دانلود کتاب War in the shadows : the guerrilla in history

فهرست مطالب :

LENIN\'S HERITAGE --
Darius bows to Scythian guerrillas --
Alexander the Great\'s tactics against the Asiatic Scythians --
Hannibal\'s victory over Alpine guerrillas --
Rome\'s colonial wars --
The war of Spartacus --
Caesar and Cassivellaunus --
The Roman pacification of Spain --
Scipio\'s campaign --
Cato\'s reply to the guerrillas --
The reforms of Gracchus and Marcellus --
The shame of Lucullus and Galba --
The rise and fall of brave Viriathus --
Scipio Aemilianus\' reforms --
The extraordinary rebellion of Quintus Sertorius --
Hannibal\'s cunning --
Fabian strategy and tactics --
Warfare in early China --
The amazing Sun Tzu : The Art of War --
Quasi-guerrilla tactics of Goths and Huns --
Fridigern and the battle of Adrianople --
Political weaknesses of the barbarians --
Rise of the franks --
Attila and the Huns --
Justinian\'s campaigns --
Belisarius : brain versus brawn --
Emperor Maurice\'s defense against guerrilla tactics --
Emperor Leo\'s great work : Tactics --
Emperor Nikephoros Phokas : On Shadowing Warfare --
Warfare in the West --
The great Mongol invasion of Europe --
Vietnam\'s savior : Marshall Tran Hung Dao --
Edward I\'s pacification of Wales --
William Wallace and Robert Bruce --
The guerrilla leader Bertrand du Guesclin --
Machiavelli and military developments --
Turenne, Condé, Martinet : seventeenth-century tactics --
The great captains : Maurice of Nassau, Gustavus Adolphus, Charles XII, Marlborough --
Frederick the Great and guerrilla warfare --
Pasquali Paoli and his Corsican guerrillas --
North American Indian tactics --
American colonial army --
Braddock\'s defeat --
Colonel Henri Bouquet\'s reforms --
Rogers\' scouts --
The rise of light infantry --
Southern colonies --
Clinton\'s shift in strategy --
Capture of Charleston --
\"Tarleton\'s Quarters\" --
Conflict with Cornwallis --
Cornwallis takes command --
Colonial guerrilla resistance --
Horatio Gates and the Continentals --
Guerrilla leaders : Marion, Sumter, Pickens --
Cornwallis\' retreat --
Battles of Cowpens and Guilford Courthouse --
Greene\'s offensive --
England\'s colonial wars --
Indian guerrilla leaders : Sivaji and Tippu --
Wellesley\'s tactical changes --
The Vendée rebellion --
Hoche\'s couterguerrilla tactics : \"overawing\" versus \"exasperating\" --
Napoleon invades Sapin --
Wellington\'s early battles and use of guerrillas --
French excesses --
Marshall Bessières\' testament --
Hofer\'s Tyrolean guerrillas fight the French --
The Pugachev rebellion --
Napolean\'s invasion of Russia --
The \"conquest\" of Vitebsk --
Kutuzov\'s strategy --
Denis Davydov and the partisans --
Prussia\'s levée en masse --
Clausewitz and Jomini on guerrilla war --
The French land in Algeria --
Abd-el-Kader leads the resistance --
Clauzel\'s strategy and defeat --
Valée\'s Great Wall --
Bugeaud\'s tactics --
Shamyl and the Caucasus --
Guerrilla warfare in Burma --
The Siminole war in Florida --
Effects of Industrial Revolution --
The American Civil War --
Forrest, Morgan and Mosby --
Sheridan\'s counter tactics --
Pope\'s policy --
The American army --
Brussels conference of 1874 --
Indian wars in America --
General Custer\'s disaster --
Upton\'s mission to Europe --
Influence of Prussian militarism on the American army --
Alfred Mahan and American expansionism --
Guerrilla wars in Cuba --
General Wyler\'s tactics --
McKinley and American intervention --
Spanish rule of the Philippines --
Rizal and the 1896 insurrection --
Aguinaldo\'s rise --
Dewey\'s victory at Manila Bay --
General Merritt\'s expeditionary force --
The treaty of Paris --
American victories in the Philippines --
Otis\' optimism --
MacArthur\'s expedition --
Mr. Bass tells the truth --
MacArthur\'s pacification program --
The capture of Aguinaldo --
Taft established civil rule --
The Samar massacre --
General \"Roaring Jake\" Smith --
