دانلود کتاب Models of Disorder: The Theoretical Physics of Homogeneously Disordered Systems

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Preface 1 Cellular disorder 1.1 Perfect spatial order 1.2 Substitutional disorder 1.3 Magnetic disorder 1.4 Ice disorder 1.5 Short-range order 1.6 Long-range order 1.7 The range of order and ordered domains 1.8 Spectral disorder 2 Topological disorder 2.1 Atomicity 36 2.2 Disordered linear chains 39 2.3 Physical realizations of one-dimensional systems 43 2.4 Dimensionality and order 47 2.5 Dislocation disorder 51 2.6 .rv1icrocrystalline disorder 56 2.7 Atomic distribution functions 58 2.8 Bond network disorder 64 2.9 Amorphous or paracrystalline? 67 2.10 Statistical geometry of bond networks 72 2.11 The Bernal model of a liquid 77 2.12 Analytical theories of the liquid state 87 2.13 Liquid mixtures 96 2.14 Liquid phases of non-spherical molecules 102 2.15 Gas-like disorder 106 3 Continuum disorder 3.1 Continuum models 108 3.2 Homogeneous random fields 110 3.3 Ga ussian randomness 113 3.4 Statistical topography 118 4 The observation of disorder 4.1 Diffraction experiments and diffraction theory 122 4.2 Neutron diffraction 127 4.3 Structure determination by X-rays 129 4.4 Small-angle scattering 129 4.5 Diffraction by a mixture 133 4.6 Diffraction effects of substitutional disorder 137 4.7 Diffraction and imaging 140 5 Statistical mechanics of substitutional disorder 5.1 Physical problems and mathematical puzzles 142 5.2 Mean field approximation 144 5.3 Short-range order 147 5.4 Cluster methods 151 5.5 The Ising model in one dimension 161 5.6 The one-dimensional Heisenberg model 165 5.7 The Onsager solution of the two-dimensional I sing problem 171 5.8 Ferroelectric models in two dimensions 178 5.9 The spherical model of ferromagnetism 182 5.10 Graphical expansions 187 5.11 Order as a thermodynamic variable 197 5.12 Scaling and renormalization of critical phenomena 200 6 Thermodynamics of topological disorder 6.1 The linear gas-liquid--crystal 209 6.2 The van der Waals approximation 213 6.3 The Percus- Y evick approximation 218 6.4 Perturbation methods 220 6.5 The virial series 223 6.6 Computer sin1ulation methods 226 6.7 Melting 232 6.8 Entropy and free volume 240 7 Macromolecular disorder Regular solutions Entropy of macromolecular solutions Model chains Random coils Branching and gel formation Rubber elasticity Excluded volume Random walks on a lattice Continuum models Entanglements 8 Excitations on a disordered linear chain Dynamical, magnetic and electronic excitations One-dimensional models Phase-angle representation Spectral gaps in disordered chains The spectral density Local density approximation Localization of eigenfunctions 9 Excitations on a disordered lattice 9.1 The TBA model 9.2 The Green function formalism 9.3 Propagator and locator expansions 9.4 The coherent potential approximation 9.5 Local environment corrections to CPA 9.6 Spectral bounds and band tails 9.7 Spectral moments and continued fractions 9.8 Off-diagonal disorder 9.9 Anderson localization 9.10 Percolation theory 9.11 Maze conduction 10 Electrons in disordered metals 10.1 The NFE model 10.2 Screened pseudopotentials 10.3 Muffin-tin potentials 10.4 The electron spectrum 10.5 Many-atom scattering 10.6 Scattering operators 10.7 Partial-wave representations 10.8 The coherent-wave approximation 10.9 Cluster scattering 10.10 Transport theory 11 Excitations of a topologically disordered network 11.1 Dynamics of liquids and glasses 11.2 The continuum limit 11.3 Ideal tetrahedral coordination 11.4 Tree models 11.5 The band-gap paradox 12 Dilute and amorphous magnets 12.1 The dilute Ising model 12.2 Dilute Heisenberg magnets 12.3 Amorphous ferromagnets and spin glasses 13 Electrons in 'gases' 13.1 Gas-like disorder 13.2 The metal-insulator transition 13.3 Hopping conduction 13.4 Semi-classical electrons in a random potential 13.5 Spectral tails in a choppy random potential References Index