.2 How Does the Internet Work? Internet Connections: POPs, NAPs, Backbone & Internet2 Internet Communications: Protocols, Packets, & Addresses Who Runs the Internet? 2.3 The World Wide Web The Face of the Web: Browsers, Websites, & Web Pages How the Browser Finds Things: URLs The Nuts & Bolts of the Web: HTML & Hyperlinks Using Your Browser to Get around the Web Web Portals: Starting Points for Finding Information Search Services & Search Engines, & How They Work Four Web Search Tools: Individual Search Engines, Subject Directories, Metasearch Engines, & Specialized Search Engines Smart Searching: Three General Strategies Practical Action: Evaluating & Sourcing Information Found on the Web Multimedia Search Tools: Image, Audio, & Video Searching Practical Action Box: Serious Web Search Techniques Desktop Search: Tools for Searching Your Computer’s Hard Disk Tagging: Saving Links for Easier Retrieval Later 2.4 Email & Other Ways of Communicating over the Net Two Ways to Send & Receive Email How to Use Email Sorting Your Email Attachments Instant Messaging FTP—for Copying All the Free Files You Want Newsgroups—for Online Typed Discussions on Specific Topics Listservs: Email-Based Discussion Groups Real-Time Chat—Typed Discussions Among Online Participants Netiquette: Appropriate Online Behavior 2.5 The Online Gold Mine: Telephony, Multimedia, Webcasting, Blogs, E-Commerce, & the Social Web Telephony: The Internet Telephone & Videophone Multimedia on the Web The Web Automatically Comes to You: Webcasting, Blogging, & Podcasting E-Commerce: B2B Commerce, Online Finance, Auctions, & Job Hunting Relationships: Matchmaking Websites Web 2.0 & the Social Web: Social Networking, Media Sharing, Social Network Aggregation, & Microblogging 2.6 The Intrusive Internet: Snooping, Spamming, Spoofing, Phishing, Pharming, Cookies, & Spyware Snooping on Your Email: Your Messages Are Open to Anyone Spam: Electronic Junk Mail Practical Action Box: Tips for Fighting Spam Spoofing, Phishing, & Pharming: Phony Email Senders & Websites Cookies: Convenience or Hindrance? Spyware—Adware, Browser & Search Hijackers, & Key Loggers: Intruders to Track Your Habits & Steal Your Data Practical Action Box: Tips for Avoiding Spyware Experience Box: Web Research, Term Papers, & Plagiarism 3 SOFTWARE : TOOLS FOR PRODUCTIVITY & CREATIVITY 3.1 System Software: The Power Behind the Power 3.2 The Operating System: What It Does Booting CPU Management File Management Task Management Security Management 3.3 Other System Software: Device Drivers & Utility Programs Device Drivers: Running Peripheral Hardware Utilities: Service Programs Practical Action: Utility Programs 3.4 Common Features of the User Interface Using Keyboard & Mouse The GUI: The Graphical User Interface The Help Command 3.5 Common Operating Systems Macintosh Operating System Microsoft Windows Network Operating Systems: NetWare, Windows NT/2000/2003, Microsoft .NET, Unix, & Linux Practical Action Box: Get a PC or Get a Mac? Dealing with Security Issues Embedded Operating Systems for Handhelds: Palm OS & Windows CE 3.6 Application Software: Getting Started Application Software: For Sale, for Free, or for Rent? Tutorials & Documentation A Few Facts about Files & the Usefulness of Importing & Exporting Types of Application Software 3.7 Word Processing Creating Documents Editing Documents Formatting Documents with the Help of Templates & Wizards Output Options: Printing, Faxing, or Emailing Documents Saving Documents Web Document Creation Tracking Changes & Inserting Comments 3.8 Spreadsheets The Basics: How Spreadsheets Work Analytical Graphics: Creating Charts 3.9 Database Software The Benefits of Database Software The Basics: How Databases Work Personal Information Managers 3.10 Specialty Software Presentation Graphics Software Financial Software Desktop Publishing Drawing & Painting Programs Video/Audio Editing Software Animation Software Multimedia Authoring Software Web Page Design/Authoring Software Practical Action Box: Help in Building Your Web Page Project Management Software Portable Document Format (PDF) Computer-Aided Design Experience Box: The Mysteries of Tech Support 4 HARDWARE: THE CPU & STORAGE : HOW TO CHOOSE A MULTIMEDIA COMPUTER SYSTEM 4.1 Microchips, Miniaturization, & Mobility From Vacuum Tubes to Transistors to Microchips Miniaturization Miracles: Microchips, Microprocessors, & Micromachines Mobility Choosing an Inexpensive Personal Computer: Understanding Computer Ads 4.2 The System Unit: The Basics The Binary System: Using On/Off Electrical States to Represent Data & Instructions Machine Language The Computer Case: Bays, Buttons, & Boards Power Supply Practical Action Box: Power Issues: