دانلود کتاب Wörterbücher / Dictionaries / Dictionnaires. Supplementary Volume Dictionaries. An International Encyclopedia of Lexicography: Supplementary Volume: Recent Developments with Focus on Electronic and Computational Lexicography

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Preface\nI. Dictionaries in modern society: Current status and perspectives\n 1. Lexicography through the ages: From the early beginnings to the electronic age\n 2. The impact of computational lexicography\nII. New developments in lexicographic theory I: Textual structures\n 3. Textual structures in printed dictionaries: An overview\n 4. Macrostructures in printed dictionaries\n 5. Access structures in printed dictionaries\n 6. Microstructures in printed dictionaries\n 7. Mediostructures in printed dictionaries\n 8. Textual architectures in printed dictionaries\n 9. Addressing and addressing structures in printed dictionaries\n 10. Types of dictionary articles in printed dictionaries\nIII. New developments in lexicographic theory II: Dictionary types and functions\n 11. Textual structures in electronic dicitionaries\n 12. Mixed dictionary genres\n 13. Dictionary of language contact\n 14. Newdevelopments in learners’ dictionaries I: English and French\n 15. New developments in learners’ dictionaries II: German\n 16. New developments in learners’ dictionaries III: Bilingual learners’ dictionaries\n 17. New developments in lexicography for special purposes I: An overview of linguistic dictionaries\n 18. New developments in lexicography for special purposes II: An overview of dictionaries of lexicography\n 19. Lexicographic functions\nIV. New developments in lexicographic theory III: Selected dictionary subjects\n 20. The treatment of culture-bound items in dictionaries\n 21. The treatment of sensitive items in dictionaries\n 22. The treatment of meaning in dictionaries and prototype theory\n 23. The concept of semiotaxis\n 24. New tendencies in the treatment of collocations\n 25. New developments in the selection of examples\nV. New developments in lexicographic theory IV: Research in dictionary production and use\n 26. The lexicographical process (with special focus on online dictionaries)\n 27. Theory of dictionary management\n 28. Empirical research into dictionary use since 1990\n 29. Methods in the research of dictionary use\n 30. The concept of simultaneous feedback\n 31. User research in the field of electronic dictionaries: Methods, first results, proposals\nVI. New developments in lexicographic and metalexicographic organisation\n 32. Lexicographic training: An overview\n 33. Establishing lexicography units\n 34. Lexicographic associations\n 35. Evaluation of dictionaries\n 36. Aids in metalexicographic research\nVII. New developments in the lexicography of individual languages since 1990 I: The ancient languages of the Near East and the classical languages\n 37. The ancient languages of the Near East\n 38. The ancient languages of Greek and Latin\nVIII. New developments in the lexicography of individual languages since 1990 II: The Romance languages\n 39. Iberoromance I: Historical and etymological lexicography\n 40. Iberoromance II: Synchronic lexicography\n 41. Gallo-Romance I: Historical and etymological lexicography\n 42. Gallo-Romance II: Synchronic lexicography\n 43. Italian\n 44. Romanian\nIX. New developments in the lexicography of individual languages since 1990 III: The Germanic languages\n 45. Scandinavian languages\n 46. English and American I: Historical and etymological lexicography\n 47. English and American II: Synchronic lexicography\n 48. German I: Historical and etymological lexicography\n 49. German II: Synchronic lexicography\n 50. New developments in Dutch lexicography from 1990 onwards\n 51. Aspects of Afrikaans lexicography\nX. New developments in the lexicography of individual languages since 1990 IV: The Slavic languages\n 52. East Slavic languages\n 53. South Slavic languages\n 54. West Slavic languages\nXI. Lexicography of selected Asian languages\n 55. Arabic lexicography\n 56. Chinese lexicography\n 57. Japanese lexicography\n 58. Korean lexicography\nXII. Lexicography of selected African languages\n 59. Lexicography of the Nguni language\n 60. Lexicography of the Sotho languages\n 61. Lexicography of Shona\n 62. Lexicography of the languages of Central Africa\n 63. Lexicography of Fang\n 64. Lexicography of the languages of Western Africa\nXIII. The history of computational lexicography\n 65. The early history of computational lexicography: The 1950s and 1960s\n 66. Computational lexicography and corpus linguistics until ca 1970/1980\nXIV. Typology of electronic dictionaries I: Electronic dictionaries for human use\n 67. Design criteria and ‘added value’ of electronic dictionaries for human users\n 68. Monolingual and bilingual electronic dictionaries on the Internet\n 69. Dictionary portals\n 70. Electronic pedagogical dictionaries\n 71. Context-sensitive look-up in electronic dictionaries\n 72. Large-scale documentary dictionaries on the Internet\n 73. Electronic Encyclopedias\n 74. Combined products: Dictionary and corpus\nXV. Typology of electronic dictionaries II: Electronic dictionaries for machine use\n 75. Electronic dictionaries for speech recognition, for its applications and for speech synthesis\n 76. Electronic dictionaries for text processing and correction systems\n 77. Electronic language resources for information retrieval, information extraction and text mining\n 78. Electronic dictionaries for computer-assisted language learning\n 79. Electronic dictionaries for question answering and natural language database access\n 80. Electronic dictionaries for Natural Language Generation\n 81. Electronic dictionaries for Machine Translation and Machine-aided Translation\n 82. Generic dictionaries for multiple uses in NLP\nXVI. Models for the representation of dictionaries: The form aspect 83. Representing human and machine dictionaries in markup languages (SGML, XML)\n 84. Representing computational dictionaries in relational databases\n 85. Representing computational dictionaries in feature structure-based representation formalisms and typed feature logic\n 86. Representing computational dictionaries in AI-oriented knowledge representation formalisms\n 87. Representing (computational) dictionaries in hypertextual form\n 88. Representing computational dictionaries in dedicated formalisms: DATR, Word Manager\n 89. Standardization of the formal representation of lexical information for Natural Language Processing\nXVII. Models for the representation of linguistic data in electronic dictionaries: The content aspect\n 90. Coding word formation morphology in computational dictionaries\n 91. Coding syntactic properties of words in computational dictionaries\n 92. Coding semantic properties of words in computational dictionaries\n 93. WordNet: Principles, developments and applications\n 94. The FrameNet approach to relating syntax and semantics\n 95. Metadata description for lexicons\nXVIII.Computer-based dictionary making I: Acquisition of lexical data from corpora – corpus design\n 96. Criteria for the design of corpora for monolingual lexicography\n 97. The utilization of bilingual corpora for the creation of bilingual dictionaries\n 98. Large corpora designed for lexicographic work\n 99. The World Wide Web as a resource for lexicography\nXIX. Computer-based dictionary making II: Acquisition of lexical data from corpora and machine readable dictionaries – tools and procedures\n 100. Corpus pre-processing for lexicography\n 101. Tools to support the design of a macrostructure\n 102. Corpus Query Tools for lexicography\n 103. Tools and procedures for the acquisition of morphological and syntactic information from corpora\n 104. Tools for the acquisition of lexical combinatorics\n 105. Tools for lexicographic use of parallel and comparable corpora\n 106. Reversal of bilingual dictionaries\n 107. Workbenches for corpus-based lexicography\nXX. Computational terminography\n 108. Models for the representation of terminological data on the computer: Terminological databases · Felix Mayer\n 109. Large terminological databases · Marie-Claude L’Homme\n 110. Approaches to the acquisition of terminological data from text\nIndex of Subjects\nIndex of Names