General Bell\'s \"solution\" --
Taft\'s counter solution --
Small war characteristics --
Importance of leadership --
British, Russian, and French failures --
Charles Callwell\'s classic work : Small Wars --
British operations in Burma --
Thibaw\'s guerrillas --
General White\'s tactics --
Sir Charles Crosthwaite\'s police --
Boer wars --
Buller --
De La Rey and Jan Smuts\' commandos --
Kitchener\'s new tactics --
Hubery Lyautey --
Gallieni\'s tactics and Indochinese \"pirates\" --
Origin of the tache d\'huile concept --
Gallieni\'s influence on Lyautey --
Pacification of Morocco --
The rebellions of Miguel Hidalgo and José Morelos --
Santa Anna\'s dictatorship --
Guerrillas and the War of the Reforms --
Marshall Bazaine and Mexican guerrillas --
The Porfiriate and the 1910 revolution --
The guerrilla armies of Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata --
Guerrillas in World War I --
Lettow-Vorbeck in German East Africa --
The Boer campaign against Lettow-Vorbeck --
Meinertzhagen\'s prediction --
Thomas Edward Lawrence --
The original Arab revolt --
The Irish Revolution --
Asquith reacts --
Rise of Sinn Fein --
Michael Collins and the Irish Republican Army --
The IRA and terrorist tactics --
The Royal Irish Constabulary --
The Black and Tans --
The Auxies --
Sir Nevil Macready\'s iron fist --
The Russian Revolution --
Bakunin and Marx --
Plekhanov and the liberals --
Nicholas\' assassination --
Alexander the III and the okhrana --
Lenin\'s rise --
Mensheniks versus Bolsheviks --
Von Plehve\'s assassination --
Gapon\'s Bloody Sunday --
The October Manifesto and the reign of terror --
Bolshevik victory --
The Red Terror --
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk --
Trotsky build the Red army --
President Wilson\'s ambiguity --
Whites versus Reds --
Kolchak and Denikin\'s shortcomings --
The Communist International MAO AND REVOLUTIONARY WARFARE --
The rise of Manchus --
The Opium War --
The Taiping rebellion --
China\'s second war with England --
The Boxer rebellion --
Enter Sun Yat-sen --
The 1911 revolution --
Birth of the Kuomintang --
The Communists join the Kuomintang --
Enter Chiang Kai-shek --
Mao Tse-tung --
The Autumn Harvest uprising --
The Changsa defeat --
Falkenhausen\'s counterguerrilla tactics --
The long march to Shensi --
Mao\'s theory of \"people\'s war\" --
Mao\'s debt to Sun Tzu --
War against Japanese invader --
The Rif rebellion --
Spain and Morocco --
The Regulares and the Tercio --
Spanich pacification policy --
Abd-el-Krim --
Africanistas versus Abandonistas --
Primo de Rivera\'s \"line\" --
The Royal Air Force and pacification --
Air control versus ground control --
Sir Charles Gywnn\'s Imperial Policing --
The Moplah rebellion --
Guerrilla warfare in Santo Domingo --
America\'s marine tactics --
Guerrilla warfare in Nicaragua --
Augusto César Sandino --
The Spanish civil war --
Hemingway and the ideological element --
World War II --
German and Japanese victories --
Allied support of resistance movements --
Special Operations Executive (SEO) --
Office of Strategic Service (OSS) --
The British-American policy analyzed --
German occupation policy --
Growth of underground movements --
Resistance in Czechoslovakia, Poland, Italy, and Norway --
French resistance in World War II --
De Gaulle and the BCRA --
Rise of the maquis --
SOE/OSS special units --
Guerrilla support of allied landings --
German invasion of Russia --
Ukranian apathy --
The Red army and guerrilla warfare --
Stalin calls for guerrilla resistance --
Germany\'s extermination policy --
Kaminski and Vlasov --
German intransigence --
Stalin\'s reorganization of partisan units --
The Germans occupy Yugoslavia --
The Balkan guerrilla tradition --
Scanderberg --
Heyduks and klefts --
Kosta Pečanac --
World War II : Chetniks versus Partisans --
Tito and the Yugoslav Communist Party --
Fitzroy Maclean reports --
German strength in Yugoslavia --
