دانلود کتاب Women's Ritual in Formative Oaxaca: Figure-making, Divination, Death and the Ancestors

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Contents\nList of Tables\nList of Illustrations\nAcknowledgments\nChapter 1. Introduction\n The Early and Middle Formative Periods: 1800-500 b.c.\n Village Ritual\n Figurines\n The Context of Oaxaca\'s Figurines\n Other Rituals\n Possible Contributions to Gender Studies\n The Message of This Volume\nChapter 2. The Context of Women\'s Ritual Items during the Formative\n Research Design\n The Household: Archaeological Manifestations\nChapter 3. Women\'s Ritual: Insights from the Ethnohistoric Record\n The Three Components of Ritual\n The Role of Zapotec Women in Divination\n Evidence for Water Divination in the Early Formative\n The Involvement of Zapotec Women with Recent Ancestors\nChapter 4. Women\'s Ritual: Insights from the Ethnographic Record\n Ancestor Ritual\n The Concept of Facelessness\n Geneonymy\n Was There Such a Thing as \"Ancestor Worship\"?\n \"Recent\" vs \"Remote\" Ancestors\n Social Evolution and the Ancestors\n Why Were Ancestors Not Shown as \"Old\"?\n What Are We to Make of Animal Figurines?\n Summary\nChapter 5. Formative Ancestor Ritual: A Framework Based on Both Zapotec Ethnohistory and World Ethnography\n Whole Figurines in Burials\n Figurines in Formative Burials from Outside the Valley of Oaxaca\n Large Hollow White-slipped \"Dolls\"\n Summary\nChapter 6. The Social Information in Figurine Hairstyles\n Nahua (Aztec) Hairdos\n Mixtec Hairdos\n Zapotec Hairdos\n Ethnohistoric and Ethnographic Hairstyles: A Summary\n Some Common Terms Used for Formative Hairstyles\nChapter 7. The Origins of Figurine-making in the Mexican Highlands\n The Earliest Figurine from the Valley of Oaxaca\n Summary\nChapter 8. Chronological Change in Oaxaca\'s Formative Figurines\n Previous Figurine Typologies\n Prior Work on Valley of Oaxaca Figurines\n Attributes of Tierras Largas Phase Figurines (1400-1150 b.c.)\n Attributes of San José Phase Figurines (1150-850 b.c.)\n Attributes of Guadalupe Phase Figurines (850-700 b.c.)\n Attributes of Rosario Phase Figurines (700-500 b.c.)\n Attributes of Monte Albán I Figurines (500-200 b.c.)\nChapter 9. The Tierras Largas Phase and the Spatial Separation of Men\'s and Women\'s Ritual\n Figurines from Tierras Largas Phase Houses, Features, and Middens\n San Jose Mogote, Area C\n A Household in Area B San Jose Mogote\n Households at the Tierras Largas Site\n Tierras Largas Site, Feature 100\nChapter 10. An Introduction to San José Phase Figurines: Plácido\'s Midden\n Plácido\'s Midden\n Heads with Slit Eyes\n Heads with Two-Ploughing-Stroke Eyes, Hair Parted in the Middle\n Heads with Two-Ploughing-Stroke Eyes, Possible Hair Bun/Zulu Knot Poking Out above Cloth Wrap\n Heads with Two-Ploughing-Stroke Eyes, Two Hair BunslZulu Knots Poking Out above Cloth Wrap\n Heads with Two-Ploughing-Stroke Eyes, Wearing Turbans\n Heads with Two-Ploughing-Stroke Eyes, Headbands or Cords Used to Hold Hair\n Heads with Two-Ploughing-Stroke Eyes, Bangs, and Hair Tied in 1-2 Buns\n Heads with Pinhole-Pupil Eyes, Three Holes Punched in Hair\n Heads with Large Punched Pupils, Wearing Turbans\n \"Tonsured Caciques\"\n Costumed Figures with \"Third Leg\" Supports\n \"Hatchet-face\" Figurines\n Heads with Puffy Cheeks\n \"Singers\" or \"Chanters\"\n Unusual Figurines\n Torsos from Slender, Non-Pregnant Women\n Pregnant Torsos\n Microtorsos\n Seated Torsos\n Stray Arms\n Stray Legs\n \"House Dedication\" Figurines\n Animal Figurines\n Large Hollow White-Slipped Dolls\n Crude, Inexpertly Made Figurines\n Pottery Masks\nChapter 11. Area C