دانلود کتاب Vocal Fold Injection

فهرست مطالب :

Preface
Contents
Contributors
Part I: General Considerations and Preoperative Preparations
1: History of Vocal Fold Injection
1.1 Historical Perspective of Vocal Fold Injection
1.2 Paraffin
1.3 Cartilage and Bone Paste
1.3.1 Cartilage
1.3.2 Bone Paste
1.3.3 Shortcomings of Cartilage and Bone Paste
1.4 Tantalum
1.5 Teflon
1.5.1 Introduction of Teflon
1.5.2 Clinical Efficacy and Technical Improvement of Teflon Injection
1.5.3 Tissue Response to Injected Teflon
1.5.4 Complications of Teflon
1.6 Silicone
1.6.1 Introduction of Silicone
1.6.2 Development of Improved Form of Silicone
1.6.3 Shortcoming of Silicone
1.7 Gelfoam
1.8 Collagen
1.8.1 Exogenous Collagen (Heterologous Bovine Collagen, Zyderm® or Zyplast®)
1.8.2 Human Collagen
1.8.2.1 Autologous Collagen (Purified Human Forms of Autologous Collagen)
1.8.2.2 Homologous Collagen (Purified Forms of Human Collagen from Homologous Cadaveric Skin, Micronized Acellular Derma Compound, Cymetra®)
References
2: Surgical Anatomy for Vocal Fold Injection
2.1 Laryngeal Framework
2.1.1 Hyoid Bone
2.1.2 Thyroid Cartilage
2.1.3 Cricoid Cartilage
2.2 Laryngeal Membranes and Ligaments
2.2.1 Extrinsic
2.2.2 Intrinsic
2.3 Laryngeal Cavity
2.3.1 Preepiglottic Space
2.3.2 Paraglottic Space
2.4 Vocal Fold
2.4.1 Gross Anatomy
2.4.2 Microanatomy
2.5 Anatomical Consideration for VFI
References
3: Indications for Vocal Fold Injection
3.1 Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis
3.1.1 Definition
3.1.2 Etiology
3.1.2.1 Iatrogenic
3.1.2.2 Neoplastic (Non Laryngeal)
3.1.2.3 Idiopathic
3.1.3 Evaluation
3.1.3.1 History Taking
3.1.3.2 Laryngoscopy and Stroboscopy
3.1.3.3 Imaging Studies
3.1.3.4 Voice Assessments
3.1.3.5 Laryngeal Electromyography
3.1.4 Treatment
3.1.4.1 Principle
3.1.4.2 Spontaneous Recovery
3.1.4.3 Voice Therapy
3.1.4.4 Surgical Management
3.2 Benign Vocal Fold Lesions
3.2.1 Definition
3.2.2 Etiology
3.2.3 Diagnosis
3.2.4 Treatment
3.3 Spasmodic Dysphonia
3.3.1 Definition
3.3.2 Etiology
3.3.3 Diagnosis
3.3.4 Treatment
3.4 Vocal Process Granuloma
3.4.1 Definition
3.4.2 Etiology
3.4.3 Diagnosis
3.4.4 Treatment
References
4: Anesthesia for Vocal Fold Injection
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Anatomy
4.2.1 Nasal Cavity
4.2.2 Oropharynx
4.2.3 Larynx
4.3 Medications
4.3.1 Anesthetics
4.3.1.1 Lidocaine
4.3.1.2 Tetracaine
4.3.2 Decongestants
4.3.3 Anti-Secretion Medications
4.4 Procedures
4.4.1 Patient Preparation
4.4.2 Nasal Anesthesia
4.4.3 Pharyngeal Anesthesia
4.4.4 Laryngeal Anesthesia
4.4.5 Skin Anesthesia
4.5 Medical Concerns
References
Part II: Approaches for Vocal Fold Injection
5: Trans-Oral Approach
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Indications for Trans-Oral Technique
5.3 Contraindications for Trans-Oral Technique
5.4 Anesthesia
5.5 Equipment and Injection Material
5.6 Procedure
5.6.1 Setup and Positioning
5.6.2 Trajectory Approximation and Arytenoid Palpation
5.6.3 Technique
5.6.4 Complications
5.6.5 Post-Injection
References
6: Trans-Cricothyroid Approach
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Surgical Techniques
6.2.1 Basic Steps for Vocal Fold Injection with Trans-CT Approach
6.2.2 Techniques to Locate the Level of the True Vocal Fold
6.2.3 Techniques to Estimate Exact Location of the Needle Tip
6.3 Conclusion
References
7: Trans-Thyrohyoid Approach
7.1 Technique
7.1.1 Procedure
7.1.2 Needle Preparations
7.1.3 Technical Tips
7.2 Advantages and Limitations
References
8: Trans-Cartilaginous Approach
8.1 Injection Laryngoplasty Techniques in Korea
8.2 Transcartilaginous Approach Procedure
8.3 Other Uses of the Transcartilaginous Approach
8.4 Advantages and Disadvantages the Transcartilaginous Approach
8.5 Technical Pitfalls of the Transcartilaginous Approach
References
Part III: Considerations in Immobile Vocal Folds
9: Optimal Injection Timing for Vocal Fold Paralysis
9.1 Natural History of VF Paralysis
9.2 Optimal Injection Timing
References
10: Ideal Material Selection for Vocal Fold Augmentation
10.1 Material Selection
10.2 Short-Term Vocal Fold Injection Augmentation Materials
10.2.1 Carboxymethylcellulose Products
10.2.2 Hyaluronic Acid Products
10.3 Durable Vocal Fold Injection Augmentation Materials
10.3.1 Calcium Hydroxylapatite Products
10.3.2 Polydimethylsiloxane
10.3.3 Silk-Hyaluronic Acid
References