Tito and Yugoslav nationalism --
The Hauspartisanen --
Kosta\'s operations --
SOE\'s liaison problems --
German occupation of Greece --
Greek passivity to occupation --
First SOE mission --
Operation Animals --
The ELAS guerrillas --
Operation Noah\'s Ark --
Italian occupation of Albania --
Albanian resistance --
Enver Hoxha and the LNC --
The Davies mission --
Maclean\'s new mission --
Hoxha\'s guerrilla operations --
Japanese conquests --
Australian coastwatchers --
American marines on Guadacanal --
Japanese occupation of Timor --
Callinan fights guerrilla warfare --
Guerrilla resistance in the Philippines --
Kangleon\'s guerrillas on Leyte --
Japanese occupation policy --
Fertig\'s guerrillas on Mindanao --
Luis Taruc and the Huks --
Volckmann\'s guerrilla\'s on Luzon --
Host to MacArthur\'s landing --
Japanese occupation of Indonesia --
Dutch overlords --
Sporadic Indonesian resistance --
Sukarno and the PNI --
Japanese exploitation and bestiality --
Japanese occupation of Thailand --
The Japanese occupy Indochina --
The French conquest --
Fallacy of the \"peace and security\" argument --
Fallacy of the \"non-profit\" argument --
Failure of the French colonial policy --
Bao Dai and Ngo Dinh Diem --
The Yen Bay mutiny --
Enter Ho Chi Minh --
The Vietnamese Communist movement --
The Cao Dai and the Hoa Hao --
French Indochina --
Decoux\'s dictatorship --
President Roosevelt\'s anti-colonialism --
Ho Chi Minh and the Viet Minh --
Vo Nguyen Giap --
OSS support of Giap --
British and Chinese occupation of Vietnam --
Ho proclaims the Democratic Republic of Vietnam --
Communist failure in the South --
Japanese conquest of Malaya --
The SOE in Malaya --
Origin of the Malayan Communist Party (MCP) --
The Japanese invade Burma --
Stilwell versus British and Chinese --
Saya San\'s rebellion --
The Thakin movement --
Aung San\'s collaboration with the Japanese --
A modern major general : William Slim --
First Arkan offensive --
A modern major general (II) : Vinegar Joe Stilwell --
Orde Wingate and guerrilla warfare : Palestine and Ethiopia --
The first Chindit operation --
South-East Asia command --
Merrill\'s Marauders --
The Kachins --
Aung San deserts the Japanese --
The Karen guerrilla offensive --
China in World War II --
Chiang Kai-Shek\'s strategy --
Chiang and Roosevelt --
Stilwell versus Chiang and Claire Chennault --
The Miles mission --
SACO operations --
Patrick Hurley\'s mission --
The Dixie mission --
Wedemeyer takes over --
The deteriorating Nationalist position --
The Yalta Conference and the \"Far Eastern Agreement\" --
Hurley and Stalin --
Kennan\'s warning --
Truman\'s inaction --
The military position : Nationalists versus Reds --
Chiang occupies Manchuria --
The Marshall mission --
The Wedemeyer mission --
William Bullitt\'s accusations --
Lin Piao\'s \"Seventh Offensive\" --
Chiang loses Manchuria HO... HO... HO CHI MINH --
Soviet political aims --
Western weaknesses --
The Cominform --
Allied occupation of Vietnam --
Viet Minh opposition --
Operation Léa --
General Revers\' secret report --
Vietnamese nationalism --
Bao Dai\'s provisional government --
Truman\'s confusion --
The Élysée Agreements --
Acheson\'s dilemma --
Vo Nguyen Giap --
Viet Minh military organization --
La sale guere --
General de Lattre de Tassigny --
George Kennan\'s warning to keep Acheson --
Gullion and Blum dissent --
Congressman John Kennedy\'s position --
General Salan takes over --
Jean Letourneau --
Orde Wingate\'s ghost --
General Henri Navarre --
The Greek civil war --
Yugoslavia and Albania --
The Truman Doctrine --
Tito\'s defection --
The Huks --
Magsaysay takes over --
The New People\'s Army (NPA) --
President Ferdinand Marcos --
Nur Masouri\'s Moslem Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) in Mindanao --
The Bangsa Moro Army (BMA) --
Corazon Aquino\'s ineffectual government --
General Fidel Ramos takes over --
