دانلود کتاب Introduction to Cosmology

فهرست مطالب :

Preface 1 Introduction 2 Fundamental Observations 2.1 The Night Sky is Dark 2.2 The Universe is Isotropic and Homogeneous 2.3 Redshift is Proportional to Distance 2.4 Different Types of Particles 2.5 Cosmic Microwave Background Exercises 3 Newton versus Einstein 3.1 The Way of Newton 3.2 The Special Way of Einstein 3.3 The General Way of Einstein 3.4 Describing Curvature 3.5 The Robertson–Walker Metric 3.6 Proper Distance Exercises 4 Cosmic Dynamics 4.1 Einstein’s Field Equation 4.2 The Friedmann Equation 4.3 The Fluid and Acceleration Equations 4.4 Equations of State 4.5 Learning to Love Lambda Exercises 5 Model Universes 5.1 Evolution of Energy Density 5.2 Empty Universes 5.3 Single-component Universes 5.3.1 Matter only 5.3.2 Radiation only 5.3.3 Lambda only 5.4 Multiple-component Universes 5.4.1 Matter + Curvature 5.4.2 Matter + Lambda 5.4.3 Matter + Curvature + Lambda 5.4.4 Radiation + Matter 5.5 Benchmark Model Exercises 6 Measuring Cosmological Parameters 6.1 “A Search for Two Numbers” 6.2 Luminosity Distance 6.3 Angular-diameter Distance 6.4 Standard Candles and H0 6.5 Standard Candles and Acceleration Exercises 7 Dark Matter 7.1 Visible Matter 7.2 Dark Matter in Galaxies 7.3 Dark Matter in Clusters 7.4 Gravitational Lensing 7.5 What’s the Matter? Exercises 8 The Cosmic Microwave Background 8.1 Observing the CMB 8.2 Recombination and Decoupling 8.3 The Physics of Recombination 8.4 Temperature Fluctuations 8.5 What Causes the Fluctuations? Exercises 9 Nucleosynthesis and the Early Universe 9.1 Nuclear Physics and Cosmology 9.2 Neutrons and Protons 9.3 Deuterium Synthesis 9.4 Beyond Deuterium 9.5 Baryon–Antibaryon Asymmetry Exercises 10 Inflation and the Very Early Universe 10.1 The Flatness Problem 10.2 The Horizon Problem 10.3 The Monopole Problem 10.4 The Inflation Solution 10.5 The Physics of Inflation Exercises 11 Structure Formation: Gravitational Instability 11.1 The Matthew Effect 11.2 The Jeans Length 11.3 Instability in an Expanding Universe 11.4 The Power Spectrum 11.5 Hot versus Cold 11.6 Baryon Acoustic Oscillations Exercises 12 Structure Formation: Baryons and Photons 12.1 Baryonic Matter Today 12.2 Reionization of Hydrogen 12.3 The First Stars and Quasars 12.4 Making Galaxies 12.5 Making Stars Exercises Epilogue Table of Useful Constants Index