of San José Mogote: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Contexts\n Eight Houses from Area C, San José Mogote\n Two Middens from Area C\n A Tertiary Context: The Area C Master Profile\nChapter 12. Area A of San José Mogote: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Contexts\n Four Households from Area A\n A Secondary Context: The Zone D Midden\n A Low-Status Residence: House 13\n Tertiary Contexts In Area A\n The Earthen Fill of Structure 1\n Comment on Structure 1 Fill\n Cutting the Area A Profile\nChapter 13. Area B of San José Mogote: A Household with a Figurine Scene\n House 17\n House 16\n Pottery Masks from House 16 Area\n Feature 63\n The Dooryard of Houses 16-17\n Pits in Bedrock Below House 17\n Comments on Houses 16-17 and the Lower Terrace\n The Upper Terrace\nChapter 14. San José Phase Households at the Site of Tierras Largas\n Household ESJ-1, Area B\n Household LSI-I, Area A\n Household Unit LSJ-2\n Tertiary Contexts at the site of Tierras Largas\nChapter 15. San José Phase Proveniences at Huitzo, Abasolo, and Tomaltepec\n Figurines from the Fill of Structure 4, Barrio del Rosario Huitzo\n Figurines from the Fill of Structure 2, Barrio del Rosario Huitzo\n Operation A of San Sebastián Abasolo\n Area B of San Sebastián Abasolo\n Santo Domingo Tomaltepec\n The Tomaltepec Cemetery\nChapter 16. Guadalupe Phase Proveniences\n Primary Contexts at San José Mogote\n Tertiary Contexts at San José Mogote\n Primary Contexts at Huitzo\n Secondary Contexts at Huitzo\n Tertiary Contexts at Huitzo\n Household Unit G-3 at the Site of Tierras Largas\n Guadalupe Phase Figurines from Miscellaneous Proveniences at Tierras Largas\n Households and Middens at Fábrica San José\n Figurines from San Sebastián Abasolo\nChapter 17. The Rosario Phase: Emerging Differences in Ritual between Elite and Low-Status Families\n Changes in Ritual\n Elite Households from San José Mogote\n Rosario Phase Household Units from Fábrica San José\n Secondary Contexts: Rosario Phase Middens at Fábrica San José\n Tertiary Contexts at Fábrica San José\n Disturbed Rosario Phase Household Units at San José Mogote\n Tertiary Contexts at San José Mogote\n A Tertiary Context at San Sebastián Abasolo\nChapter 18. Epilogue: Monte Albán I and Beyond\n Changes in Ritual\n Monte Albán I Figurines from San José Mogote\n Late Monte Albán I Figurines and Ceramic Effigies from Santo Domingo Tomaltepec\n Epilogue\nChapter 19. Women\'s Ritual: Summary and Conclusions\n What was the role of women in Formative ritual?\n Where did women conduct rites of divination?\n What do the small solid figurines so common in the Formative period represent?\n Who made the small solid figurines?\n Why are so many of the small solid figurines female?\n If the figurines are ancestors, why don\'t they look old?\n Why were there also figurines of dogs and birds?\n What about large hollow white-slipped dolls?\n Why were there so many thousands of small solid figurines?\n When figurines are discovered whole and intact, where are they?\n Why are so many figurines broken - is it by accident or design?\n Why are figurines made of fired clay, rather than other materials?\n Why did figurine makers focus so much attention on hairstyles?\n What can we tell from the ornaments on figurines?\n What do different eye types mean?\n When do we see the greatest diversity in figurines, and why?\n Why do small solid figurines appear when they do, and disappear when they do, in the archaeological record?\n What form should future studies of Formative women\'s ritual take?\nChapter 20. Resumen en Español, by María de los Angeles Romero Frizzi\nReferences Cited\nIndex