The Dutch take over --
Sukarno\'s problems --
The Palestine problem --
Jews versus Arabs --
The Zionist position --
Origin of Haganah --
David Raziel : the militant element --
Irgun and terrorism --
Stern and the FFI --
Menachem Begin --
UN intervention --
Postwar Malaya --
Chin Peng\'s Communist guerrilla army --
The Briggs Plan --
Templer takes over : the qualitative approach --
The Vietnam War --
Navarre\'s tactics --
Genesis of the domino theory --
Mark Clarke\'s recommendations --
General O\'Daniel\'s mission --
Dien Bien Phu --
Vietnam : French and American estimates --
Viet Minh tactics --
General Ridgeway\'s warning --
Eisenhower backs down --
The Geneva Conference --
Dulles\' defeat --
SEATO --
Ngo dinh Diem --
The Collins mission --
The Fishel mission --
The Montagnard problem --
ARVN --
MAAG\'s influence --
Ho Chi Minh\'s problems --
The National Liberation Front (NLF) --
The 1960 revolt --
The Mau Mau rebellion --
Rise of the KCA --
Enter Jomo Kenyatta --
General Erskine\'s military solution --
The Cyprus rebellion --
The question of enosis --
The 1931 rebellion --
Makarios and Grivas --
Origin of EOKA --
Harding\'s negotiations --
Grivas\' critical analysis of British tactics --
The new Republic of Cyprus --
Fighting breaks out between Greeks and Turks --
The Turkish invasion --
The United Nations arranges a ceasefire --
Trouble in the Turkish Cypriot camp --
The Algerian crisis --
The 1945 riots --
Ahmed Ben Bella and the OS --
Belkacem Krim\'s guerrillas --
FLN emerges --
Soustelle\'s pacification strategy --
La guerre révolutionnaire --
The CNRA --
The battle of Algiers --
Jacques Massu and la guerre révolutionnaire --
The Morice Line --
Failure of the regroupment project --
The Constantine Plan --
French tactical adaption : the Challe Plan --
Origin of OAS --
Houari Boumedienne\'s coup --
Colonel Chadli Bendjedid\'s new government --
Rise of the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) --
The Cuban Revolution --
The Platt Amendment --
Gerardo Machado and the strong-man tradition --
The Batista era --
Enter Fidel Castro --
The 26th of July Movement --
Che Guevara joins --
Sanctuary in Sierra Maestra --
The Matthews interview --
Ambassador Smith --
Pact of the Sierra --
Eisenhower\'s arms embargo --
Operation Summer fails --
John Kennedy inherits a war --
General Lansdale\'s estimate of the situation --
Lynden Johnson\'s report --
Hawks versus doves --
The Staley Plan --
The Taylor mission --
Roger Hilsman dissents --
The People\'s Revolutionary Party (PRP) --
Hanoi\'s influence in the south --
Agit-prop techniques --
Viet Cong setbacks --
Disaster at Ap Bac --
ARVN failures --
Buddhist revolts --
Pentagon and CIA influence --
Guerrilla warfare and American armed forces --
Special Forces (the Green Berets) --
General Griffith\'s warning --
Nolting\'s and Harkins\' dream world --
Wishful thinking in Saigon --
The Hilsman-Forrestal report --
Pierre Salinger\'s warning --
McNamara\'s volte-face --
Enter President Lyndon Johnson --
Duong Van Minh\'s provisional government --
Nguyen Khanh --
Operation Plan 34A --
JCS hawks --
The Lodge plan : \"carrot and stick\" --
Seaborn\'s mission to Hanoi --
Hanoi hawks --
The Tonkin Gulf incident --
William Bundy\'s Congressional resolution --
General Taylor reports from Saigon --
Admiral Sharp\'s recommendations --
Douglas Pike\'s analysis --
Edward Lansdale\'s analysis --
The Bien Hoa attack --
John McNaughton\'s adjusted aims --
Rostow on power --
George Ball\'s doubts --
Tran Van Minh takes over --
McGeorge Bundy\'s memorandum --
The attack at Pleiku --
The White Paper --
Westmoreland demands more troops --
ARVN offensives --
The Thieu-Ky dictatorship --
Senator Fulbright\'s analysis --
Clifford and Mansfield\'s pessimism --
Johnson\'s intransigence --
Viet Cong setbacks --
American and ARVN gains --
Westmoreland\'s strategy --
Westmoreland\'s four wars --
American arms and equipment --