11: Autologous Materials for Vocal Fold Augmentation
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Autologous Fat Injection
11.2.1 Introduction
11.2.2 Surgical Techniques
11.2.2.1 Liposuction
11.2.2.2 Fat Purification
11.2.2.3 Fat Injection
11.2.3 Advantage and Disadvantage
11.3 Autologous Cartilage Injection
11.3.1 Introduction
11.3.2 Surgical Technique and Clinical Outcome (Fig. 11.7)
11.3.3 Advantage and Disadvantage
References
12: EMG Guided Injection Laryngoplasty
12.1 Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis
12.2 Laryngeal EMG
12.2.1 Basic Neurophysiology of Larynx
12.2.2 The Electrodiagnostic Apparatus
12.2.3 Preparation and Insertion of Needle Electrode
12.2.3.1 Cricothyroid (CT) Muscle
12.2.3.2 Thyroarytenoid and Lateral Cricoarytenoid (TA/LCA) Muscle Complex
12.2.4 Basic Interpretation of EMG
12.2.4.1 In the Muscle at Rest (Keep Silent)
12.2.4.2 In the Muscle at Voluntary Contraction (Phonating Vowel/I/)
12.2.5 Laryngeal EMG and Prognosis of Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis
12.3 Laryngeal EMG Guided Injection Laryngoplasty for UVFP
12.3.1 Rationale of Laryngeal EMG Guided Injection Laryngoplasty
12.3.2 Procedure of Laryngeal EMG Guided Injection Laryngoplasty
12.3.3 Injection Material, Volume, and Effect Duration
12.3.4 Algorithm of EMG Guided Injection Laryngoplasty for UVFP
12.4 Consultation Cautions and Limitations
References
13: Ancillary Techniques for  Vocal Fold Injection
13.1 Trans-Nasal Injection
13.2 Light-Guided Injection
13.3 Ultrasound Guided Injection
13.4 Others
References
Part IV: Postoperative Considerations
14: Post-Injection Care and Complication Management
14.1 Complication Management
14.1.1 Introduction
14.1.2 Calcium Hydroxlyapatite (CaHA)
14.1.3 Collagen; Cymetra, Zyplast
14.1.4 Hyaluronic Acid (Restylane)
14.1.5 Special Consideration
14.2 Post-Injection Care
References
15: Perioperative Voice Therapy
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Prior to Speech-Language Pathology Involvement
15.3 Indirect and Direct Voice Therapy
15.4 Outcome Metrics in Voice Therapy
15.5 Benign Vocal Fold Lesions
15.6 Vocal Fold Paralysis
15.7 Presbyphonia
15.8 Laryngeal Dystonia
15.9 Timing
15.9.1 Preoperative Therapy
15.9.2 Postoperative Voice Rest
15.9.3 Other Postoperative Therapy
15.10 Frequency and Duration
15.11 Factors Predictive of Successful Voice Therapy
References
Part V: Special Considerations in Various Vocal Fold Injections
16: Botulinum Toxin Injection for Laryngeal Disorders
16.1 Treatment of Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia
16.1.1 General Principles of BoNTA Injection for Adductor SD
16.1.2 Treatment Protocols of BoNTA Injection for Adductor SD
16.1.3 BoNTA Injection Techniques for Adductor SD
16.2 Treatment of Abductor SD
16.2.1 General Principles of BoNTA Injection for Abductor SD
16.2.2 BoNTA Injection Techniques for Abductor SD
16.3 Treatment of Other Laryngeal Disorders
References
17: Vocal Fold Steroid Injection
17.1 Evolving History of Vocal Fold Steroid Injection (VFSI)
17.2 Mechanisms of Steroid Injection for Benign Vocal Lesions
17.3 Techniques and Injection Routes of VFSI
17.4 Indications for VFSI
17.5 Adverse Events after VFSI
17.6 Recurrence of Vocal Lesions after VFSI
References
18: Vocal Fold Growth Factor Injection
18.1 Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor
18.1.1 Biological Activity on Wound Healing
18.1.2 Preclinical Data of bFGF on the Vocal Fold
18.1.3 Clinical Application of bFGF Injection for Vocal Fold Scar, Sulcus, and Atrophy
18.2 Hepatocyte Growth Factor
18.2.1 Anti-Fibrotic Activity
18.2.2 Preclinical Data of HGF on Vocal Fold Scar
18.2.3 Clinical Trial
References
19: Other Therapeutic Vocal Fold Injections
19.1 Cidofovir and Bevacizumab
19.1.1 Clinical Application of Cidofovir or Bevacizumab on Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis
19.1.2 Potential Risk of Adjuvant Therapy for RRP
19.1.3 Outcomes of Adjuvant Therapy for RRP
19.2 Tissue-Engineered Materials
19.2.1 Hyaluronic Acid-Based Materials
19.2.2 Hyaluronic Acid-Based Microgels
19.2.3 Synthetic Polymer Materials
19.3 Stem Cell Therapy
19.3.1 Regeneration Therapy for the Vocal Folds
19.3.2 Preclinical Study of Stem Cell Therapy
19.3.3 Clinical Trial of Stem Cell for VF Regeneration
19.4 Platelet-Rich Plasma
19.5 Gene Therapy
References