توضیحاتی در مورد کتاب :
مایا کلاسیک مدتهاست که دانشمندان را با مشکلات آزار دهنده ارائه می دهد. یکی از طولانی ترین دویدن و بحث برانگیزترین اینها و منبع تفسیرهای عمیق قطبی ، سازمان سیاسی آنها بوده است. سیمون مارتین با استفاده از کتیبه های کشف شده اخیراً و یافته های باستان شناسی تازه ، استدلال می کند که این بحث خاص را می توان استراحت کرد. وی در تلاش برای پاسخ به یک سؤال ساده ، تجزیه و تحلیل مجدد جامع از این موضوع را ارائه می دهد: چگونه بسیاری از پادشاهی های کوچک برای حدود ششصد سال زنده ماندند بدون اینکه در کشورهای بزرگتر یا امپراطوری قرار بگیرند؟ مارتین با استفاده از رویکردهای مقایسه ای و نظری که قبلاً ناشناخته بود ، مکانیسم هایی را ارائه می دهد که یک "تعادل پویا" را در یک سیستم حفظ می کند که به بهترین وجه به عنوان مجموعه ای از سیاست های فردی بلکه یک کل تعاملی درک می شود. مطالعات مایا با تولد دوباره به عنوان باستان شناسی تاریخی تحت حمایت متن ، وارد مرحله جدیدی شده است که قادر به ساختن یک انسان شناسی سیاسی به همان اندازه قوی است که ما برای جهان باستان داریم.
فهرست مطالب :
Cover
Half-title
Title page
Copyright information
Dedication
Contents
List of Illustrations
List of Maps
List of Tables
List of Case studies
Preface
One Introduction: The Questions
Structure of the Book
Part I Agendas in Classic Maya Politics
Two Modelling the Maya
Conquerors and Clerics, 1502–1820
Pioneers, Savants, and Scholars, 1820–1930
A Tropical Arcadia, 1930–1950
The Pragmatists, 1950–1970
Of Maps and Models, 1970–1990
Into the Black Box, 1990–Present
Three On Archaeopolitics
Abandoning the State
The Recursive Turn
A Complex World
Four Worlds in Words
Two Ways of Knowing
Who Made This Text and Why?
The Nature of Maya Texts
The Relevance and Veracity of Maya Texts
Maya Texts as Patrimonial Rhetoric
Theorising the Event
Part II Epigraphic Data on Classic Maya Politics
Five Identity
Royal Titles
Ajaw
Kaloomte'
Baahkab
Noble Titles
Sajal
Ajk'uhuun
Ti'huun/Ti'sakhuun
Yajawk'ahk'
Lakam
Baahtz'am
''Banded Bird''
Case Study 1: Bones in the West
Case Study 2: The Rise of a Sajal at Bonampak/Lacanha
Case Study 3: Ranking the Nobility
Six Constitution
The Royal Cycle
Heirs and Eligibility
Interregna
Succession
Foundations
Hul, ''To Arrive''
Pat, ''To Form''
Kaj, ''To Settle''
Case Study 4: Fraternal Succession at Palenque
Case Study 5: Erasing the Past in the Yaxchilan ''Interregnum''
Case Study 6: On the Trail of the Serpent Kings
Seven Transcendence
Divinity and Kingship
Divine Things
Engaging the Gods
Lords of Time
Ancestors Above and Below
Patron Gods and Patron Ancestors
Royal Prototypes
Effigies and Embodiments
Gods' Houses
Patrons of War
Shifting and Adding Patrons
Case Study 7: Patron Maize Dancers
Case Study 8: Giant Effigies at Tikal
Eight Matrimony
Identifying Marriage
Genealogies
''His/Her Spouse''
Here Comes the Bride
Nuptial Ceremonies
Marital Iconography
Polygyny and Its Effects
Strategic Dimensions of Marriage
Exogamous Marriages
Endogamous Marriages
Case Study 9: Snake Ladies at La Corona
Case Study 10: Marriage Strategies at Yaxchilan
Nine Conflict
Warfare in Classic Maya Studies
Maya Warfare in the Material Record
Words of War
Chuk, ''To Seize, Tie-up''
Star war ''?''
Ch'ak, ''To Damage, Attack''
Jub, ''To Take/Knock Down''
Pul, ''To Burn''
Other War Verbs
Statistical Analysis of Maya Warfare
Previous Statistical Work
Variation over the Classic Period
Conceptual Factors
Practical Factors
Interpreting Classic Maya Warfare
Scale and Frequency
Aims and Outcomes
Case Study 11: War and Exile on the Stairways of Dos Pilas
Ten Hierarchy
Relationships of Rank
Supervision
Oversight
Witnessing
Possession
Hierarchy and Historical Process
Hierarchy in the Early Classic Period, 300-600 CE
Hierarchy in the Late Classic Period, 600-900 CE
Case Study 12: The Contest For Eastern Tabasco, 659-692 CE
Case Study 13: Tonina's Campaigns in the Lacandon, 692-702 CE
Case Study 14: Naranjo's Patronage Over Defeated Polities, 698-713 CE
Eleven Coda
Climate and the Collapse
A Chronology of Crisis
A Northern Renaissance
Turbulence and Transformation in the Heartlands
Reading the Ninth Century
The Challenge of Interpretation
Part III A Political Anthropology for the Classic Maya
Twelve Classic Maya Networks
Ways and Means
Mapping the System
Networks in a Complex World
Hubs and Small Worlds
Cascades and Traumas
Thirteen Defining Classic Maya Political Culture
King and Cohort
Dynasty and Landscape
Engagements
Asymmetries of Power
Fourteen Hegemony in Practice and Theory
Hegemony from a Global Perspective
Fiji, 1750-1874 CE
Ireland, 400-1169 CE
India, 750-1250 CE
Greece, 750-338 BCE
The Logics of Political Division
The Nature of Multi-Polity Systems
Sovereignty, Autonomy, and Hegemony
A Balance of Power
Hegemonic Theory and the Classic Maya
Fifteen Summary and Conclusions: A Society of Kings
Synchrony
Diachrony
Final Thoughts
Appendix An Inventory of Emblem Glyphs
Notes
2 Modelling the Maya
3 On Archaeopolitics
4 Worlds in Words
5 Identity
6 Constitution
7 Transcendence
8 Matrimony
9 Conflict
10 Hierarchy
11 Coda
12 Classic Maya Networks
13 Defining Classic Maya Political Culture
14 Hegemony in Practice and Theory
References
Index
توضیحاتی در مورد کتاب به زبان اصلی :
The Classic Maya have long presented scholars with vexing problems. One of the longest running and most contested of these, and the source of deeply polarized interpretations, has been their political organization. Using recently deciphered inscriptions and fresh archaeological finds, Simon Martin argues that this particular debate can be laid to rest. He offers a comprehensive re-analysis of the issue in an effort to answer a simple question: how did a multitude of small kingdoms survive for some six hundred years without being subsumed within larger states or empires? Using previously unexploited comparative and theoretical approaches, Martin suggests mechanisms that maintained a 'dynamic equilibrium' within a system best understood not as an array of individual polities but an interactive whole. With its rebirth as text-backed historical archaeology, Maya studies has entered a new phase, one capable of building a political anthropology as robust as any other we have for the ancient world.