Problems with Electrical Power to Your Computer The Motherboard & the Microprocessor Chip Processing Speeds: From Megahertz to Picoseconds 4.3 More on the System Unit How the Processor or CPU Works: Control Unit, ALU, Registers, & Buses How Memory Works: RAM, ROM, CMOS, & Flash How Cache Works Other Methods of Speeding Up Processing Ports & Cables Expandability: Buses & Cards 4.4 Secondary Storage Floppy Disks Hard Disks Optical Disks: CDs & DVDs Magnetic Tape Smart Cards Flash & Solid State Memory Online Secondary Storage 4.5 Future Developments in Processing & Storage Practical Action Box: Starting Over with Your Hard Drive: Erasing, Reformatting, & Reloading Future Developments in Processing Future Developments in Secondary Storage Experience Box: How to Buy a Laptop 5 HARDWARE: INPUT & OUTPUT : TAKING CHARGE OF COMPUTING & COMMUNICATIONS 5.1 Input & Output 5.2 Input Hardware Keyboards Pointing Devices Scanning & Reading Devices Audio-Input Devices Webcams & Video-Input Cards Digital Cameras Speech-Recognition Systems Sensors Radio-Frequency Identification Tags Human-Biology-Input Devices 5.3 Output Hardware Traditional Softcopy Output: Display Screens Traditional Hardcopy Output: Printers Practical Action Box: Buying a Printer Mixed Output: Sound, Voice, & Video 5.4 Input & Output Technology & Quality of Life: Health & Ergonomics Health Matters Ergonomics: Design with People in Mind 5.4 The Future of Input & Output Toward More Input from Remote Locations Toward More Source Data Automation Toward More Output in Remote Locations Toward More Realistic Output Experience Box: Good Habits: Protecting Your Computer System, Your Data, & Your Health 6 COMMUNICATIONS, NETWORKS, & SAFEGUARDS : THE WIRED & WIRELESS WORLD 6.1 From the Analog to the Digital Age The Digital Basis of Computers: Electrical Signals as Discontinuous Bursts The Analog Basis of Life: Electrical Signals as Continuous Waves Purpose of the Dial-Up Modem: Converting Digital Signals to Analog Signals & Back Converting Reality to Digital Form 6.2 Networks The Benefits of Networks Types of Networks: WANs, MANs, LANs, HANs, PANs, & Others How Networks Are Structured: Client/Server & Peer-to-Peer Intranets, Extranets, & VPNs Components of a Network Network Topologies: Bus, Ring, & Star Two Ways to Prevent Messages from Colliding: Ethernet & Token Ring 6.3 Wired Communications Media Wired Communications Media: Wires & Cables Wired Communications Media for Homes: Ethernet, HomePNA, & HomePlug Practical Action Box: Telecommuting & Telework: The Nontraditional Workplace 6.4 Wireless Communications Media The Electromagnetic Spectrum, the Radio- Frequency (RF) Spectrum, & Bandwidth Four Types of Wireless Communications Media Long-Distance Wireless: One-Way Communication Long-Distance Wireless: Two-Way Communication Short-Range Wireless: Two-Way Communications 6.5 Cyber Threats, Hackers, & Safeguards Cyber Threats: Denial-of-Service Attacks, Worms, Viruses, & Trojan Horses Practical Action Box: Ways to Minimize Virus Attacks Some Cyber Villains: Hackers & Crackers Online Safety: Antivirus Software, Firewalls, Passwords, Biometric Authentication, & Encryption Practical Action Box: How to Deal with Passwords Experience Box: Virtual Meetings: Linking Up Electronically 7 PERSONAL TECHNOLOGY : THE FUTURE IS YOU 7.1 Convergence, Portability, & Personalization Convergence Portability Personalization Popular Personal Technologies 7.2 Portable Media Players How MP3 Players Work The Societal Effects of PMPs Players Using PMPs in College 7.3 High-Tech Radio: Satellite, HD, & Internet Satellite Radio HD Radio Internet Radio Podcasting 7.4 Digital Cameras: Changing Photography How Digital Cameras Work Practical Action Box: Online Viewing & Sharing of Digital Photos The Societal Effects of Digital Cameras 7.5 Personal Digital Assistants & Tablet PCs How a PDA Works The Future of PDAs Tablet PCs 7.6 The New Television Internet-Ready, & Mobile TV Three Kinds of Television: DTV, HDTV, SDTV Practical Action Box: Buying the Right Flat-Panel TV The Societal Effects of the New TV 7.7 E-BOOK READERS: The New Reading Machines How an E-Book Reader Works The Benefits of E-Book Readers The Drawbacks of E-Book Readers 7.8 Smartphones: More Than Talk How a Mobile Phone Works Smartphone Services The Societal Effects of Cellphones 7.9 Videogame Systems: The Ultimate Convergence Machine? Microsoft’s Xbox 360 Sony’s PlayStation3 Nintendo’s Wii The Results of Personal Technology: The “Always On” Generation The Experience Box: The “Always On” Generation 8 DATABASES & INFORMATION SYSTEMS : DIGITAL ENGINES FOR TODAY’S ECONOMY 8.1 Managing Files: Basic Concepts How Data Is Organized: The Data Storage Hierarchy The Key