دانلود کتاب English Language Education in China, Japan, and Singapore

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BookmarkTitle:......Page 9
Abbreviations and Acronyms......Page 11
Foreword......Page 13
BookmarkTitle:......Page 14
Editor’s Introduction......Page 15
Singapore......Page 19
Introduction......Page 21
The Education System and Its Administration......Page 22
Figure 1.1 The regular education system of the PRC......Page 24
Figure 1.2 Structure of Educational Administration......Page 27
A Profile of English Learners at Various Levels of Education......Page 28
Table 1.1 Statistics of the regular educational system, 1999......Page 29
Table 1.2 Major objectives for junior secondary English, 1992 syllabus......Page 30
Table 1.3 Major objectives for senior secondary English, 1993 syllabus......Page 32
A Brief History of ELT in the PRC......Page 34
The Soviet Influence (1949-1956)......Page 35
Experimentation with Socialist Education (1957-1965)......Page 36
Opening up and Modernization (1977-1985)......Page 37
Educational Reform (1986 onwards)......Page 38
Unified English Syllabuses......Page 39
Influential Teaching Methodologies......Page 46
Chinese Culture of Learning......Page 51
Social, Economic and Infrastructural Factors......Page 57
Teacher......Page 61
Table 1.6 Academic qualifications of primary and secondary teachers, 1999......Page 62
Table 1.8 Academic qualifications of secondary English teachers in Shanghai......Page 63
Table 1.9 Curriculum for English majors in three-year teachers’ colleges......Page 65
Table 1.10 Level Four requirements for English majors......Page 66
Table 1.11 Level Six requirements for English majors......Page 67
Recent Important Developments......Page 71
Curriculum Reform......Page 72
New Textbooks......Page 74
Test Reforms......Page 76
Research on ELT......Page 80
References......Page 82
Tokyo, Japan......Page 97
The Population and the Language Situation in Japan......Page 99
A Brief History of English Education in Japan......Page 100
Table 2.1 Increases in enrollment at different stages of education, by proportion of age group......Page 102
Figure 2.2 Post-secondary enrollment advances......Page 103
Junior High School English Education......Page 105
Year......Page 106
University English Courses......Page 107
Teacher Training Programs and Teacher Qualifications......Page 108
Current Issues of English Education in Japan......Page 109
Table 2.3 Years of English education in Asian countries......Page 110
Acknowledgements......Page 111
References......Page 112
Appendix A: Total Number of Educational Institutions, Students and Teachers (1995)......Page 114
Appendix B: TOEFL Scores in Asian Countries......Page 115
Nanyang Technological University......Page 117
Historical Background and Demographics......Page 119
Figure 3.1 Population growth, 1924-2000......Page 120
Table 3.2 Bi- and multilingual literacy in Singapore, 1990 and 2000......Page 121
Language Policy: Historical Overview......Page 122
Table 3.3 Enrollment in streams of education in 1950......Page 123
Development of a Bilingual Policy......Page 125
Bonding a Nation: Language, Education, and Economy......Page 127
1946-1965......Page 130
Table 3.4 Changes in school enrollment, 1964 and 1974......Page 131
1979-1984......Page 133
The New Educational System and Streaming......Page 134
Figure 3.3. The new education system......Page 136
1985-1991......Page 137
1991-2000......Page 138
Economic and Educational Links......Page 139
Educational Development......Page 140
Employment, Literacy, and Education......Page 143
Language Planning in Singapore......Page 144
Language Shift and Language Maintenance......Page 145
Table 3.6 English as language most frequently used at home, by ethnic group......Page 146
Indians......Page 147
Table 3.8 Religion and socioeconomic status, 1980......Page 148
Table 3.10 Typical verbal repertoire of a Singapore Chinese undergraduate, 1990......Page 149
Language Shift and Language Choice: A Teochew Community Example......Page 150
Speaker......Page 151
Campaigning for Language Change......Page 153
Educational Expenditure and Economic Returns......Page 159
Figure 3.6 Shortfall in educated workers......Page 161
The Domain of English Users......Page 162
Thinking Schools, Learning Nation......Page 163
English Language Syllabus 2001......Page 166
Figure 3.7 Language use model for EL Syllabus 2000......Page 167
School of Life-Long Learning......Page 168
Continuing Issues......Page 169
Acknowledgements......Page 171
References......Page 172
Appendix A: Influential Education Reports......Page 181
Appendix B: Useful Websites......Page 182
Description of the Current Singapore Educational System......Page 183
Figure 3.8 Overview of the Singapore educational system......Page 184
Numbers and Categories......Page 186
The Current Role of the Ministry of Education......Page 187