Army operations in the central highlands --
Westmoreland\'s \"spoiling\" tactics --
Operation Crazy Horse --
Marine operations in I corps area --
Walt\'s pacification program --
PAVN crosses the DMZ : Operation Hastings, Operation Prairie --
Operations in III corps area --
The \"other war\' : the honolulu conference --
Ky\'s revolutionary development program --
The Manila conference --
Failure of Operation Rolling Thunder (I) --
Shortcomings of attrition strategy and search-and-destroy tactics --
Russian and Chinese aid to the north --
The Jurassic dinosaur --
Operation Gibraltar --
Ia Drang --
the enemy learns --
Operation Attleboro --
Marshall and Hackworth\'s mission --
Operation of Paul Revere IV --
Colonels Henry Emerson and John Hayes define the tactical challenge --
Captain Miller\'s observations --
VC intelligence network --
Captain Jim Cooper\'s discovery --
The thoughts of James Gavin and George Kennan --
The secret thoughts of James Garvin and George Kennan --
The secret thoughts of Robert McNamara --
The hawks win again --
The February bombing halt --
Operation Cedar Falls --
Khe Sanh defended --
Ambassador Bunker and pacification --
South Vietnam\'s political progress --
John McNaughton : \"... a feeling is widely and strongly held that \'the establishment\' is out of its mind.\" --
MACV headquarters : \"Disneyland east\" --
Kromer\'s \"indicators\" --
Failure of land reform --
The Clifford mission --
Johnson\'s San Antonio offer --
Thwackum and Square --
The Pueblo fiasco --
The Tet offensive --
The Johnson-Westmoreland stand --
General Wheeler\'s report --
Dean Acheson --
Operation Phoenix : pros and cons --
Creighton Abrams takes command --
Government versus press : America --
the communications failure --
The Douhet theory --
Lessons of the Korean War --
Harrison Salisbury reports from the north --
Bombs and international dimplomacy --
Colonel David Hackworth\'s exrraordinary achievement --
Richard Nixon\'s promise --
Enter Henry Kissinger --
Le petit prince Norodom Sihanouk and Cambodian neutrality --
The Bowles mission --
Operation Menu --
Lieutneant colonel Herbert\'s changes --
Operation Dewey Canyon --
Operation Hamburger Hill --
ARVN\'s failure and Ben Het --
The hawks and the Hellespont --
Soedjatmoko speaks out --
Stalemate in Paris --
Kissinger\'s secret talks with Hanoi --
The Midway meeting --
The Clifford Plan --
Emergence of the PRG --
General Wheeler\'s stand --
The Nixon Doctrine --
CIA and special forces --
Averell Harriman out, Henry Cabot Lodge in --
Hi Chi Minh\'s death --
The Thompson report --
President Thieu\'s stand --
The Cambodian invasion --
ARVN in Cambodia --
PAVN\'s new threat --
Paris : peace plan versus peace plan --
The leaked CIA report --
Pacification in South Vietnam : fact versus fiction --
ARVN invades Laos : \"the golden opportunity\" --
Battlefied alchemy : disaster --
The Calley case --
Captain Daniels writes the President --
The Pentagon Papers --
Kissinger goes to China --
Yeoman Radford\'s busy camera --
Giap\'s spring offensive --
Henry Steele Commager\'s salvo --
Le Duc Tho\'s new peace plan --
Nixon and Watergate --
July 1976 : Premier Pham Van Dong\'s Socialist Republic of Vietnam --
Pol Pot\'s inhuman bloodbath in Kampuchea (Cambodia) --
Kampuchea and China versus Vietnam and Soviet Russia --
Kampuchea\'s new government : The People\'s Republic of Kampuchea --
Kampuchea\'s guerilla movements : Pol Pot and Khieu Samphan\'s Khmer Rouge ; Son Sann\'s Khmer People\'s National Liberation Front (KPNLF) --
Hun Sen\'s government moves toward the U.S. and China --
The elections of May 1993 --
Sihanouk is crowned king --
Prince Ranariddh\'s government THEN UNTIL NOW : A SURVEY --
The Latin American problem : poverty, guerrillas, and drug barons --
Venezuela\'s short insurgency --
The Guatemala experience --
Raúl Sendic\'s Tupamoros of Uruguay --
The Samoza dictatorship --