Field Types of Files: Program Files & Data Files Compression & Decompression: Putting More Data in Less Space 8.2 Database Management Systems The Benefits of Database Management Systems Three Database Components Practical Action Box: Storing Your Stuff: How Long Will Digitized Data Last? The Database Administrator 8.3 Database Models Hierarchical Database Network Database Relational Database Object-Oriented Database Multidimensional Database 8.4 Data Mining The Process of Data Mining Some Applications of Data Mining 8.5 Databases & the Digital Economy: E-Business & E-Commerce E-Commerce: Online Buying & Selling Types of E-Commerce Systems: B2B, B2C, & C2C 8.6 Information Systems in Organizations: Using Databases to Help Make Decisions Information Flow within an Organization: Horizontally between Departments & Vertically between Management Levels Computer-Based Information Systems Office Information Systems Transaction Processing Systems Management Information Systems Decision Support Systems Executive Support Systems Expert Systems 8.7 Artificial Intelligence Expert Systems Natural Language Processing Intelligent Agents Pattern Recognition Fuzzy Logic Virtual Reality & Simulation Devices Robotics Two Approaches to Artificial Intelligence: Weak versus Strong AI Artificial Life, the Turing Test, & AI Ethics 8.8 The Ethics of Using Databases: Concerns about Privacy & Identity Theft The Threat to Privacy Identity Theft Experience Box: Preventing Your Identity from Getting Stolen 9 THE CHALLENGES OF THE DIGITAL AGE : SOCIETY & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TODAY 9.1 Truth Issues: Manipulating Digital Data Manipulation of Sound Manipulation of Photos Manipulation of Video & Television Accuracy & Completeness 9.2 Security Issues: Threats to Computers & Communications Systems Errors & Accidents Natural Hazards Computer Crimes Computer Criminals Practical Action Box: Is the Boss Watching You? Trust in the Workplace 9.3 Security: Safeguarding Computers & Communications Deterrents to Computer Crime Identification & Access Encryption Protection of Software & Data Disaster-Recovery Plans 9.4 Quality-of-Life Issues: The Environment, Mental Health, Child Protection, & the Workplace Environmental Problems Mental-Health Problems Protecting Children: Pornography, Sexual Predators, & Online Bullies Workplace Problems: Impediments to Productivity Practical Action: When the Internet Isn’t Productive: Online Addiction & Other Time Wasters 9.5 Economic & Political Issues: Employment & the Haves/Have-Nots Technology, the Job Killer? Gap between Rich & Poor Whom Does the Internet Serve? In a World of Breakneck Change, Can You Still Thrive? Experience Box: Student Use of Computers: Some Controversies 10 SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & PROGRAMMING : SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT, PROGRAMMING, & LANGUAGES 10.1 Systems Development: The Six Phases of Systems Analysis & Design The Purpose of a System Getting the Project Going: How It Starts, Who’s Involved The Six Phases of Systems Analysis & Design The First Phase: Conduct a Preliminary Investigation The Second Phase: Do an Analysis of the System The Third Phase: Design the System The Fourth Phase: Develop the System The Fifth Phase: Implement the System The Sixth Phase: Maintain the System 10.2 Programming: A Five-Step Procedure The First Step: Clarify the Programming Needs The Second Step: Design the Program The Third Step: Code the Program The Fourth Step: Test the Program The Fifth Step: Document & Maintain the Program 10.3 Five Generations of Programming Languages First Generation: Machine Language Second Generation: Assembly Language Third Generation: High-Level or Procedural Languages Fourth Generation: Very-High-Level or Problem-Oriented Languages Fifth Generation: Natural Languages 10.4 Programming Languages Used Today FORTRAN: The Language of Mathematics & the First High-Level Language COBOL: The Language of Business BASIC: The Easy Language Pascal: The Simple Language C: For Portability & Scientific Use LISP: For Artificial Intelligence Programs 10.5 Object-Oriented & Visual Programming Object-Oriented Programming: Block by Block Three Important Concepts of OOP Visual Programming: The Example of Visual BASIC 10.6 Markup & Scripting Languages HTML: For Creating 2-D Web Documents & Links VRML: For Creating 3-D Web Pages XML: For Making the Web Work Better JavaScript: For Dynamic Web Pages ActiveX: For Creating Interactive Web Pages Perl: For CGI Scripts CGI (Common Gateway Interface) Tcl (Tool Command Language) PHP(Personal Home Page, or PHP Hypertext Pre processor) & R Ruby Experience Box: Critical Thinking Tools Notes Credits Index