دانلود کتاب Wellbore Integrity: From Theory to Practice

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Preface Contents About the Author Chapter 1: Introduction Two-Barrier Philosophy Risk Assessment Prescriptive vs. Performance-Based Regulation Technical Evolution of Well Integrity Unconventional Shale Reservoirs Geothermal Reservoirs Deepwater Drilling Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Carbon Dioxide Sequestration Concluding Remarks References Chapter 2: Well Integrity Assurance Well Barriers Casing Casing Setting Depth Selection Casing Grade Cement Plug Bump Density Compressive Strength Shale Packers Tubing Blowout Preventer Wellhead and Christmas Tree Tree Saver Safety Valve Surface Safety Valves Subsurface Safety Valves Gas Lift Valve Pneumatic Devices Pneumatic Controllers Pneumatic Pumps Fluid Migration Pathways References Chapter 3: Cement and Leakage of Cement Barriers Cement Fundamentals Cement Failure Chemical Corrosion Chemical Degradation Effects of Thermal and Mechanical Stresses on Cement Sheath Strength Retrogression Free Water Cement Bond Failure Modes Types of Cement Thixotropic Cement Foam Cement Expansive Cement Latex Cement Nanoengineered Cement Cement Additives Accelerators Retarders Density Control Weighting Materials Extenders Viscosity Control Dispersants Gelling Agents Fluid Loss Additives Lost Circulation Materials—Cements Other Types of Cement for Curing Lost Circulation Depleted Reservoirs Geothermal Reservoirs References Chapter 4: Field Operations: Requirements and Impacts Drilling Impacts Hydraulic Fracturing Impacts Production Impact Gas Lift Underground Natural Gas Storage Geological Carbon Sequestration Geothermal Wells Hydrogen Storage H2S Production Hydrate References Chapter 5: Diagnostic Methods: Integrity Tests Leakage Detection Methods Testing for SCP Cement Integrity Testing Leakage from Cement Plugs Fiber Optics Tracer Injection Atmospheric Measurements Reservoir Monitoring Seismic Monitoring Passive Seismic Monitoring Satellite Based References Chapter 6: Diagnostic Methods: Well Logging Methods Cement Bond Logs Evaluation Techniques Cement Bond Log (CBL) Description Cement Mapping Tools (CMTs) Ultrasonic Cement Evaluation Background Description Recent Developments Cased-Hole Logging Techniques Temperature Logging Nuclear Logging Noise Logging Oxygen Activation Log References Chapter 7: Integrity Assessment Through Numerical Simulations Stress Analysis Mechanical Earth Modeling Cement Failure Interfacial Failure Casing Failure Incorporating Uncertainties Finite-Element Methods Predictability of Various Models Analytical Solutions References Chapter 8: Elastomeric Sealing Assemblies Elastomers in Oil and Gas Industry Zonal Isolation Well Completion—Hydraulic Fracturing and Cementing Well Integrity Overview of Elastomer Types and Composition of Elastomers Properties and Testing of Elastomers Physical and Chemical Properties of Elastomers Temperature Hardness Compression Set Modulus Gas Permeability Abrasion Electrical Properties Chemical Endurance Aging Testing of Elastomers Hardness Volumetric Swelling Compression Set and Relaxation Failing Mechanisms of Elastomers Extrusion Damage Bonding Failure Nibbling Air Entrainment/Dieseling Bunching Chemical Degradation and Blistering Case Studies References Chapter 9: Remediation Techniques Squeeze Cementing Jobs Principles Slurry Design Operation Advances in Cement Design Squeeze Job Evaluation Casing Patches References Chapter 10: Well Plugging and Abandonment Introduction Operation Challenges for P&A Well Integrity Data Availability and Quality P&A Regulations Subsea Wells Geothermal Wells Plugging Materials Mechanical Plugs Nonmechanical Plugs Methods and Techniques Casing Cut Plug Setting Barrier Verification Physical Testing Risk Assessment Summary References Chapter 11: Integrity Assessment Through Experiments Cement Tests Compressive Strength Tensile Strength Nondestructive Sonic Determination of Compressive Strength of Cement Flexural Strength Shear Bond Strength Cement Ductility Cement Resiliency Relative Permeability of Set Cement to Liquid or Gas Soundness Test of Cement (Expansion and Shrinkage) Strength Retrogression Properties of Cement Slurry Rheological Properties Including Viscosity Consistency and Thickening Time Filtration Rate (Fluid-Loss Rate) Slurry Density Free Fluid Static Stability of Cement Slurry: Sedimentation Test Dynamic Stability of Cement Slurry Gel Strength Cement Bond Cement Corrosion Casing Wear Casing Erosion–Corrosion References Index