Birth of the Sandista Liberation Front (FSLN) --
The CIA and the Contras --
Daniel Ortega\'s Sandanista\'s --
Irangate --
1990 elections won by Violeta Barrios de Chamorro --
The hostage crisis --
Birth of the Brazilian insurgency --
Carlos Marighela\'s death --
Birth of the Argentinian insurgency --
Montoneros terrorist guerrilla defeat --
The Chilean scene : Allende and Pinochet --
Soviet Russia and Cuba end aid to the insurgents --
The background of revolution in El Salvador --
The National Coalition Party (PCN) in power --
José Napoleón Duarte\'s opposition party, the Democratic Nationalist Organization (ORDEN) --
War with Honduras --
Rise of the Communist guerrilla movement, the Fabundo Martí Popular Forces of Liberation (FPL) --
Formation of the Fabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) --
Rise of Roberto d\'Aubuisson Arrieta\'s ultr-right wing party, the National Republican Alliance (ARENA) --
The drug equation --
Cartel king Pablo Escobar Gaviría\'s imprisonment and escape --
Peruvian politics --
Rise of Abimael Guzmán Reynoso\'s terrorist guerrilla party, Sendero Luminoso (SL), or Shining Path --
Peru\'s economic decline --
Ireland divided by treaty --
The \"protestant ascendancy\" in Ulster --
The 1969 riots : Catholics versus protestants --
Bloody Friday --
The Hume-Adams talks --
The Major-Reynolds peace plan --
The Basque legacy --
Rise of the ETA --
The 1947 partition of PAlestine --
The birth of Israel in 1948 --
Arab league armies invade Israel and are defeated --
The Suez Canal fiasco and Israeli gains --
The rise of the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) --
The 1967 Six-Day war --
United Nations Resolution 242 --
1973 invasion of Israel --
The Camp David accords --
Yassar Arafat\'s defeat --
Israel expels Islamic Hamas guerrillas --
Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethopia toppled --
The Dergue\'s Marxist-oriented urban and rural guerrilla opposition --
The Eritrean challenge --
War in Ogaden province --
Soviet and Cuban military presence --
Lieutenant Colonel Mengistu Haile Mariam\'s regime --
1993 : independent Eritrea --
The divided Sudan : Moslem versus Christian --
The 1972 Addis Ababa accord --
Colonel Mohammed al-Numiery\'s rule --
John Garang\'s guerrilla army --
1990 Sudan : \"a human rights disaster\" --
Lieutenant General Hussan al-Bashir\'s Islamic government --
Pope John Paul II protests --
The western (Spanish) Sahara partitioned between Mauritania and Morocco --
Decision contested by the Popular Front for the Liberation of the Sequiet el-Hamra and Rio de Oro (Polisario) guerrillas --
Algerian-Libyan backed Polisarios force Mauritania from the war --
Reagan government backs Morocco --
The \"Hassan Wall\" --
Portuguese colonial rule in Africa --
Origin of the African National Council --
The Angoloan black uprising --
The rise of JonasSavimbi\'s NAtional Union for Complete Indepence of Angola (UNITA) --
The Liberation Front of Mozambique (FRELIMO) --
War between Agostinho Neto\'s Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), Helden Roberto\'s Popular Union of Angola (UPA --
later FNLA), and Savimbi\'s UNITA --
Rise of black nationalism in South West Africa (renamed Namibia in 1968) --
Sam Nujoma\'s South West African People\'s Organization (SWAPO) opend guerrilla campaign --
Pretoria and Washington\'s military and financial aid to UNITA --
Namibia wins independence --
Mozambique\'s war against Rhodesia and the Republic of South Africa --
Rhodesia becomes Marxist Zimbabwe --
Afghanistan old and new --
Prime Minister Mohammed Daud\'s rise and fall --
The Soviets install Nur Mohammed Taraki\'s Marxist government --
The jihad (holy war) declared by mujaheddin guerrillas --
Collapse of the Afghan army --
U.S. military aid to the mujaheddin --
The Mohammed Najibullah regime --
Mikhail Gorbachev pulls out --
Teh war continues : Gulbuddin Hakmatyar versus Ahmed Shah Massoud