دانلود کتاب Wittgenstein: Rules, Grammar and Necessity: of an Analytical Commentary on the Philosophical Investigations, Essays and Exegesis 185-242

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Wittgenstein: Rules, Grammar and Necessity......Page 2
Contents......Page 10
Acknowledgements......Page 13
Introduction to Volume 2......Page 15
Abbreviations......Page 19
ANALYTICAL COMMENTARY......Page 24
1. The continuation of the Early Draft into philosophy of mathematics......Page 26
2. Hidden isomorphism......Page 30
3. A common methodology......Page 35
4. The flatness of philosophical grammar......Page 42
FOLLOWING A RULE §§185-242......Page 46
Introduction to the exegesis......Page 48
1. The Tractatus and rules of logical syntax......Page 64
2. From logical syntax to philosophical grammar......Page 66
3. Rules and rule-formulations......Page 69
4. Philosophy and grammar......Page 78
5. The scope of grammar......Page 82
6. Some morals......Page 88
EXEGESIS §§185-8......Page 91
1. Initial compass bearings......Page 104
2. Accord and the harmony between language and reality......Page 106
3. Rules of inference and logical machinery......Page 111
4. Formulations and explanations of rules by examples......Page 113
5. Interpretations, fitting and grammar......Page 116
6. Further misunderstandings......Page 118
EXEGESIS §§189-202......Page 121
1. Following a rule......Page 158
2. Practices and techniques......Page 163
3. Doing the right thing and doing the same thing......Page 168
4. Privacy and the community view......Page 172
5. On not digging below bedrock......Page 179
1. Is a language necessarily shared with a community of speakers?......Page 180
2. Innate knowledge of a language......Page 181
3. Robinson Crusoe sails again......Page 183
4. Solitary cavemen and monologuists......Page 186
5. Private languages and 'private languages'......Page 188
6. Overview......Page 189
EXEGESIS §§203-37......Page 192
1. The scaffolding of facts......Page 234
2. The role of our nature......Page 238
3. Forms of life......Page 241
4. Agreement: consensus of human beings and their actions......Page 246
EXEGESIS §§238-42......Page 254
1. Setting the stage......Page 264
2. Leitmotifs......Page 268
3. External guidelines......Page 281
4. Necessary propositions and norms of representation......Page 285
5. Concerning the truth and falsehood of necessary propositions......Page 293
6. What necessary truths are about......Page 303
7. Illusions of correspondence: ideal objects, kinds of reality and ultra-physics......Page 306
(i) Knowledge......Page 312
(ii) Belief......Page 314
(iii) Certainty......Page 317
(iv) Surprise......Page 321
(v) Discoveries and conjectures......Page 323
(vi) Compulsion......Page 328
9. Propositions of logic and laws of thought......Page 331
10. Alternative forms of representation......Page 343
11. The arbitrariness of grammar......Page 355
12. A kinship to the non-arbitrary......Page 361
13. Proof in mathematics......Page 368
14. Conventionalism......Page 379
Index......Page 394