دانلود کتاب Foundations and Opportunities of Biometrics: An Introduction to Technology, Applications, and Responsibilities

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Table of Contents
About the Authors
About the Technical Reviewer
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Part I: Laying the Foundation
Chapter 1: The Growing Use of Biometrics
Biometrics in Film and Literature
Fingerprint Analysis
Facial Recognition
Voice Identification and Analysis
Iris and Retina Scan
First Uses of Biometrics
Early Historical Use
Use in Recent History
Biometrics in Our Lives Today
Where We Encounter Biometrics
Cameras in Public Spaces
Purpose of Cameras in Public Spaces
Personal Devices
Biometrics at Home
Video-Enabled Doorbells
Smart Devices
How Biometrics Became So Ubiquitous
It Starts with the Sensors
Processing Power Is More Readily Available
Bandwidth and Connectivity
Summary
Chapter 2: What Are Biometrics?
What Is Biometric Data?
Traits and Features
What Is Biometric Data Used For?
Types of Problems Solved Using Biometrics
Who Are You?
One to One Matching
One to Many
Many to One
How Are You?
Personal Record Keeping
Medical Analysis
Sentiment Analysis
Are You Real?
Identifying the Problem Being Addressed
The Journey of Biometric Data
Signal Acquisition (Collection)
Signal Processing and Feature Extraction
Data Storage
Comparison and Matching
Decision-Making
Action
Adaption
Summary
Chapter 3: Adversarial Behavior—Attack and Defense
Attacks—Bad Actions
Make Bad Actions More Expensive
Time—Expertise—Equipment
General Types of Attacks
Artificial Intelligence (AI) to Attack Biometrics
Examples of Attacks Against Biometrics
Stolen Biometric Data
Artificially Created Information
Potential Future Threats
Defense
Layered Approach
Liveness
The Utopia to Keep Biometrics Secret
Goal to Check for Liveness
Unimodal
Multimodal
Active Liveness
Passive Liveness
Summary
Part II: Sources of Biometric Signals
Chapter 4: Physiological Characteristics
Fingerprints
What Are They?
What Are Some Benefits and Drawbacks of Using Fingerprints?
In What Contexts Are They Used?
How Does It Work?
Interesting Details About Fingerprints
Iris
What Are They?
In What Contexts Are They Used?
How Does It Work?
Interesting Details About Irises
Retina
What Are They?
In What Contexts Are They Used?
How Does It Work?
DNA
What Is It?
In What Contexts Is It Used?
How Does It Work?
Interesting Details About DNA
Summary
Chapter 5: Variable Human Characteristics—Face
What Characteristics Make the Face a Suitable Biometric Trait?
In What Contexts Are They Used?
How Does It Work?
Strengths and Weaknesses of Facial biometrics
Strengths of Facial Biometrics
Weaknesses of Facial Biometrics
Search Engines for Faces
Face Search for Law Enforcement
Face Search for Consumers
Accuracy and False Positives
Good Intentions
Summary
Chapter 6: Behavioral Characteristics
Typing Patterns
How Does It Work?
In What Contexts Are They Used?
Limitations
Privacy and Legal Risks
Walking Patterns/Gait Recognition
How Does It Work?
Limitations
In What Contexts Are They Used?
Other Movement and Behavior
Detection of Device Possession Change
Concept Drift
Prevalence of Use
Summary
Chapter 7: Voice
What Characteristics Make Voice a Suitable Biometric Trait?
How Voice Is Captured
Strengths and Weaknesses
Strengths
Weaknesses
In What Contexts Are They Used?
Smart Speakers
Environmental Factors
How Does the Aging Voice Impact Its Use as a Biometric Signal?
Risks and Attack Methods
Summary
Part III: Critical Analysis
Chapter 8: How Do We Judge Accuracy?
What Does It Mean to Be Correct?
What Is an Error?
Sensitivity
Specificity
Type I and Type II Errors
Performance of Various Methods
The Layers of Quality
The Difficulty of Comparing Biometrics
Fingerprint
Voice Recognition
Facial Recognition
Summary
Chapter 9: Challenges and Responsibilities
Matching of Biometrics Is Probabilistic in Nature
Consequences of Errors
Identify the Risk of Getting It Wrong
Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
Decision Analysis/Decision Trees
Statistical Significance and Confidence Intervals
Monte Carlo Simulations
Scenario Planning
Are Biometrics the End of Privacy?
It Depends
Common Concerns About Privacy
Situational Compartmentalization
Racial Bias in Biometrics
It’s Not Just the Technology
Lack of Diversity in Training Data
Consent to Collect Biometric Data for Training Purposes
Accessibility
Risks of Collecting and Storing Data
Responsibilities
Gather Informed Consent and Provide Transparency
Prioritize Data Security and Privacy
Ensure Accuracy
Limit to Ethically Defensible Use
Compliance and Legal Considerations
Accountability and User Education
Summary
Chapter 10: Usability and Practicality
How Usable Is the Product?
Availability: Do People Have Access to the Technology They Need?
Practicality
Environment
Let There Be Light (or Not)
Noise
Clothing
Did You Know?
Usability
Every Terminal Is Different
Using Common User Experience Patterns
Example Scenario: Replace a PIN with a Fingerprint
Intent
Showing and Detecting Intent
Unlocking a Smartphone
Approving a Payment
Difficulty of Showing and Assessing Intent
Home Assistants with Displays
Terminals with Face Recognition in Public Places
Lack of Intent
Reasonable Expectations
Summary
Conclusion
Laying the Foundation
Sources of Biometrics
Critical Analysis
Implications and Recommendations
Closing Remarks
Index