دانلود کتاب What Is Random?: Chance and Order in Mathematics and Life

فهرست مطالب :

[1]

The Taming of Chance 1
From Unpredictable to Lawful 2
Probability 9
Order in the Large 14
The Normal Law 18
Is It Random? 25
More About the Law of Large Numbers 30
Where We Stand Now 33

[2]

Uncertainty and Information 35
Messages and Information 36
Entropy 40
Messages, Codes, and Entropy 44
Approximate Entropy 53
Again, Is It Random? 58
The Perception of Randomness 62

[3]

Janus-Faced Randomness 65
Is Determinism an Illusion? 66
Generating Randomness 77
Janus and the Demons 82

[4]

Algorithms, Information, and Chance 91
Algorithmic Randomness 92
Algorithmic Complexity and Undecidability 102
Algorithmic Probability 109

[5]

The Edge of Randomness 117
Between Order and Disorder 118
Self-Similarity and Complexity 129
What Good is Randomness? 143

Sources and Further Readings 145
Technical Notes 153
Appendix A: Geometric Sums 179
Appendix B: Binary Numbers 183
Appendix C: Logarithims 189
References 191
Index 197